电气专业工程电气术语英文对照表

电路 ，electric circuit
电气工程electrical engineering
电机electric machine
自然科学physical science
电气设备 electrical device
电器元件 electrical element
正电荷positive charge
负电荷negative charge
直流direct current
交流alternating current
电压voltage
导体conductor
功work
电动势electromotiveforce
电势差potential difference
功率power
极性polarity
能量守恒定律the law of conservation energy

变量variable
电阻 resistance
电阻率resistivity
绝缘体insulator
电阻器resistor
无源元件passive element
常数constant
电导conductance
短路short circuit
开路open circuit
线性的linear
串联series
并联parallel
电压降voltage drop
等效电阻equivalent resistance

电容器capacitor
电感器inductor
储能元件storage element
电场electric field
充电 charge
放电discharge
动态的dynamic
电介质dielectric
电容capacitance
磁场magnetic field
电源power supplu
变压器transformer
电机electric motor
线圈coil
电感inductance
导线conducting wire
绕组wingding
漏电阻leakage resistance

电子系统electronic system
结构图block diagram
功能模块functional block
放大器amplifier
滤波器filter
整形电路wave-shaping circuit
振荡器oscillator
增益gain
输入阻抗input impedance
带宽bandwidth
晶体管transistor
集成电路integrated circuit
电力电子power electronics
数字信号处理digital signal-processing
输出装置output device
模拟信号analog signal
数字信号digital signal
传感器transducer
采样值sample value
模数转换器analog-to-digital converter
频谱frequency content
采样频率sampling rate or frequendy
扰动disturbance
分立电路discrete circuit
数字化信号digitized signal

运算放大器operational amplifier
有源电路active circuit
电子部件electronic unit
封装package
管脚pin
同相端noninverting terminal
反相输入inverting input
电路图circuit diagram
压控电压源voltage-controlled voltage source
开环增益open-loop gain
闭环增益closed-loop gain
负反馈negative feedback
正饱和positive saturation
线性区linear region
电压跟随器voltage follower
等效阻抗equivalent impedance

逻辑变量logic variable
位bit
数字字digital word
字节byte
半字节nibble
与运算AND operation
真值表truth table
与门AND gate
非门NOT gate
或门OR gate
加号addition sign
与非门NANA gate
异或运算XOR operation
逻辑表达式logic expression
二进制binary system
正逻辑positive logic
负逻辑negative logic
参考方向reference direction

理想变压器ideal transformer
电气绝缘electrical isolation
阻抗匹配impedance matching
电力electrical pewer
绝缘变压器isolating transformer
电压互感器voltage transformer
电流互感器current transformer
原边绕组primary winding
工作频率operating frequency
配电变压器

distribution transformer
电力变压器power transformer
磁通密度flux density
磁场magnetic field
铁芯变压器iron-core transformer
大功率high-power
空芯air-core磁耦合magnetic coupling
小功率lower-power
励磁损耗magnetizing loss
磁滞损耗hysteresis loss
涡流eddy current
励磁电流exciting current
漏磁通leakage flux
互磁通 mutual flux
线圈coil
芯式core form
壳式shell form
高压绕组high-voltage winding
磁链flux linkage
电动势electromotive force
有效值root mean square value
匝数比turns ratio
视在功率apparent power
匝数the number of turns
升压变压器step-up transformer
降压变压器step-down transformer

电动机motor
发电机generator
机械能mechanical energy
电能electrical energy
电磁的electromagnetic
直线式电动机linear motor
同步电机synchronous machine
感应电机induction machine
定子stator
转子rotor
气隙air gap
轴shaft
电枢armature
励磁绕组field winding
无功功率reactive power
制动状态braking mode
稳态steady-state
相序phase sequence
反响制动plugging
滞后电流lagging current
励磁电抗magnetizing reactance
启动电流starting current
变频器frequency changer
感应电势induced voltage
逆变器inverter
周波变换器cycloconverter
换向器commutator

自动控制automatic control
控制器controller
扰动disturbance
期望值desired value
压力pressure
液位liquid level
被控变量controlled variable
方框图block diagram
传递函数transfer function
工程控制process control
伺服系统servomechanism
流率flow rate
加速度acceleration
前向通路forward path
补偿correction
反馈通路feedback path
闭环closed-loop
开环open-loop
输出output
增益gain
手动调节manual adjustment
变送器transducer
误差error
控制方式control mode
比例控制proportional control
积分控制integral control
微分控制derivative control
执行元件manipulating element
调节时间setting time
残差residual error

不确定度uncertainty
观测数据observations
采样sample
算术平均arithmetic average
期望值expected value
标准偏差standard deviation
下限lower range limit
上限upper range limit
跨度span
分辨率resolution
死区dead band
灵敏度sensitivity
阈值threshold
可靠性reliability
过量程overrange
恢复时间recovery time
过载overload
过量程极限overrange limit
漂移drift
准确性accuracy
误差error
重复性repeatability
系统误差systemic error
再现性reproducibility
校准calibration
线速度linear velocity
角速度angular velocity
弧度radian
测速仪tachometer
增量式编码器incremental encoder
定时计数器timed counter
稳定性stability

接口interface
调节器conditioner
开关switch
执行器actuator
电磁阀solenoid valve
连续控制系统sequential control system
触点contact
常开normally open
常闭normally cl

osed
限位开关limit switch
继电器relay
延时继电器time-delay relay
接通电流pull-in current
开断电流drop-out current
电机启动器motor starter
接触器contactor
自锁触点holding contact
整流器rectifier
变流器converter
逆变器inverter
二极管diode
阳极anode
阴极cathode
正向偏置forward biased
反向偏置reverse biased
阻断block
稳压二极管zener diode
晶体管transistor
集电极collector
基极base
发射极emitter
共发射极common-emitter
双向晶闸管triac
正半周positive half-cycle
触发电流trigger circuit

功率容量power capability
功率器件power device
晶闸管thyristor
导通conduction
正向阻断 forward-blocking
通态on-state
关断状态off-state
反向击穿电压reverse breakdown voltage
漏电流leakage current
电流额定值current rating
漏极drain
门极gate
缓冲电路snubber circuit
均流current sharing
额定电压rated voltage
可控开关controllable switch
相控phase-controlled
充电器charger
工频line-frequency
变换器converter
整流rectification
逆变inversion
可逆调速revesible-speed
再生制动regenerative barking
关断时间turn-off time
纯电阻负载pure resistive load
脉动ripple
感性负载inductance load
周期time period
带内部直流电动势的负载load witn an internal DC voltage
波形waveform
换相commutation
稳态steady state
交流侧AC-side
延时角delay angle
交点intersection
电力系统power system
发电厂generating plant
发电机generator
负荷load
输电网transmission nerwork
配电网distribution network
电electricity
天然气natural gas
原理图schematic diagram
锅炉boiler
热效率thermal efficiency
风力wind power
断路器circuit breaker
变电所substation
故障fault
过电压overvoltage
击穿值breakdown value
过电流over current
可靠性reliability
继电器relay
触点contact
电流互感器current transformer
合闸线圈operating coil
分闸线圈trip coil
Circuit theory is also valuable to students specializing in other branches of the physical science because circuit are a good model for the study of energy system in general,and because of the applied mathematics,physics,and topology involved.
电路理论对于专门研究自然科学其他分支的学生来说也十分有价值，因为电路一般可以很好地作为能量系统研究的模型，并且电路理论涉及应用数学、物理学和拓扑学的相关知识。
Charge is an electrical property of the particles of which matter consists,measured in coulombs.
电荷是组成物质的原子微粒所具有的电气属性，其单位为库仑。
The common term signal is used for an electric quantity such as a current or a voltage when it is used for conveying information.
当像电流或电压这样的电量用于传递信息时，常称这个电量为信号。
These laws,known as Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws, form the fo

undation upon which electric circuit analysis is built.
欧姆定律和基尔霍夫定律是电路理论的基础，电路分析就建立在这些定律的基础之上。
Georg Simon Ohm(1787-1854), a German physicist, is credited with formulating the current-voltage relationship for a resistor.
德国物理学家乔治西蒙欧姆，因提出了电阻的电流电压关系而享誉世界。
Such an equivalent resistance is the resistance between the designated terminals of the network and must exhibit the same i-u characteristics as the original network at the terminals.
这样的一个电阻是在网络的指定两端等效，并且在这两端等效电阻具有与原网络相同的伏安特性。
The unit of capacitance is the farad(F),in honor of the English physicist Michael Faraday(1791-1867).
电容的单位是法拉（F），是为纪念英国物理学家迈克尔?法拉第（1797-1878）而命名的。
It takes power from the circuit when storing energy in its field and returns previously stored energy when delivering power to the circuit.
当电容器在电场中储能时，它从电路中吸收功率；当电容器向电路提供功率时，它就释放先前存储的能量。
But in order to enhance the inductive effect,a practical inductor is usually formed into a cylindrical coil with many turns of conducting wire.
为了增加电感的感应作用，实际的电感器通常是由许多匝导线绕制成的圆柱形线圈构成的。
The unit of inductance is the henry(H), named in honor of the American inventor Joseph Henry(1979-1878).
电感的单位是亨利，是为纪念美国发明家约瑟夫?亨利而命名的。
Inductance is the property whereby an inductor exhibits opposition to the change of current flowing through it ,measured in henrys.（H）
电感器具有与流经它的电流变化相反的特性，用电感来描述这一特性，其单位为亨【利】（H）.
Electronic systems control fuel mixture and ignition timing to maximize performance and minimize undesirable emissions from automobile engines
电子系统控制燃料混合和点火定时，以使汽车发动机的性能最佳、尾气排放量最少。
By comparing the time of arrival of the signals and by using certain information contained in the received signals concerning the orbits of the satellites ,the position of the vehicle can be determined.
通过比较信号到达的时间，采用包含在接收信号中的与卫星轨迹相关的信息来对交通工具进行定位。
The amplitude of a typical analog signal is plotted against time in Fig.4.2(a)
典型的模拟信号的幅值随时间变化的曲线如图4.2（a）所示
Digital signals are binary ;however,more levels are sometimes useful.
数字信号是二进制的；不过，有时也采用其他多进制。
Each sample value is represented by a 3-bit code word corresponding to the amplitude zone into which the sample falls.
每个采样值都可以用一个

与采样所规定的幅值区域相对应的3位编码字来表示。
Thus,when a DAC converts the code words to form the original analog waveform ,it is possible to reconstruct only an approximation to the original signal- the reconstructed voltage is in the middle of each zone .
因此，当数模转换器将编码字转换为原模拟波形时，复现一个与原始信号相近的信号是可能的--复现的电压位于各自区域的中心。
Op-amps are commercially available in integrated circuit packages in several forms.
用集成电路封装的几种形式的运算放大器在实际中应用广泛。
An input applied to the noninverting terminal will appear with the same polarity at the output,while an input applied to the inverting terminal will appear inverted at the output.
输出与加到同相端的输入极性相同，而与加到反相端的输入极性相反。
Although the power supplies are often ignored in op-amp circuit diagrams for the sake of simplicity ,the power supply currents must not be overlooked.
为了简单起见，尽管在运算放大器的电路图中常省略了电源，但来自电源的电流一定不能忽略。
Although we use the addition sign(+) to represent the OR operation ,manipulation of logic variables by the AND,OR,and NOT operations is different from ordinary algebra.
尽管我们用加号来表示或运算，但是逻辑变量的与或非运算与普通的代数运算是不同的。
If the inputs to a NAND are tied together ,an inverter results.
如果将与非门的两个输入端连到一起，与非门就变成了反相器。
The OR operation can be realized by inverting the input variable and combining the results in a NAND gate .
将输入变量取反后再用与非门组合在一起就能实现或运算。
In either case ,the magnetic cores are made up of stacks of laminations cut from silicon-steel sheets.
无论哪种铁芯都是从硅钢片上剪下的铁芯叠片叠装而成的。
Most laminated materials are cold rolled and often specially annealed to orient the grain or iron crystals.
大多数叠片材料需要经过冷轧加工，而且经过特殊的退火处理后可使晶体获得各向异性。
A large reduction in leakage flux can be obtained by further subdividing and sandwiching the primary and secondary turns,however,at considerable cost.
进一步细分绕组 并增加原边和副边的匝数可以大大降低漏磁通，但成本却提高很多 。
The coils employed in shell-form transformers are usually of a pancake form unlike the cylindrical forms used in the core-form transformer,where the coils are placed one on top of the other and the low-voltage winding is placed closer to the core with the high-voltage winding on top.
芯式变压器的线圈采用圆柱结构，与之不同的是，壳式变压器的线圈通常采用饼形结构。芯式变压器中一个线圈位于另一个之上，并且高压线圈在上，低压线圈更靠

近铁芯。
Such conversion is facilitated through the action of a magnetic field.
在磁场的作用下这样的转换变得更为方便。
In the braking mode of operation,a three-phase induction motor running at a steady-state speed can be brought to a quick stop by interchanging two of its stator leads.
运行在稳态转速的三相感应电机通过互换两根定子接线就可以运行在制动状态并快速停下来 。
With a cylindrical rotor the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the field is independent of its actual direction and relative to the direct axis.
圆柱形转子的磁场 磁路的磁阻与直轴有关，而与磁场的实际方向无关。
It is highest when the field is directly halfway between the poles ,that is .along the quadrature axis.
当磁场正好处于磁极中间时，也就是沿着交轴方向时，磁阻 最大。
Examples of small DC motors include those used for small control devices ,wind-shield -wiper motors,fan motors ,starter motors,and various servomotors.
小型直流电机的例子包括小型控制装置中所用的电机、风档刮水电机、风扇电机、启动器电机及各种伺服电机。
Application example for larger DC motors include industrial drive motors in conveyors,pumps,hoists,overhead cranes.forklifts.fans,steel and aluminum rolling mills, paper mills, textile mills, various other rolling mills, golf carts,electrical cars,street cars or trolleys,electric trains, electric elevators, and large earth-moving equipment.
传送带、泵、起重机、高架起重机、铲车、风机、钢和铝轧机、造纸机、纺织机、其他各种轧钢机等工业拖动中所使用的电机，高尔夫球手推车、电动车、电车、电气火车、电梯以及大型运土设备中所用的电机都是大型电流电机的应用实例。
Obviously, DC machine application are very significant ,but the advantages of the DC machine must be weighed against its greater initial investment cost and the maintenance problems associated with its brush-commutator system.
显然，直流电机的应用非常有意义，但是也存在初期成本投入较高、由电刷-换向器而带来的维修困难，应用时一定要权衡其利弊。
Many complex control systems are included among the functions of the human body.
在人体的各种功能中包含许多复杂的控制系统。
A block diagram consists of a block representing each component in a control system connected by lines that represent the signal paths.
方框图由表示控制系统每个元件的模块组成，这些元件由代表信号通路的信号线连接。
The process block represents everything performed in and by the equipment in which a variable is controlled.
过程模块代表被控变量所在装置完成的每件任务和通过装置执行的每件任务。
Finally ,the change in the manipulated variable drives the controlled variable back toward the set point .
最后，控制

变量的改变带动被控变量向设定值方向变化 。
The mean gives us an estimate of the expected value of an observation ,but it gives no idea of the dispersion or variability of the observation.
平均值给出了对观测数据期望值的估计，但不能指出观测数据的偏移和变化。
Operating characteristics include details about the measurement by ,and operation of effects on the measuring instrument.
运行特性详述了测量仪器的测量及测量仪器 所受影响的作用。
Resolution ，dead band, and sensitivity are different characteristics that relate in different ways to an increment of measurement.
分辨率、死区 和灵敏度以不同的方法描述了测量增量不同的特性。
Repeatability and reproducibility deal in slightly different ways with the degree of closeness among repeated measurements of the same value of the measured variable .
重复性和再现性以大同小异的方式论述被测变量在同一个值的重复测量中的接近程度 。
A normally open switch will close the circuit path between the two terminals when the switch is actuated and will open the circuit path when the switch is deactuated.
当驱动开关时，常开开关闭合两端子之间的电路通道；当撤除驱动后，开关断开电路通道。
When an operator actuates a maintained-action switch,the contacts remain in the new position after the operator releases the actuator.
操作值驱动一个持续动作的开关，当撤除驱动后，触点仍然维持在新的位置。
The relay is actuated by completing the circuit branch that contains the relay coil.
通过接通继电器线圈所在的分支电路激励继电器。
The small contact is called a "holding contact "because it holds coil 1M in the energized condition after the operator the operator releases the START button.
称小的触点为自锁触点，因为在操作者释放开始按钮后，这个触点能将线圈M自锁在通电状态。
The triac was developed as a means of providing improved controls for AC power.
双向可控硅已作为对交流电网进行改进控制的工具。
Latched on by a control signal but must be turned off by the power circuit.
由控制信号控制器件导通，但必须通过电力电路的作用才能使其关断。
Once the device begins to conduct ,it is latched on and the gate current can be removed.
一旦器件开始导通，它就自锁（门极失去作用），可以移去门极电流 。
latched on by a control signal must be turned off by the power circuit.
由控制信号控制器件导通，但必须通过电力电路的作用才能使其关断。
once the device begins to conduct ,it is latched on and the gate current can be removed.
一旦器件开始导通，它就自锁（门极失去作用），可以移去门极电流。
Because of the large ripple in ud and id ,this circuit is of little practical significance .
因为ud和id有很大的脉动，

所以这种电路几乎没有实际意义。
Because of the large ripple in ud and id ,this circuit is of little practical significance .
因为ud和id有很大的脉动，所以这种电路几乎没有实际意义。
23 Overvoltage may stress insulation beyond the breakdown value.
过电压可能会将高于击穿值的电压加到绝缘体两端。
Based on information from instrument transformers ,a dicision is made and "delayed" to the trip coil of the breaker,which actually opens the power circuit-hence the name relay.
从仪器变压器 得到信息后，做出决策并将其传递给断路器的分闸线圈，分闸线圈切断电力网-继电器由此得名。