自考高级英语下册课后练习答案

The Company in Which I Work
by Joseph Heller

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. In the company, everyone is afraid of al least one person.
2. Because their position is the lowest.
3. Because they fear that they may, start doing worse and they
should begin doing better.
4. They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary.
5. Yes.
6. Because first their salaries are small, arid they know they will
not have much trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other
companies if they lose their jobs here.
7. They are not expected to change reality, but merely to find it if
they can and suggest ingenious ways of disguising it.
8. He is bored with his work very often now.
9. On days when he's especially melancholy, he began constructing
tables of organization … classifying people in the company on the
basis of envy, hope, fear, ambition, frustration, rivalry, hatred,
or disappointment.
10. The passage is a satire on the company's ruining the normal human
feelings and on the sad fact that people scramble for power and
profit at the cost of sacrificing their dignity.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．他们召开会议，研究该提升谁，别人准备并发布的声明上也要署上他们的名
字。
2．他不时地让我清楚一个事实，即他希望我的部门所出的成果在显示给其他部门
之前先给他看看。
3．把统计数字复印，分发，这种做法的结果是公司每个部门的每个销售办公室的
推销员在任何时期内业绩的好坏都不断地处于公众的审查和评论之中。
4．纪律和指令激励并驱使他们。
5．他们的经费很少，因为不再允许他们承担大的项目。
6．不仅推销员认为（我们所做的是重要的），而且那些精明的。能力强的高级管
理层的人员也这样认为。
7．做令人厌烦的事情是否比把令人厌烦的事情交给别人去做而自己却无所事事更
令人厌烦呢？这真是一个要做出决定的问题。
8．我时常感到我被利用只是因为我被要求去做能付我工资的工作。

C. Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression
from the box below, changing its from when necessary.
1. having fallen victim to
2. with honors
3. have trouble
4. was held to blame
5. credited with
6. regardless of
7. squandered
8. motivated

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of
the following sentences.
1. incurred
2. ingenuous
3. explicit
4. compliment
5. simulated
6. brooded
7. grudge
8. shrewd

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. how much
they sold in the same week
2. they tend to lose temper unreasonably
3. after several months of feeling sorry for his wife's death, he
usually takes up managerial po

sition.
4. which they have to obey.
5. Usually, they are happy, full of confidence and glad to be with
people.
6. it's a stupid person who believes.
7. except a temporary feeling of pride and highly spirited, I only
feel bored and hopeless.
8. after a difficult period of time, an emotion of enormous
disappointment comes over me

F. Translate the following into English.
It' s not easy to work in a big company. There is the rigid
hierarchy in such company. If you want to achieve success and
promotion, you’ll have to do your work well under great
pressure and be subjected to the discipline and direction.
Every day you work under strict supervision with great fear.
If you' re doing a job without any opportunity to be promoted,
and you can t find another job for certain reasons, you'll be
bored with the present work and feel tired of it. You will
lose hope for the future and lose your ambition and motivation
for the work, and finally turn to be a mediocre person.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic
"Do You Like to Be a Salesman in a Big Company? Why or Why Not?".
I Like to Be a Salesman in a Big Company There are many kinds of
positions in a big company. If I can choose one of them, I'd like
to be a salesman. For one thing, I' 11 be able to fully explore
my latent power by working under pressure, facing challenges from
the highly competitive market. To be a salesman, I can usually be
vigorous, friendly, generous and confident. Travelling will be
part of my job as a salesman which allows me to meet people of
different culture, different personalities. And travelling also
enables me to see the world. Another reason I like to be a
salesman is that I can have a feeling of being proud and
important, since a company exists to sell. All the work done by
others is only a pavement of a road for me to walk upon.
Furthermore, it will bring me great pleasure if I can keep a
friendly relationship and good cooperation with the previous
customers, and bring in new ones. This will be of much benefit
both to the company and to myself.
Eveline
by James Joyce

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. There had been seven people in her family, now there are five.
Her mother and Ernest died.
2. She was a waitress in a shop. No, she didn't find it pleasant.
3. She did the whole housework: cleaning, cooking, shopping, etc.
4. Her father threatened her by saying he would beat her if not
for her dead mother's sake.
5. Frank was a sailor who came
from Buenos Ayres.
6. Her father thought that all the sailors were bad men so he
forbade her seeing Frank.
7. He asked her to go with him and become his wife.
8. She wanted to have a new life but didn't have enough courage
to have a try.
9. The vision of her mother's miserable life made her sud

denly
decide to go to the boat station.
10. After reading the story I felt sympathetic for Eveline. She
lived an unpleasant life. But when the chance was there to change
it, she was not brave enough to embrace it. It's certain that she
would feel worse.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．她的头靠在窗帘上，鼻孔上是提花窗帘布上的尘土气。
2．她的父亲常用他那根黑刺李木棍到地里把他们赶出来。
3．也许她再也看不到她做梦都没想过要与之分开的一切所熟悉的东西了。
4．干教堂装修业的哈里几乎总是在乡下什么地方。
5．他站在大门口，尖顶帽推在后脑勺上；头发向前散乱会在晒得黝黑的脸
上。
6．她好像又一次回到客厅另一侧的那间闷热阴暗的房间中，听见外面在奏
着一首忧伤的意大利曲子。
7．从棚子的大宽门看出去，她看了一眼黑糊糊的船体，……舷窗亮着灯光。
8．她面对着他，脸色苍白，表情麻木，就像一只无助的动物。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression
from the box below, changing its form when necessary.
1. tumbling
2. unaccustomed
3. Where on earth
4. spell
5. inhaled
6. went for
7. was laid up
8. anguish

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of
the following sentences.
1. Invariably
2. undesirable
3. squabbles
4. pitiful
5. melancholy
6. stumbled
7. unspeakably
8. spell

E. Explain the underlined words in English:
1. the darkness covering the avenue gradually
2. and someone would be hired to take her place in the shop
through advertisement
3. Be more cheerful
4. Harry always tried to offer as much as he could
5. do her shopping
6. for the sake of amusement
7. Her departure time is approaching.
8. that a common people ends his life in such a foolish way

F. Translate the following into English:
Eveline had agreed to marry Frank, an Irish sailor living
in Buenos Ayres. They got to know each other not long after
Frank came over to Dublin for a holiday. They were about to
take a passage for Buenos Ayres that night. The boat was
leaving in a few hours. But she still doubted if it' s wise
to go with Frank to such a distant country. She disliked her
work in the stores and her father didn't treat her well.
Anyway this was the
life she was familiar with. What's more,
before her mother died she had promised her to keep the house
together as long as she could. But the memory of her mother's
sad life made her feel an impulse of terror. She wanted to
enjoy a happy life with Frank! She changed her mind just
before stepping on the boat. Then the boat was away with
Frank. Everyone dreams of living a happy life, but it needs
courage to make the dream come true.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the
topic
"I Think Eveline

Should (Not) Leave Home". I Think Eveline
Should Leave Home Eveline seemed to have spent a rather happy
childhood. But as time went by, everything has changed. As
her mother was dead, she had to carry on the load of
housekeeping and the task of keeping the family together. She
had to make sure that the two young children went to school
on time and got their meals regularly. She had to face the
violent threat from her father without anybody to protect
her. At the same time, she had to work in a Store and gave
out all her hard - earned wages for the family's sake. As
luck would have it, Eveline got to know Frank, a sailor who
was kind, manly and open - hearted. She's happy and excited
to be together with Frank who brought her to see operas; and
even sang a little to her. Frank was the first person who
was able to bring her hope, opportunity and perhaps love for
the future life. Yet, at the crossroad of her life she
hesitated and decided not to follow Frank, but to return to
her routine and hopeless life. I think Eveline really should
leave home with Frank to explore a new life. Even though it
might turn out to be a failure, it would still be much better
than passively live in the memory with regret.
What's Wrong with Our Press?
by Marya Mannes

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on he text.
1. It is ironic to say that newspapers have two advantages, by
saying so, the author wants to say that newspapers have lost
its function of informing people.
2. In TV programs, there is no intense partisanship. TV
provides a wide range of opinion. TV does not tolerate the
kind of distortion of fact, the kind of virulence and personal
peeve. TV doesn't feed the appetite for hate, etc.
3. The resistance to change marks the end of newspapers'
usefulness. The author thinks that the resistance to change
is the end of growth, which, in turn, marks the end of
usefulness.
4. TV does a better job in informing the public than the
nation's press as a whole, but television coverage of
news is superficial and inadequate.
5. On local newspapers, you will find no enjoyment or
interest. Local newspapers are not worth
reading.
6. The author is a newspaper woman.
7. The author's purpose is to call on her fellow newspapermen
to make efforts to improve the newspaper in order to perform
its function of informing the public.
8. Newspapers have become a habit rather than a function. It
has lost its function of informing the public, for newspaper
people do not treat word with respect it deserves.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．报纸排在第二位……
2．如果你从广播、电视、杂志和报纸上得到对同一新闻的不同报导或
相矛盾的报导，你会相信哪种报导呢？
3．电视比报纸更依赖商业广告，既然广告是大生意，广告在本性上是
亲共

和党的。
4．职责在于给美国公众提供新闻的报纸却只给出了问题的一面之词……
这是可耻的。
5．通常电视画面凌驾于观点之上。
6．电视通过邀请四、五个专家。让他们相互辩驳这种做法给观众提供多
方面的观点。
7．拒绝变更就是发展的终结，而停止了发展，报纸也就没有用途了。
8．写社论稿时诉诸于感情要比讲道理容易。

C. Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or
expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary.
1. substitute
2. cheapened
3. in vain
4. stuffed
5. entrusted
6. pass for
7. takes precedence over
8. cater to

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of
the following sentences.
1. advantage
2. as a whole
3. encountered
4. confined to
5. coverage
6. justified
7. appeal
8. functioned

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. any of the noticeable parts of the face
2. people who work for newspapers, people who work for magazines
3. contradictory
4. try to prove oneself correct and his opponent wrong
5. to a greater extent
6. the newspaper is owned to serve for only one party's interest
7. to let news take the precedence over the ads in dictating the
format of the newspaper
8. The newspaper will continue to be widespread.

F. Translate the following into English.
Television has a lot of advantages over newspapers. When
watching TV, we use our eyes and ears at the same time. We
see both the words and pictures on the screen, and hear both
voice and music meanwhile. Television informs faster than
newspapers. But television lives on advertising to a greater
extent. The seeking of profit makes television cater for the
lowest instincts of man. The entertainment programs of
American television are full of violence and sex. Television
coverage of news is usually superficial and inadequate. There
are also lots of probl
ems in American newspapers. The biggest
ones are the distortion of facts, and the attack on those
countries, nations, and social systems which they dislike.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the
topic
"A Comparison between Newspapers and Television". A Comparison
between Newspapers and Television Nowadays there exists a great
competition between newspapers and television in trying to
attract most of the public. Both newspapers and television has
some advantages and disadvantages over each other. Unlike the
television, the newspapers can give a more profound and
adequate coverage and analyses of the news to the public.
Newspapers can be more conveniently picked up and got informed
of what is going on in the world anytime and anywhere. In
contrast with the newspapers, television can provide more
background information from different point of views which
allows the public to form a balanced and independen

t opinion of
their own. The visual information from television can be more
easily digested by both the young and the old, and by both the
literate and illiterate. As a tragedy to the newspaper, now
more and more people are beginning to turn to the television.
And this tragedy will go on, if the newspapers refuse to change
and give it the respect it deserves.
The Tragedy of Old Age in America
　by Marya Mannes

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. Old age is a neglected stepchild of the human life cycle. The
old in the United States are discriminated and ignored and moot
of theft struggle to exist in an inhospitable, world.
2. Our, popular attitudes towards old age could be summed up as
a combination of wishful thinking and stalk terror.
3. Physical health, personality, earlier-life experiences, the
actual circumstances; of late-life events and the social
supports one receives are interconnected elements which
together determine the quality of late life.
4. Because American society is one which is extremely harsh to
live a when one is old. Elderly Americans confront
insensitivity, ignorance and poverty.
5. Old age is not an enjoyable part of the life-span in the U.S.
6. Old age is also a tragedy for the rich Americans.
7. In late life, the elderly have the potential for qualities
of human reflection and observation.
8. Life expectancy is closely related to living standards.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．衰老过程是人类生命周期中被忽视的继儿。
2．对付死亡的问题比对付在老年时生活的问题要容易。
3．这就是千百万公民辛劳地度过他们的工作日时心中期待着实现的那个美
国“金色岁月”的理想
。
4．我们将感情建筑在原始的害怕、偏见和陈规老套上而不是建筑在知识和
远见上。
5．老人必须弄清自己毕生学习和适应的收获并加以利用。
6．新增加的福利金赶不上生活费用的高涨。
7．就业方面的年龄歧视不受任何限制，可以随意规定退休的具体做法。在
雇用人时对上年纪的人有歧视。
8．这些疾病固然应加以注意，但多数的病症是可极治疗的，而且大多并不
损害工作能力。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or
expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary.
1. conserve
2. eradicated
3. lulled
4. penalized
5. impair
6. toiled
7. inherent
8. subsistence

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of
the following sentences.
1. interconnected
2. inherently
3. one-time
4. based
5. adversity
6. fraudulent
7. incurable
8. preserve

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. deliberately forgotten stage
2. accept with a mixed feeling of being pleasant and sad
3. working hard all day long with hopeful expectation
4

. time-limits of life
5. Poverty and old age exist at the same time
6. are not equal to the decreasing of buying power due to inflation
7. can be treated / cured 8. the rest / the left over

F. Translate the following into English.
The life cycle covers birth, old age and death. Death is an
unavoidable end of life. The process of aging is the neglected
stage of human life cycle. Death occurs within a few seconds
while aging lasts a long period of time, which means disease,
poverty and isolation. Advertisements and travel folders show
relaxed, happy, well-dressed older people enjoying recreation,
travel and their grandchildren. However, the poor old people
cannot enjoy such things. They have to work hard for survival
even in old age. For the most part the elderly struggle to
exist in an inhospitable world. Today there are more and more
old people, and the problem of old age is getting the
attention from the government of every nation.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic,
"Problems American Old People Face Today" Problems American
Old People Face Today As an old person in the United States, you
have to face a lot of problems both socially and economically.
There is a popularly accepted opinion that social security and
pensions provide a comfortable and reliable flow of funds to
prevent the elderly from having any financial worries. The old
people are publicly pictured as relaxed, happy, well - dressed
and delighted people enjoying recreation, travel an
d
grandchildren, living in the retirement communities with lots of
grass, clean air and fun. However, there is another story about
the old people in the States. One hears children saying they are
afraid of getting old. The middle-aged people declaring they want
to die after they have passed their prime, and numerous old people
wishing they were dead. Like every stage of life, old age has its
own problems, joys, fears and potentials. But the real tragedy
for the old people is that they have to live in a harsh society
which has made the process of aging unnecessarily painful,
humiliating, debilitating and isolating through insensitivity,
ignorance and poverty of society. So for most part, the elderly
people struggle to exist in an inhospitable world. Life is even
more tragic for an old woman than for an old man. With a longer
life expectancy, they tend to many men older than themselves;
as a result, so many of them become widows who don't have the
social privilege, as elder men do to date and marry those who are
younger. Furthermore, elder women can not enjoy the same rights as
far as social security and retirement benefits are concerned.
Trifles (Part One)
by Susan Glaspell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. One morning, Mr. Hale went to Mr. Wright's house on his way to
town, hoping to talk wi

th Mr. Wright, but Mrs. Wright told him
that Wright was dead.
2. Mrs. Wright said her husband died of a rope round his neck.
3. Mrs. Wright said that she didn't know who-killed her husband
and she hadn't notified anybody about her husband's death. Hale
and Harry thought it was a strange thing. so they decided to
call for the coroner.
4. The county attorney thought Mrs. Wright was a bad housekeeper.
5. No, Mrs. Hale didn't agree with the county attorney. Because
they are different sex. The county attorney thought about it from
men's point of view while Mrs. Hale thought about it from women's
point of view.
6. They thought preserves and fruit had nothing to do with the case.
7. They were bread in a pan, cherry preserves and Mrs. Wright's
skirt, apron, and shawl.
8. The playwright wants to indicate that the Wright's family life is
cold, too.
9. The county attorney is subjective and likes to draw a conclusion
basing on his impression.
10. Mrs. Hale is frank, kind and sympathetic woman.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．司法官和黑尔是中年男子。县法官是个年轻小伙子。他们穿得都很多，而
且一进屋马上走到炉子旁。
2．解开外套，从炉旁走开力家要开始公务。
3．但我想如果我进屋当他妻子面再谈一下这件事。虽然我对哈里说我不
知道
约翰妻子想要的会对约翰有什么影响。
4．我想让你上楼到那间房间指一指。
5．但我想有约翰?赖特在的地方不会令人愉快到哪儿去。
6．我想她觉得她尽不了应尽的职责，当一个人觉得自己衣衫破旧，不会对什
么事感兴趣的。
7．她以前常穿漂亮衣服而且很活泼，那时她名叫明妮?福斯特，是镇上唱诗
班的一个姑娘。
8．她想要的东西真可笑，监狱没什么活儿会使人弄脏，天知道。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression
from the box below, changing its from when necessary.
1. put in order
2. snoop around
3. mind
4. has his hands full
5. unbending
6. no use
7. unconcerned
8. make a different

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the
following sentences.
1. pleated
2. checked
3. cheap
4. mind
5. unconcerned
6. keep an eye for
7. keep to
8. no use

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. when we go on with the case, it is not useless to get pneumonia
2. I was very busy yesterday
3. because of your sex
4. keep an eye on
5. the truth of the murder
6. plant
7. not in the habit of talking about her affairs
8. take part in

F. Translate the following into English.
Mrs. Wright was a town girl before she married John Wright and
lived in him farm. She used to be lively and like singing.But she
changed completely after living with Wright for 30 years. Wright
was a very miserly person and he didn't care

for his wife's need
at all. There wasn't pleasure in their house, and even their
neighbors didn't want to visit them. One winter morning, Mr.
Hale, their neighbor, found Mr. Wright had been strangled on bed.
Mrs. Wright said she didn’t know who did it. Her behavior was
very strange. She didn't report to the police, and just sat
rocking back and froth on his rocker in the kitchen. The
policemen took her away. The second morning the county attorney
and sheriff came back to the farm with Mr. Hale to investigate
who had killed Mr. Wright.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic
"Imagine yourself to Be Mrs. Hale and Tell the Story". When
my husband came back from the Wrights' house yesterday, he told
me that Mr. Wright was dead. He said it odd for Mrs. Wright only
to rock on the rocker back and forth, and she seemed unconcerned
with her husband's death. When I went to the Wright's house with
the sheriff and his wife, the county attorney and my husband, my
mind was very complex. It was pitiful for Mr. Wright death,
meanwhile I felt it was impossible for Mrs
. Wright to kill her
husband. When investigating the case, the county attorney who
didn't know the condition of the family, said that Mr. Wright
was not much of a housekeeper, which made me unhappy. I knew
that Mr. and Mrs. Wright were not a happy couple. Before their
marriage Mrs. Wright was a lively girl who liked singing. But her
husband didn't care for her feelings and needs at all. There were
not any pleasures in their family.
Trifles (Part Two)
by Susan Glaspell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. They were looking for the motive of the crime and the clues of
the crime.
2. They suspected Mrs. Wright killed her husband because there was
no sign of anyone having come from outside and the rope was the
Wrights'.
3. Mrs. Hale noticed that there was bad sewing on one piece of
quilt that Mrs. Wright was working on. Mrs. Hale pulled out
stitches because she thought that bad sewing could indicate
that Mrs. Wright’s behavior was unusual.
4. Yes, because die thought Mrs.Hale should not touch bad sewing.
5. Mr. Wright broke the birdcage and wrung the canary.
6. Because Mrs. Hale knew Mrs. Wright needed help while living
with Mr. Wright, a hard man.
7. The incident of the dead bird reminded Mrs. Peters of what
happened to her kitten when she was a girl, and it also made Mrs.
Hale realize the living situation of Mrs. Wright. Therefore, they
both understood why Mrs. Wright Killed her husband and felt
sympathetic towards her.
8. Because both women felt sympathy for Mrs. Wright and they knew
the dead bird would be the evidence against Mrs. Wright.
9. The county attorney was dear that it me Mrs. Wright who killed
her husband, but he didn't know why she killed her husb

and and why
she killed Hum in that strange way.
10. Yes. The two women were dear that why Mr. Wright killed her
husband and why she killed him by rope.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．当我们出来往这儿来的时候亨德森说这案子所要查的是作案动机：愤怒
或是突发的感情。
2．把她关在镇里的监狱，却到这儿来要从她家找出证据指控她。
3．我不知道还有这样奇怪的事情，占用我们的时间做这些小事还要等他们
换证据。
4．不知为什么我们总是不明白别人过得如何，直到——出了事。
5．两个女人坐在那谁也不看谁，好像在盯着什么东西看，同时又犹豫不决。
6．这时她俩人谈话，像在一片陌生的土地上摸索，好像害怕说出他们要说
的，但又好像忍不住要说出来。
7．如果多年来生活毫无意义，有只鸟给你唱歌，那么鸟死之后，会静得可
怕。
8．但
是你是了解陪审团对妇女的态度的，如果能有具体的证据。有证据表
明——能构成一个情，一个能与这种奇怪的杀人方式联系到一起的情节。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or
expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary.
1. superstitious
2. fidgety
3. went to pieces
4. kept his word
5. pleasantly
6. could not help
7. covertly
8. hold himself back

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the
following sentences.
1. held back
2. superstitious
3. remember
4. broke
5. pleasant
6. falter
7. fidgety
8. covert

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. Like a cold wind chilling to the bone
2.brought up here
3. occupy her mind
4. attractive
5. sees herself, says it hesitantly and weakly
6. undertake
7. it is not necessary to instruct Mrs. Peters.
8. loses control of herself

F. Translate the following into English.
The sheriff and the county attorney couldn't found any sign
that anybody had come to Mr. Wright's house, so they thought his
wife must have killed him. In order to convince the jury of that,
they had to find out Mrs. Wright's motive to kill her husband,
but they earned nothing at this point. As they were busy looking
for evidence, two women in the kitchen found a dead canary
wrapped in a piece of silk in a box. The canary had been wrung
to death. They could imagine what her life was with such a man
as Wright in this house. They didn't want the sheriff and the
county attorney to find the box with the dead canary. They
concealed it in order to protect Mrs. Wright.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic
"Tell the Story from Hale' s Point of View". When my husband
came back from the Wrights' place yesterday, he told me that Mr.
Wright was dead. He said it odd for Mrs. Wright only to rock on
the rocker back

and forth, and she seemed unconcerned with her
husband's death. When I went to the Wright's house with the
sheriff and his wife, the county attorney and my husband, my
mind was very complex. It was pitiful for Mr. Wright death,
meanwhile I felt it was impossible for Mrs. Wright to kill her
husband. When investigating the case, the county attorney who
didn't know the condition of the family, said that Mr. Wright
was not much of a housekeeper, which made me unhappy. I knew
that Mr. and Mrs. Wright were not a happy couple. More their
marriage Mrs. Wright was a lively girl who liked singing. But
her husband didn't care for her feelings and needs at all.
There were not any pleasures in their family.
Ace in the Hole
by John U
pdike

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. That he was fired by his boss made Ace restless. What Ace
worried about in particular was that his wife would be very
angry that he lost the job.
2. Ace's mother was very happy that Ace was fired by his boss
because she thought that job had no future for his son.
3. Ace's mother did not get along well with Evey.
4. No, Ace' s mother did not like Bonnie. she said that Bonnie
was her mother's daughter. Since she didn't like Ever, so she
did not like Bonnie, either.
5. The small article on the sports page tell us that Ace was
once an excellent basketball player when he was in school,
and at that time Ace was a famous boy.
6. Ace's boss asked him to back a Chewy, and Ace damaged
another car when backing the Chewy. So Ace was fired by his
boss.
7. No, Evey was not sympathetic after Ace told her how he had
lost his job. Evey thought that before backing the Chewy, Ace
should have looked and moved the other cars to make more room,
then he could avoid the collision. All that she said was
complaint about Ace's carelessness.
8. Evey was a had-working and hot-tempered person.
9. Their married life itself was precarious and it plunged now
and then to the brink of collapse.
10. Ace was not out of hole at the end of the story. Ace led
Evey into a dance and let the music and rhythm ease off the
tension between them. But it could last only for a short time.
The problem was not solved. He had to look for a new job and
the conflicts in his marriage had not been ended

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．他的声音尽管很熟悉，却使他感到厌烦，声音听上去又细又尖。
2．他把火柴一弹，使它竖转着落进了路沟。
3．唉，我想都不敢想艾维会怎么说，可是就我来说，我感谢亲爱的上
帝，你有头脑想到不干那份工作。
4．他把前面的头发稍稍弄乱，使一小错头发垂在前额上。
5．他希望她不会太生气，因为她生气的时候他会想他当初该不该和她
结婚，而有了这种怀疑使他感到憋的慌

。
6．看上去就像有人拿了个刨子把突出的部分给削平了，你知 道，在后
面那儿。
7．要是有什么是我不愿意从你嘴里听到的，那就是神父。你把神父的事
留给我。
8. 当音乐中突然加进了萨克管，速度变快了，他小心地和她旋转起来，
用自己的双肩打着拍子。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or
expression from the box elow, changing its form when necessary.
1. feel crowded
2. fuss
3. pinch
4. whirled
5. read his mind
6. kept at
7. pl
ucked
8. drooped

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each
of the following sentences.
1. take things easy
2. scrub
3. flicked
4. whirled
5. plucking
6. twiddling
7. keeps at
8. tossed

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. in a deep silence
2. a person who is realistic
3. made herself calm
4. was excited
5. threw indirectly the paper into an armchair
6. I understand her mind
7. when they suffer from loss of money
8. We will not have our sons.

F. Translate the following into English.
Ace was in the hole. He was out of work , and was afraid
to face his wife — Evey. Because Ace couldn’t support his
family by his earnings, Evey had to work as a shop assistant.
She always felt very tired after a day's work, and had no
time to prepare super. Now he was fired again, so he worried
that Evey would lose her temper. Ace's mother helped them
take care of their daughter — Bonnie. Usually Evey went to
pick up the child, but that day Ace did. His mother was
pleased with his losing his job for she thought he should
have a better job. This time Evey didn't get too angry with
Ace, but would Ace get out of trouble.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic
E "What Have You Found out about Ace from the Story?" Ace
is an American mid - class young man of 1950's. At high school
he was an excellent basketball player. After he graduated from
high school he joined the Army, and after retiring from military
service he was always out of work. One day his boss asked him
to back an old car into the space between two cars. He didn't
care that there wasn't enough space between them, when backing
the car, he broke one of the two cars. Finally he was fired.
But his mother was pleased with his being fired, because she
thought he should get a better job. As Ace couldn't support
his family by his earning, his wife — Evey, had to be a
shop assistant. Their relationship was not so harmonious.
Science Has Spoiled My Supper
by Philip Wylie

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. He wants to drive home the harm of the so-called science.
2. In the author's opinion, "science" has made the food bland
and tasteless.
3. The cheeses are crumbly and lack of flavor.

4. Through "deep-freezing".
5. Because nothing is improved by the process.
6. The food is tasteless, so people have to eat much more to
know what they are eating.
7. The food is lower in quality.
8. The first example: "it is a gruesome experience to have meals
at the best big-city restaurants; the second: wilted leaves and
withered tubes;
the third: what matters if such peas taste like
boiled paper wads.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．我受的是科学的教育，曾为一份科学刊物写过某个领域的一篇专题文章。
2．这位能干女人的女儿（我的妻子）学会了她母亲的古老的手艺。
3．喜欢有明显的、独特味道的产品的人有各种不同的爱好。
4．他们干的是为了吃以外的一切目的而去培养“改良”品种的工作。
5．可是如果人们吃葱头不是因为它们有洋葱的味道，那么他们究竟为什么
要吃洋葱？
6．我在想不知道我们饮食的这种淡而无味的状况是不是造成我们之中这么
多人过于肥胖，甚至胖到了危险程度的原因。
7．这是我们较为聪明、较为冷静的先人用来喂猪而不是暖人的方法：越多
越好而且越快越好，根本没有质量的标准。
8．顺从适应，标准一统，相仿相似——且全按低劣庸俗的水平——正在取
代美国人具有地多彩的自由与高贵的个性的伟大观念。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or
expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary.
1. take to
2. amounted to
3. is well on the way
4. measure up
5. take effect
6. on the spot
7. suckled himself
8. rang down the curtain

D. Choose the right word or expression in the brackets to complete
each of the following sentences.
1. put off
2. innate
3. attribute
4. preserves
5. deserts
6. commanded
7. hypothesis
8. resemblance

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. the usual food of most of us is with the balance of nutrition
2. would cause European food ~ lovers to laugh and silence
3. cannot be baked on the stove
4. mad or senseless
5. It is necessary instinctively to satisfy the sense of taste.
6. when Americans realized the importance of .good tasting food,
over—weight wasn't such a national problem
7. man would become what he eats
8. Very fat man is increasing.

F. Translate the following paragraph into English:
Why there are so many obese persons in America? Many people
will say that there are two causes : one is that the American
food is delicious and the other is that they do little sports.
But the author doesn’t think so. He raises such a hypothesis:
people eat in order to meet their need of taste. When food
tastes like library paste, people need to eat more to satisfy
the taste buds. “Pseudo-science” leads to the blandness of
the American food, which is the basic rea

son why obesity
becomes a national curse. We shouldn’t be too serious to the
author’s absurd argument. It is only a method of the autho
r
to satirize to criticize, the American food.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic
"Do You think the Author Expresses the Opinion of a
Conservative Food-snob?" I think the author expresses the
opinion of a conservative food-snob. You know, we Chinese
cook meal very well. Our diet is always delicious and well
prepared. But sometimes, we may be angry about our food.
Some bad restaurant will provide you the inferior food,
it is bland, so we have to ask the owner to give us more
food until we can t eat. This is a familiar thing according
to the author's view. In some respects, the author is a
conservative food-snob. His view is original. What is more,
much of the view is right. He criticizes the American food
shows that he is just a conservative food-snob.
I'll Never Escape the Ghetto
by Stanley Sanders
课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1.Yes, he did. Since he was born, raised and graduated from high
school in Watts, he has affectionate ties to Watts. Without the
future for the black ghetto, there would be no future for all
the Negroes. What affects it, affects him, for he is a child
of the ghetto.
2. When his high school won the Los Angeles oratorical contest,
he showed the judge that good things could come out of Watts
which gave him a pleasant feeling.
3. He did this because he didn't want his being from Watts to
arouse any curiosity and this severely interfered with his
college life.
4. The ghetto rioting made him realize that he could not escape
the ghetto after all.
5. As the only Negro in the summer session he felt awkward for
a time.
6. Watts needed the new militancy and a militancy of action.
7. While the top students were enjoying the privileges of
studying at the world's finest universities, Negroes at home were
revolting against their miserable condition. So they were in no
moral position to condemn the rioting.
8. The wisdom of the street comer was rich enough to support even
a communist bookstore. It was quite different from his schooling.

B. translate the following into Chinese.
1．把瓦茨视为中转站的心态在留下的及离去的人身上都有牢固的影响。
2．我是在离开瓦茨后不久开始丧失原来的抱负。
3．我不愿意自己来自瓦茨这一事实引起人们的好奇。
4．“南洛杉矾”在地理位置上与瓦茨相同，但没有瓦茨的污名。
5．除了伦敦某些不公开的高等俱乐部之外，很少有划分种族界限的情况。
6．要树立成为瓦茨的年青人仿效的傍样是我的生活。
7．它粉碎了我认为自己个人的发展能够被视作所有黑人的进步而加以祝贺

的观念。
8．在暴乱发生之前美国黑人运动的规模似乎只限于狭小的民权运动领导范
围之内。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with best word or expression
from the box below, changing its form when necessary.
1. emulate
2. dependent on
3. enrolled
4. indifference
5. influx
6. parallel
7. mentality
8. simplify

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each
of the following sentences.
1. droves
2. militant
3. customary
4. quality
5. manifested
6. follow
7. was reflecting on
8. regrettable

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. emphasized the idea
2. the prize for hardworking students
3. leading a long-time vagrant life
4. The shame of being Watts was too painful to bear.
5. There were no distinctions between blacks and whites then.
6. surprised the students coming from all parts of the world
7. didn't come true 8. means more than the extent of a federal
poverty program

F. Translate the following into English.
I was born, raised and graduated from high school in
Watts, so I had a deep love for it. I decided to make a career
there, though it was thought impossible. At that time, many
black young men left Watts in droves, because they thought
they could make a career only outside of the ghettos. I also
left Watts to study at Oxford University, Yale University.
forfurther^study. The ghetto riots in 1960s indicated that the
black people were becoming more and more militant. The riot
was the most significant massive action taken by Northern
Negroes, and a watershed in the ghetto's history as well. The
deepest impact of the riots was on the people of Watta
themselves. I would never escape from the ghetto. I have staked
my all on its future. Watts is my home.

G. Writing a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic.
Stanley Sanders' Attitude towards the Ghetto Stanley Sanders,
a famous black writer, was born, raised and graduated from high
school in Watts. When graduated from high school, he went away
to the world - famous universities — Whittier College, Oxford
University, and Yale Law School to receive the best education of
the world. Then he intended to return back to Watts, though many
talented young people left Watts in droves. Watts, in the mind of
other black ghettos across the country, is a station in the way
of the whole life. It is considered no place to make a career.
Once they have left, there is no returning. Watts is regarded as
a stigma, too. Being from Watts often arouses much curiosity among
the whites. All these greatly interfered with both the blacks'
study and lives.
They are too heavy to bear. That' s why many
talented young blacks left Watts in droves whenever they've got
a chance to go away. Being an ambitious and talented young man,
the author comes to realize that he has affectionate ties t

o
Watts. He realizes that his interest in the law sterns from a
concern for the future of Watts. He realizes that the problem of
the poor and of the city in America is the problem of the ghetto
Negro. He realizes that if there is no future for the black ghetto,
the future of all Negroes is diminished. What affects it, affects
him, for he is a child of the ghetto. When they do it to Watts,
they do it to him, too. In this sense, the author determines never
to escape from the ghetto. He has staked his all on its future.
Watts is his home.
How Market Leaders Keep their Edge
by Michael Treacy and Fred Wiersema

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. The three disciplines are operational excellence, product
leadership and customer intimacy.
2. (1) Operational excellent companies provide middle-of-the-
market products at the best price with the least inconvenience.
(2) Product leadership companies concentrate on offering
products that push performance boundaries.
(3) Customer intimacy companies focus on delivering not what
the market wants but what specific Customers want.
3. Price / Costco buys larger quantities therefore it can sell
goods at lower prices. With the help of company's Consumer Reports,
Price/Costco only buys goods of leading brand and goods that
represent the beat value, therefore it can provide hassle-free
service.
4. First, they must be creative. Second, they must commercialize
their ideas quickly. Third and most important, they must
relentlessly pursue ways to leapfrog their own latest product or
service.
5. Product leaders create and maintain an environment that
encourages employees to bring ideas into the company and,
just as important, to listen to and consider these ideas,
however unconventional.
6. Cable & Wireless-segments the market vertically.
7. Cable & Wireless wants customers to feel they are getting the
support of the entire company. Top management empowers all
employees to make sophisticated decisions.
8. If you want to be a product leader, you must find the unique
value that it alone can deliver to a chosen market. You can win
through cost, or customer intimacy or with great products.
Choosing one discipline is the choice of winners.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．我们认定三种不同类型的价值准则，之所以这么说是因为每个类型都
会产生一种不同的顾客价值。
2．此类公司满足的
不是市场需求，而是特定客户的需求。
3．经营出色型公司提供了质量、价格、便利购物相结合的经营形式，这
是市场上其他公司无法与之相比的。
4．富有创造性最主要的是指承认和接受公司内外来源不同的好主意、好
点子。
5．卫康公司的高速生产设备帮助公司领先于它的未来竞争对手六个月的
时间。
6．他们知道如果

自己不开发更新换代的产品．其他公司也会这样做的。
7．一个靠与顾客建立密切关系而实现其价值的公司与客户建立友邻一样
的联系。
8．但他们没能做到的是在任何一方面有所突破而达到新的高度。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or
expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary.
1. state-of-the-art
2. capitalize
3. continuity
4. identified
5. engendered
6. contingency
7 made a business
8 fit in with

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each
of the following sentences.
1. incurred
2. sophisticated
3. on
4. differentiate
5. optimum
6. excels
7. attribute
8. adept

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. Nike’s great value not only lies in its sportswear, but also…
2. you don't have to spend much time choosing and deciding what
brand you want to buy
3. If anyone is planning to improve their technology to the highest
level
4. he got his advises / some information by the call
5. who will be the best candidate J & J needs most
6. that bring a reward in appealing to its customers to return to
buy its products again
7. change its services to each customer a little so as to match the
new surroundings
8. occasionally meet managers who don't like to accept the idea of

F. Translate the following into English.
Customers have different value disciplines on products and
service. Some customers demand low price and hassle-free service,
some don't care too much about price but demand the product that
should represent the hottest style and state-of-the-art
technology in the market, and others want the product and service
to meet their special needs. Therefore, if a company wishes to be
a market leader and keep its edge, it must concentrate on one
discipline to excel according to its own condition, either by low
cast, or with latest and great products, or through customer
intimacy.

G. Writing a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic.
What Would You do to Become a Market Leader If Your Company
Is a Medium-sized One? Our research shows that no company can
succeed today by trying to be all things to all people. As for

our medium-sized company, it is not easy to win through cost.
Winning through cost .requires that companies of this kind
provide middle-of-the- market products at the best price. We
are somewhat short of money comparing with big companies. If
the cost is too low, we will have no profit. It is also
difficult for us to win the competitive market with great
products. To win with great products involves the leaders to be
quick and creative. They must find ways to leapfrog their own
latest product or service. It's also hard for us. The only way
for us to win the market is to win through customer intimacy.
We don't pursue transactions; we only cultivate r

elationships.
We are adept at giving the customer more than he or she expects.
By constantly upgrading offerings, we stay ahead of customers'
rising expectations. Only in this way can we become a market
leader.
On Human Nature and Politics
by Bertrand Russell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. Yes, the desire for food is the main motive for human
activities. But the desire of human beings is infinite and
can never be fully gratified. In this respect, man diners
from the beast.
2. Acquisitiveness causes human beings' desire to possess goods.
Acquisitiveness can never be satisfied.
3. Rivalry is likely to cause troubles, wars etc., which will
disturb the peaceful lives of human beings. The world would be
a happier place than it is if acquisitiveness were always
stronger than rivalry.
4. Since power over human beings is shown in making them do what
they would rather not do, the man who is actuated by love of
power is more apt to inflict pain to permit pleasure.
5. No, because when men lived by hunting in their early days,
they had no time or energy for boredom.
6. The white man didn't harm the native American tribes by giving
them liquor. No, I don't think so.
7. The real motive for modern sports is love of excitement.
People can satisfy their impulse in sports.
8. No, Russell isn't against science and technology when he argues
that technological advances mean a life with more boredom.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．同样，那些坐在拜占庭帝国柔软光滑的长沙发上的阿拉伯酋长们也无法忘
记沙漠，贮藏起远远超过身体可能需要的财富。
2．虽然占有欲是资本主义制度的主要动力，但它决不是征服了饥饿以后最强
大的动机。
3．我们以后的一切麻烦都来自于这个想法。
4．人类甚至犯了大不敬之罪，在神明身上加上了相同的欲望，认为他们也渴
望得到永不停息的颂扬。
5．行使权力后更增加了对权力的爱，无论是芝麻
小权还是国君大权，一概如
此。
6，被权欲驱使的人就更倾向于制造痛苦而不是允许人们得到欢乐。
7．坐下的喜悦已足够了。
8．寻找刺激是如此深刻的需要以至于手边没有无害途径，它便会找到这类有
害途径来发泄。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or
expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary.
1. advocated
2. inhaled
3. eluded
4. repented
5. uttered
6. deceived
7. contented
8. insatiable

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each
of the following sentences.
1. rivalry
2. acquisitiveness, hoard
3. repent of
4. immense
5. impoverishment
6. tiresome
7. derive
8.victorious, triumphant

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. describe as acquisitiveness
2. ch

ief forces / reasons
3. protect against complete ruin
4. perpetual fame / fame that will last forever
5. the same as those mentioned above
6. any of the accounts of Christ's life in the Bible
7. leading to destruction 8. which was caused by the event in
dance halls

F. Translate the following into English.
Man has four main desires: acquisitiveness, rivalry,
vanity and love of power. Acquisitiveness is a desire to
possess goods as much as possible. Satiety is a dream that
will never come true. Acquisitiveness is the mainspring of
the capitalist system, but rivalry is a much stronger
motive than acquisitiveness. Vanity is a motive of immense
potency. It is scarcely possible to exaggerate the
influence of rivalry throughout the range of human life.
But love of power is a motive which outweighs rivalry. It
is insatiable. It is the strongest motive in the lives of
important men. Love of power is greatly increased by the
experience of power.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic.
"Love of Power is by Far the Strongest Motive in the Lives
of Important Men". Undoubtedly the desire for food has been, and
still is, one of the ' main causes of great political events.
But the desire for food is not the | only desire to keep them
active. There are four more, in particular. They are
acquisitiveness, rivalry, vanity and love of power. But great as
the influence of the motives mentioned above is, there is one
that outweighs them all. That is the love of power. Love of
power is greatly increased by the experience of power. A good
case in point is that in the happy days before 1914, when
well-to-do ladies could acquire a host of servants, their
pleasure in exercising power over the domestics steadily
increased with age. Another example is that if
you ask your boss
for leave of absence from the office on some legitimate occasion,
his love of power will derive more satisfaction from refusal than
from consent. If you require a building permit, the petty
official concerned will obviously get more pleasure from saying
"No" than from saying "Yes". It is this sort of things which
makes the love of power such a dangerous motive. But according
to the author, love of power has other sides more desirable. The
pursuit of knowledge is mainly actuated by it. And so are all
advances in scientific techniques. In politics, also, a reformer
may have just as strong a love of power as a despot. We can
safely say that it would be a complete mistake to decry love
of power altogether as a motive.
The Everlasting Witness
by Margaret Shedd

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. Her son was lost during the Vietnam War.
2. She always had a nightmare of looking for her son over the
hills of the rubbled dying after learning that her son was
missing in action.
3. It

was about the finest new weapons built for death and the
prisoners of war.
4. The ring on the finger of the boy's hand.
5. What she wanted to do is to find the newsreel again to make
sure whether the boy with his back to the camera in the film
was her son or not.
6. She decided that if he was alive, she would simply make
waiting womanly and rational. If not, she would say he was
dead. Then she would go back to life, get back to her husband.
7. Carrying flowers in her heart means carrying the best wishes
for her missing son.
8. Yes, she did. With a blank and empty face, he looked like an
idiot.
9. The everlasting witness is the newsreel in which her son
Jerry was. It is a witness to the fact that Jerry was not
dead but still alive.
C. Translate the following into Chinese.
1．他们是年轻的美国士兵，瘦弱不堪，一付病态，神情恍惚地走来走去。
2．一个青年背对摄影机站着，弯身靠在门框上，一只手在抓着门柱，他
认出手指上戴的一枚戒指。
3．他很固执，和他从前一样而且有点迟钝，但他已经准备要转过身来了。
4．可是她磨磨蹭蹭，先是在平台上后来在穿过公园的路上。
5．她没有把花放在车里带来，但她把花放在心中带来了。
6．她两眼紧盯着他，但仍能看到在后面的克里斯。
7．转过身来的年青人的脸现在占满了整个镜头，无情地占满了整个银
幕，这正是杰里的脸……
8．观众中传出了因恐怖而倒吸气的声音，然后便是按捺不住的窃笑。

E. Explain the underlined words in English.
1. in the yellow part of the book
2
. did not return to his unit after a battle
3. He had been confused
4. was too big to be put either in the vase or even in the places
for the flowers in her sister's house
5. moved slowly to her car and moved his hands awkwardly in
search of the car door for her
6. a thin boy with blond hair who was cut into a thin figure
7. rough and wrinkled, it wasn't like a boy's hand
8. with no feeling at all

F. Translate the following into English.
Right after his 20th birthday, Marian's son. Jerry was
enlisted in the army and was sent to Vietnam to fight a
losing battle. Soon he was captured in a battle and put
into a prison-compound. Young Jerry could not bear this
heavy blow and broke down. A handsome young man was
changed into another figure. His face was blanks with
a dull look. His facial muscles twisted. He looked just
like an idiot. Marian’s heart was broken when she saw
this in the newsreel. What could comfort her was the
fact that her son was still alive, and she would wait
patiently for her son to come back.

G. Writing a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic.
How Do You Explain Marian s Change in Her Feeling
towards the Idiot In front of a parking place at the
flower market, there was an opener