推理判断题型阅读解题技巧讲解-word文档

推理判断题型阅读解题技巧

题型介绍

推理题即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”(考生)的想法切忌主观，要通过文章内容推断作者的意图，即作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。

解题技巧

要通过文章的措辞、上下文关系以及文章的文体结构等来理解作者的意图和态度，领会作者的言外之意。不能用主观臆断代替文中作者的观点，不能以事实代替推理，不能以具体代替抽象、以现象代替实质。要特别注意那些描写环境以及反映作者情感、态度的语句。正确选项的特点【高清链接】

不是文中直接或明确说明的内容, 是间接表达出来的，除符合文章主旨外，还符合逻辑，让考生有推敲的余地。另外，正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。

干扰项的特点

1. 夸大事实：对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理。

2. 无中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推理。

3. 掺入常识：根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章。

4. 推理过头：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。◆

推理短文出处

提问方式

推断文章出处的设题形式有：

The passage is most likely to be taken from______.

Where would this passage most probably appear?

The passage is most likely a part of______.

解题技巧

这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：

1. 报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。

2. 广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。

3. 产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。

You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.

First, you must ask yourself,...

Let’s start with the wind blowing from the behind. This mean s...

If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must...

Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to...

48. Where can you probably find the text?

A. In a popular magazine.

B. In a tourist guidebook.

C. In a physics textbook.

D. In an official report.

A。帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动，因此，本文很可能从流行杂志中节选。

推断写作意图

提问方式

考查整篇文章的写作目的

The writer writes this passage in order to _____.

The writer’s purpose of writing t his passage is to _____.

What is the purpose of writing this article?

In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.

考查某处细节的写作意图

The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.

The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.

…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.

技巧点拨

一般我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点、理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来理解作者的写作意图。首先，分析文体特点有助于把握作者的写作意图。如果我们对写作意图的种类做一归纳，就不难看出这一点。写作意图通常可以概括为以下四种：报道（report），警告(warming)，阐述(explain 概念、原理等)，辩论（argument）.

娱乐读者的写作目的常见于故事类的文章。

说服读者的写作目的常见于广告类的文章。在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品﹑一种服务（to sell a product or a service），或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等。

科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章多为阐述某种概念、原理，或就某观点进行辩论，或就某现象提出警告，了解这类文章的写作目的有利于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳．

Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that ...

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution

regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

56. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .

A. inform

B. persuade

C. describe

D. entertain

A。本文是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实。

推断作者态度

提问方式

T he writer’s attitude toward… is______.

The writer thought that ______.

According to the author, ______.

干扰选项

此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点：或是自己的某种看法或观点，或是社会的一种普遍的倾向，或是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等。

解题技巧

推断作者态度时，要注意作者的遣词造句，是褒是贬，是赞成还是反对，作者如果用certain, no doubt, surely等表示确定的语气；如果用possibly, maybe, it is said that时多表示不确定的语气。尤其要注意转折词的运用，作者常在转折词后道出自己的真实评价、观点或态度。

When Frida Kahlo's paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “ a ribbon （丝带）around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.

Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City , Kahlo suffered from polio（小儿麻痹症）...

Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and1940s, even in her home country....

What is author’s attitude toward Kahlo?

A. Devotion

B. Sympathy

C. Worry

D. Encouragement

B。态度推理题，bomb, sadly和Unfortunately告诉我们这是一个悲剧，a ribbon告诉我们主人公很积极乐观，说明作者是同情的态度。

推断结论

提问方式

结论推断题常以infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend等词提问，提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如can, could, would, should等以及其他表示可能性的词probably, most likely等。例如：

From the test, it can be inferred that _______.

The passage suggests that _______.

Which of the following best describes...?

解题技巧

在阅读理解中，推断结论是根据文章所提供的事实和所反映的态度，按照作者的意图进行推理，从而得出结论。要对文章做出正确的结论，一是要以文中所述事实为依据，而不是凭想象或者个人看法得出结论；二是推理必须符合逻辑。推理的过程是对已知事实进行思考、分析，从而形成某种结论，如果推理不符合逻辑，势必要得出错误的结论。

It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck—of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract（合同）of the publisher—to be a published writer—is unbelievably rewarding（有回报的）.

What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?

A. It pays to stick to one’s goal.

B. Hard work can lead to success.

C. She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.

D. There is no end in sight when starting to do something.

A。本段作者表达他刚刚开始时“there’s no end in sight”到后来的“an unbelievable stroke of luck” “to be a publi shed writer— is unbelievably rewarding（有回报的）”是想要告诉读者，坚持自己的目标是值得的，总会碰到运气的降临。B项“刻苦努力是成功之路”，不符合文章意思。C、D项停留于文章表面意思。故答案为A。

真题再现

【链接高清】

1. For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app (application).

Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week —Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.

What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?

A. The machine will be a big success.

B. their wives like doing the laundry.

C. The machine is unrelated to their life.

D. This kind of technology is familiar to them.

2. As a young boy, I sometimes traveled the country roads with my dad. He was a rural mill carrier, and on Saturdays he would ask me to go with him. Driving through the countryside was always an adventure: There were animals to see, people to visit, and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop, and Dad did…..

It can be inferred from the passage that the writer regarded his travels with Dad as ______.

A. great changes to help other people

B. happy occasions to play with baby chickens

C. exciting experiences with a lot of fun

D. good opportunities to enjoy chocolate cookies◆

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