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英语宾语补足语用法详解

英语宾语补足语用法详解
英语宾语补足语用法详解

Contents

英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2)

一、概念 (2)

二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2)

三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3)

典例精析: (4)

英语宾语补足语用法详解

一、概念

分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说,主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语,则很容易了解主语补足语。

宾语补足语:在英语中,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。

句型:及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./todo/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法)

该句型若变成被动语态,即将宾语提到句首作主语,原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用,所以改称主语补足语。例如:

A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.

此句中smoking是主语he的补足语,所以称为主语补足语。

二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语

分词作主语(宾语)补足语时,若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系,则用现在分词表示主动;

如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系,则用过去分词表示被动。例如:

He was heard singing in the next room.

He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词singing。

One of the glasses was found broken.

One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词broken。

Don…t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.

The water is running.宾语the water与补足语“淌”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词running。三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词

要会使用分词作补足语,必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。

1.感官动词feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,observe,look at(一感二听五

看)及find等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如:

If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air moving against your face.

The air can be felt moving against your face,if you wave your book in front of your face.

The next morning she found the man lying in bed,dead.

The next morning the man was found lying in bed,dead.

2.表示“致使”动词get,have,leave等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足

语。

--Good morning.Can I help you?

--I?d like to have the package weighed,madam.

3.表示“意欲;命令”的动词如like,want,wish,order等常接过去分词充当补足语。

如:

You must tell us exactly what you would like done.你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。

The father wants his daughter taught the piano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。

I wish it done quickly.我希望很快将此事做完。

注意:set,start,catch常跟现在分词作宾语补足语,make常跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如:Set sb.thinking,start sb.coughing,

He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

The speaker raised his voice but still couldn?t make himself heard.

典例精析:

1.I smell something___________in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?

A.burning

B.burnt

C.being burnt

D.to be burnt

答案:A。

解析:smell something burning“闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味”强调这个动作正在进行。

burning作宾语补足语。Something burnt“烧焦了的东西”表示一种状态。所以选A。

2.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mother?s voice______him.

A.calling

B.called

C.being called

D.to call

答案:A。

解析:hearsb.doingsth.意为“听到某人在做某事”。动词+ing表示主动,the child heard his mother?svoice calling him表示“孩子听见他母亲喊他”。Hear sth.done表示“听见某事被做了”。所以选A。

3.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_____in a short

period.

A.improved

B.improving

C.to improve

D.improve

答案:A。

解析:havesth.done表示“使某事被做”,have her written English improved“使她的书面英语得到提高”。动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。Have sb.doingsth.意为“使某人一直在做某事”表主动。

Have sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”表主动,do前必须省略to。所以选A。

4.--Did Peter fix the computer himself?

--He______,because he doesn?t know much about computers.

A.has it fixed

B.had fixed it

C.had it fixed

D.fixed it

答案:C。

解析:havesth.done表示“使某事被做或请别人做某事”,动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。由because he doesn?t know much about computers可判断出,他找别人维修了电脑。所以选C。

“感使动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中“宾语补足语”的用法

“感使动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中宾语补足语的用法定义 1.所谓感官动词,是指表示人的大脑感觉器官所发出的动作的动词。如:notice / observe / see / look at / watch / hear / listen to / feel(常见的共8词). 2.使役动词是指具有使、让意义的动词。如:have/ let / make(常见的共3词)。 记忆与使用 难点一:如何系统、准确地熟记常见的感官、使役动词 口诀:“注意、观察、三看、二听、一感觉;三个使役半帮助。”注意:“半帮助”是为了易记加上去的(因help后接的to可省可不省,故叫“半帮助”)。 难点二:对感官、使役动词的主动结构后接非谓语动词作宾补的区别 先看感官动词主动结构的用法(以hear为例):hear sb. do/ doing/ done ' 即其后可接do(省to)/ doing/ done作宾补。区别是:1)do/ doing均表主动关系,done表被动关系。 2)do/ doing都可表主动,但do指整个动作,经常性动作或强调动作完成了。doing指动作正在进行或动作的某个片断。

3)done指某事由别人做(被做),也作“遭受”解。 试比较:A)I heared him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌(指自始至终整个过程)。 B)I heared him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱(指当时动作的某个片断)。 C)I heared a song sung.我听见(有人)唱歌(逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。) 再看使役动词主动结构的用法:have sb. do/ doing/ done, make/let sb. do/ done have后也接do(省to)/ doing/ done作宾补,区别是:1)do/ doing 均表主动关系,done表被动关系。 2)do/ doing虽然都表主动,但do指目前和将来或经常性、反复性的动作。Doidoing指目前正在进行的动作。 试比较:A)I won’t have you saying such things about my sister.(指目前正确进行的动作) B)I won’t have you saying such things about my sister.(指目前和将来的动作) C)I shouldn’t have him do that again.(指将来的动作,此处不用doing因do that again暗示将来) D)I am sorry to have had you waiting so long.(指目前正在进行的动作) E)I have had many friends visit me from time to time.

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(完整版)英语宾语补足语用法详解

Contents 英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2) 一、概念 (2) 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2) 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3) 典例精析: (4)

英语宾语补足语用法详解 一、概念 分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说,主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语,则很容易了解主语补足语。 宾语补足语:在英语中,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型:及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法) 该句型若变成被动语态,即将宾语提到句首作主语,原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用,所以改称主语补足语。例如: A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 此句中smoking是主语he的补足语,所以称为主语补足语。 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 分词作主语(宾语)补足语时,若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系,则用现在分词表示主动; 如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系,则用过去分词表示被动。例如: He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词singing。 One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词broken。 Don‘t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.

(完整版)初中英语祈使句讲解及练习

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with结构做宾补用法

With 结构(with+宾语+宾补)宾补可以是:过去分词,现在分词,不定式,副词,adj.,介词短语 可以做定语,伴随状语,原因状语,结果状语等等。 1. 1) With his key lost, he couldn’t get into his house.(钥匙丢了, 他进不了家门. ) 2) With his hair cut, Father looks much younger. (理了发,父亲看上去年轻多了.) 3) He sat there with his eyes closed. (他闭目坐在那儿。) 4) All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. (整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。) 5) The meeting ended with all the problems settled. (问题解决了,会散了.) 2. 1) With the teacher standing beside, the girl felt a bit uneasy. (老师站在一旁,女孩子感到有点不自在.) 2) She was chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her. (她在跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩。) 3) He felt uneasy with the whole class staring at him. (他感到很不安,因为所有的同学都盯着他。) 4) The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking into the sky. (小男孩躺在草地上,两眼望着天空。) 5) With night coming on, we started for home. 夜幕降临,我们动身回家。 6) I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. (因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。) 7) He fell asleep with the lamp burning. (他没熄灯就睡着了。) 3.1) I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. (要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。) 2) With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish the work in time.

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Let you and I try to make this all right.让你和我试试把这个做好。 let 后接第三人称 Let her do what she likes. 让她做她想做的事吧。 Let the meat cook slowly. 把肉用慢火炖。 Let XYZ be a triangle. 设 XYZ为一个三角形。 Let the two lines be parallel. 假设两条线是平行的。 Let every man do his best. 让每个人人尽其才。 Let him have his own way. 让他照自己的意思做吧! Let the true cause of the accident be published. 把造成这件意外的真正原因公开吧。 Let him try that game again on me,and I’ll soon put paid to it.他如若再和我玩这把戏,我很快就会叫他收起来。 let后接there be句式 “Let there be no reprisals,” said the widow of the murdered man. 被害者的遗孀说:“千万不要搞复仇。” Let there be light.让地上有光。 Let there be no doubt in your minds about our intentions. 对于我们的意图,你们心里不要有疑问。

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在英语学习中,插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分,通常 与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实,插入语 大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,常置于句首、 句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。 例1 _____the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A.General speaking B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally 解析:本题答案为 C.generally speaking 为分词短语,意思是“一般来说” ,在句中用作插入语。 小结:许多分词短语可以用作插入语,这样的分词短语有:strictly speaking(严格地说), generally considering (一般认为), judging from (根据判断)等。 例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____ , neither of them could swim. A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally 解析:本题答案为 C.unfortunately 为副词,意思是“令人遗憾地,不巧,可惜” ,在句中用作插入语。 小结:常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有:indeed(的确),surely(无疑),however(然而), frankly (坦率地说),obviously (显然),naturally (天然地),luckily (happily ) for sb.(算某人幸运), fortunately (幸好),strangely(奇怪), briefly (简单地说)等。 例3 Your performance in the driving test didn ’t reach the required standard,_____, you failed. A.in the end B.after all C.in other words D.at the same time 解析:本题答案为 C.in other words 为介词短语,意思是“换句话说”,在句中用作插入语。 小结:常用作插入语的介词短语有: in conclusion (总之), in a word (简而言之), in short (简而言之),in general(一般说来),in a sense(在某种意义上),in my view (在我看来), in his opinion(按照他的看法),in fact(事实上),at first(首先), in addition(此外),of course (当然),to my surprise(使我惊奇的),to her regret(使她遗憾的),for example(例如)等。 例 4 It is so nice to hear from her._____ ,we last met more than thirty years ago.

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