2019中考英语知识点整理补充一

2019中考知识点补充

1.比较级常用

1.the+比较级, the+比较级意为“越……就越……”

The better I knew him, the more I liked him. 我越了解他就越喜欢他。

2. the+比较级+of the two 表示“两者中较…的那个人或物”时，比较级前加the。

He is the taller of the two. 他是两人中较高的那个。

3.比较级+and+比较级越来越…”，单音节形容词或副词用“-er+and +-er”

Things are getting better and better every day. 情况一天天好起来。

4.not +比较级+ than / no +比较级+ than比较级前加not，表示前者不如后者，

与not as…as相当；比较级前加no是对两者的否定，意为“和……一样不……”，

与neither…nor…或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。

He is not taller than me. 他不如我高。

He is no taller than me. 他同我一样不高。(即一样矮)

5.no more than与not more than两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”，

强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。

This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只需30分钟。

He has not more than three children. 他最多 3 个孩子(有或许还不到 3 个之

意)。

6.no more…than与not more…than两者均可用于比较，前者表示对两者都否定，

意为“同……一样不”(=neither ... nor)；而后者意为“不如”、“不及”(= not

so ... as)。如：

He is no more a writer than a painter. 他不是画家，也不是作家。(= He is

neither a painter nor a writer.)

She is not more clever than he is. 她不如他聪明。(= She is not so clever

as he is.)

2.but, except, besides 之间的区别

1. 三者都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有……”；而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有……”。如：Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。

Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。

注：在否定句中，besides 也表示“除……之外不再有……”，与but, except 同义。如：No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。

2. 关于 but 与 except：

(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”，但含义上略有差别：but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较：

All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。

All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。

3. but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首：

除我之外每个人都累了。

正：Everyone is tired but (except) me.正：Everyone but (except) me is tired.

误：But (Except) me, everyone is tired.

注：except for 可用于句首，表示 except 的意思：

正：Except for me, everyone is tired.

4. 关于 except 与 except for：

except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西，有时含有惋惜之意。如：

All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。

His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。

5. 关于 except for 与 but for：

except for 主要表示排除，but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如：Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外，大家都通过了考试。

But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助，她就不会通过考试。

6. besides 除用作介词外，还用作副词，其意为“此外”、“而且”，可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如：

I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去，而且我也太累了。

3.forget的用法与常见搭配

1.forget to do something表示“忘记了做某事”，事情还没有做。如：I’m sorry I forgot

to return the library book.对不起，我忘记归还图书馆的书了。（书没有还）

2.forget doing something表示“忘记曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过了。如：He forgot

going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old. 他忘记了五岁时曾跟父母去过上海。（五岁时去过上海）

3.forget还有以下几种常用词组：forget oneself （忘我；奋不顾身）

4.forget one’s name（忘了某人的名字）forget it （别提它了；别在意）

4.whether和if

1.都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如：

2.I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.

3.Ask him whether / if he can come.

4.但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别。

5.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用，而if一般不能。如：

6.正： Let me know whether you can come or not.

7.误： Let me know if you can come or not.

8.当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。如：

9.正：Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.

10.误：If it is true or not, I can’t tell.

11.whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能。如：

12.正：I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.

13.误：I don’t know if to accept or refuse.

14.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语，但if不能。如：

15.正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

16.误： I worry about if I hurt her feelings.

17. whether可以引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语，而if不能。如：

18.正： It was uncertain whether he would come.

19.误： It was uncertain if he would come.

20.正： His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.

21.误： His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.

22.正： We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.

23.误： We must consider the question if we will take these measures.

5.Worth worthy worthwhile的用法区别

1.固定搭配

【be worth +动名词】某事值得被做

【be worth +n/代】<多指时间，金钱或精力等>

【sth. be worthy to be done】某事值得做……

【sth. be worthy of being done】= sth. be worth doing某事值得做……

【sth. be worthy of +n】〈除金钱，时间，精力以外的其它名词〉

【sth. be worth while】某事值得花时间〈去做〉。

【It is worthwhile to do sth.】花时间去某事是值得的。

【It is worthwhile doing sth.】花时间去某事是值得的。

【sth. be worth one’s/the while】某事值得花时间〈去做〉

【It is worth one’s/the while to do sth.】花时间去某事是值得的。

2.在很多情况下，同一个意思可用几种不同的形式表达。如：

那个地方值得一去。

正：The place is worth a visit.

正：The place is worthy of a visit.

正：The place is worth visiting.

正：It is worth visiting the place.

正：The place is worthy of being visited.

正：The place is worthy to be visited.

正：It is worthwhile visiting the place.

正：It is worthwhile to visit the place.

6.被动语态的基本结构:

7. 1.一般现在时:主语+助动词Be+及物动词的过去分词

一般过去时: 主语+助动词Be的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词

Eg：(1) This kind of computer is made in that company .

(2 ) Flowers were watered yesterday .

8. 2. 以下几种情况用被动语态：

( 1)不清楚谁是动作执行者时.eg：My book has been stolen.

(2 )没有必要或不想说出动作执行者时.eg：Flowers are grown well there.

(3 )强调动作的承受者时; eg: The CD-ROM has been sold out.

3.及物动词能够成被动语态,不及物动词不能够成被动语态.只有这些,不及物动词与

介词或副词构成不可分割的短语,并且带有宾语时,才能用被动语态.

Eg: The children are looked after very well in the school .

4.有些动词带有双宾语,变成被动语态时,两个宾语都可以作被动语态中的主语,但间

接宾语作主语的较多.

Eg; Kitty gives me an apple. (改成被动式)

An apple is given to me

5.有些动词后接不定式作宾语原可省“to”的，变被动语态时要加上“to”。

Eg ；Her mother makes her read English once a day 。（变被动式）

She is made to read English once a day 。

（例如感官动词和使役动词：hear ，watch ，make ，help ，let ，see ，have ……）

6.一些有关被动语态的知识点；

一般将来时：will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词

现在进行时：am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词

过去进行时：were / was being + 及物动词的过去分词

现在完成时：have / has been + 及物动词的过去分词

过去完成时：had / been + 及物动词的过去分词

现在完成时

1.现在完成时的关键词归纳

关键词释

义

用于……位置例句

already 已经肯定句(否定、疑

问句换成yet)句中(has/have和过

去分词之间)

句末

I have already done my homework.

yet已经否定句

疑问句句末Mr and Mrs Li haven’t come ba ck

yet.

Have you finished your homework

yet

for/肯定句否定句疑

问句句中(一段时间前)Eddie has lived with Millie for

four years.

since自从肯定句否定句疑

问句句中(一点时间前)Eddie has lived with Millie since

he was born.

ever曾经疑问句肯定句

(跟最高级连用)句中(has/have和过

去分词之间)

Have you ever been to France

This is the best novel that he has

ever written.

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。此类动词常见的如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。

注：1. 非延续动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。