高中英语语法 什么是简单句并列句复合句

高中英语语法通霸3. 句子结构和成分句子分类简单句、并列句和复合句

句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

考点1.简单句

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。如：He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

（画线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）改错：

It not only costs little money but also comfortable.

答案与解析：第一个谓语是实义动词，第二个是系表结构，应带be，因此要在also前加is。

考点2.并列句（参看P.错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）

改错：

①.He likes English, his English is very good. ×

②.His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×

当一个句子中含有两个简单句时，就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了。直接用逗号连接两个简单句是错误的。

这时我们可以用and, but, or等并列连词来连接这两个句子；也可以用分号（;）来连接。此时，这两个简单句（此时也可称作分句）之间是并列关系，不能说一个分句作了另一个分句的什么成分。

用并列连词或分号连接起来的句子是并列句。

上两句可以改为：

①.He likes English；his English is very good. (用分号连接)

He likes English, so/and his English is very good.

②.His wife was ill; he had to stay at home. (用分号连接)

His wife was ill, so/and he had to stay at home.

考点3.复合句

A.用从属连词连接的句子是复合句。

还先看上面的两个错句：

①.He likes English, his English is very good.×

②.His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×

我们还可以用从属连词来连接。这两句话可改为：①.Because he likes English, his English is very good.

When he likes English, his English is very good.

②.Because his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.

When his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.

先看第一个句子。当用because连接时，译为“因为他喜欢英语，（所以）他的英语非常好”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的原因。因此：“his English is very good”是主句，“because he likes English”是原因状语从句。QQ329950885

当用when连接时，译为“当他喜欢英语时，他的英语非常好”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜

欢英语”是他英语好的时间。因此，“his English is very good”是主句，“when he likes English”是时间状语从句。

同理，句②修改后，前面分别为原因状语从句和时间状语从句，后面是主句。

像上面这样，用从属连词连接两个简单句之后，一个句子是主要的（主句），另外一个句子（从句）是说明主要句子发生的时间、原因、条件等，这样构成的句子称为复合句。

B.当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句

子就成为复合句了。从词或词组升级后的句子是从句，除从句以外的是主句，整个句子是复合句。

①The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，

是简单句。）

The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.

（当over there变为who is wearing a hat时，句子就含有两个主谓结构，一个是The boy is my brother，是主句；

who is wearing a hat是the boy的定语，称为定语从句。

who既作从句成分，又起着从属连词的作用。）

②I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，

是简单句。）

I was doing my homework when he came in.

（I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语，是时间状语从句。因此本句是复合句，when 是从属连词。）

③It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）

What he said is wrong.

（what he said，是一个主谓结构。What he said is wrong.

是另外一个主谓结构，What he said作主语，is wrong 系表结构作谓语，因此，本句是复合句。What he said 是主语从句；what既作从句成分又起着从属连词的作用）

从上面这几个句子，我们可以看出：

C.一个句子如果含有从句，如名词性从句（主语从句、

宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等，这个句子就是复合句。

练习1.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。

1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

3.There is a chair in this room, isn’t the re?

4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the

morning and come back home at seven in the evening.

5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

8.Wh at he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?

9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

11.Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my

Dad on the farm.

12. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I

work from dawn until dark. 13. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of

our tractors. 14. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north

where it is colder they grow wheat. 15. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men

working for him. 考点4. 引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句

子结构和句意来判别 练习2. 说出下列复合句中，where 引导的是什么从句。 1. You can find it where you left it.（ ） 2. Tell me the address where he lives.（ ） 3. I don’t know where he comes from.（ ） 4. Where he was born is not known yet.（ ） 5. This place is where they once lived.（ ）

考点5. 一个句子有两个主谓结构时，要考虑它们之间的连

接问题 直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。这时我们就要考虑连接词的问题。这时，我们有三种方法来改正这个错句：

A. 改为并列句：我们可以使用and, so, but 等并列连词来

把它们连接起来；或者把逗号改为分号。 B. 改为复合句：加上从属连词，把其中的一个分句改为

状语从句、定语从句或名词性从句。 C. 改为简单句：把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉，

从而使其变成独立主格结构。（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。） I like English, my English is very good. × 可以改为： 并列句：

I like English and my English is very good. I like English, so my English is very good. I like English ; my English is very good. 复合句：

As /Because I like English, my English is very good. （含有原因状语从句的复合句）

When I like English, my English is very good. （含有时间状语从句的复合句） 简单句：

I liking English, my English is very good. (把一个分句改为独立主格结构) 再如：I have a house, its windows are very big. × 可以改为：

并列句：

I have a house and /but its windows are very big. I have a house ; its windows are very big. 复合句：

I have a house, whose windows are very big. (含有定语从句的复合句) 简单句：

I have a house, its windows very big. (后面为独立主格结构) 考点6. 两个分句一般只用一个连词 用了“因为（because, as, since 等）”不用“所以(so)”；用了“虽然(al though, though)”不用“但是（but ）”。 改错：

Because I like English, so I am good at it.

Although he is not intelligent, but he does well in all his subjects.

答案： 第一句去so ；第二句去but 。

注意：有时so, but 和and 等词可以用在第一个分句句首，实际上是和前面所说的相联系，而不是连接后一个分句。如：

So if you don ’t like it, you can give up. 因此，如果你不喜欢，你可以放弃。

And when they get there, General Forrest will take care of them.

而且他们一到那里, 福雷斯特将军就会好好处理他们. 练习3. 利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题。

1. Five people won the “China’s green figure” award, a title

______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. is given B. was given C. being given D. given 2. All the preparations for the task ______, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed 3. 【2006辽宁】I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ______ Chinese in the school, most ______ were from Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 4. Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, ______ with smiles. A. their faces are shining B. whose faces shining C. their faces shining D. faces shining whose 5. Many students ______ around, I explained the story into details. A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing 6. I have five friends, some of ______ are businessmen. A. that B. whom C. they D. them 7. I have five friends, but none of ______ are business- men. A. that B. whom C. they D. them 8. 【2013上海】________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about. A. To look B. Looking C. Having looked D. Look

I. 单句改错 A. 注意分句连接

1. 【2014新课标Ⅰ】 Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.

2. 【2005天津】As she gave it to me, when the phone rang

and she went to answer it. 3. 【2006全国Ⅰ】They did not want breakfast because that

they were going out early in the morning.

答案：

第1讲 简单句、并列句和复合句

练习1. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。 1. 简单句。

2. 复合句, The boy is called Tom 是一个主谓结构，who

offered me his seat 也是一个主谓结构，为定语从句，作前一个主谓结构中主语the boy 的定语。 3. 简单句，反义疑问句。

4. 简单句，my brother and I 是并列主语，后面go to

school 和come back 为并列谓语，因此也只有一个主谓结构。 5. 并列句。

6. 含有时间状语从句的复合句。

7. 并列句。

8. 复合句，what he said 也是一个主谓结构，名词性从句

作主语。

9. 简单句，只有一个主谓结构。 10. 简单句，前面为并列主语。 11. and 连接的并列句。 12. 由so 连接的并列句。 13. 简单句。

14. but 连接前后为并列句，但后面又是一个含有定语从

句的复合句。

15. 含有让步状语从句的复合句。

练习2. 说出下列复合句中，where 引导的是什么从句。 1. 地点状语从句 2. 定语从句 3. 宾语从句 4. 主语从句 5. 表语从句

练习3. 利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题。 1. D 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. D

1. but 去掉或者改为yet ；两个简单句用一个连词连接就

行，用了“虽然”，不用“但是”，yet 可以作副词。

2. 去掉when ；the telephone rang 应为主句。

3. 去掉that ；because 本身就是连词，不能再用that 。

4. 在my 前加of ；But 是在意思上与前面连接，因此后

面用so 是正确的。 5. 去掉so ；前面with 的复合结构不是一个分句，因此整

个句子还是简单句，所以后面不必用连词。 6. 后句的he 前加and ；which 引导的是定语从句，其前

后的两个句子构成了并列句，要有并列连词连接。 7. they 前加and ；两个简单句直接用逗号连接是错误的。 8. and 后加I ’m ；20 years old 的主语不是My name 。 9. t rusting 改为trust ；trust 和have 是并列的。 10. sat 改为sit ；sit 和lie 构成并列谓语。

11. feel 改为feeling ；feeling good 和strong 是并列的，都

是作keep 的补语。keep 后跟现在分词作补语。 12. good 前加is ；后句中each 是主语，has a delicious taste

是第一个谓语，is good for health 是第二个谓语。 13. 在not 前加were ；willing 是形容词，前面加be 才能

作谓语。 14. leave 改为left ；left 和walked 是并列的。

15. 去to ；earn 和finish 是并列的，所以要用动词原形。 16. telling 改为told; told 和saw 是并列关系。 17. swim ；play, swim 和go 是并列关系。

18. visiting ；visiting 和making 是并列的，都是thinking of

的宾语。 19. opened ；put, opened 和started 是并列谓语。 20. found ；found 和stopped 是并列的。 21. watch ；watch 和sit 是并列的。 22. face ；face 和enjoy 是并列的。

23. Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also

teaching me how to be a good person. 24. I particularly enjoy sitting beside you and listening to

you tell stories. 25. In the past, we had to sit at our desks in silence and pay

attention to what the teachers were saying. 26. I still remember getting up early that day and feeling

anxious about the new world. 27. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and

giving lessons to lovely boys and girls.

28.

高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

高中英语语法——并列句和状语从句

第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or,either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法

when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb.was doing sth.when... ②sb.was about to/going to do sth.when... ③sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... ④sb.had just done sth.when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you. 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or

高考英语语法专项突破训练专题16-倒装句和省略句

专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：

2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：

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