过去分词作宾语补足语 学案
过去分词作宾语补足语
概念引入
上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子：
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United
Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government.
3. You find most of the population settled in the south.
4. They found the window broken.
5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。
用法讲解
宾语补足语是同学们学习英语的一个小难点，许多同学都弄不清到底什么是宾语补足语，它的作用是什么，所以我们今天就从宾语补足语讲起，重点讲解过去分词作宾语补足语的内容。
什么是宾语补足语
英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。
1. 作补足语的词语：
1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。
（名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be）
2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。
（形容词作宾语补足语）
3）I saw the kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。
（副词作宾语补足语）
4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place.
他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。
（介词短语作宾语补足语）
5）Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。
(省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）
6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。
（动词-ing形式做宾语补足语）
7）The soft music makes us relaxed. 这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。
（过去分词作宾语补足语）
【补充】英语的六种基本句型：
英语的最基本的句型有6种，其他的句子都是由这6种句型转换来的。
1）主语＋谓语
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
主语谓语
2）主语+系动词+表语
The work seemed difficult to us.
主语系动词表语
3）主语+谓语+宾语
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.
主语谓语宾语
4）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
Our hotel serves you breakfast in your room.
主语谓语宾语宾语
（间接）（直接）
5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
They saw little Tom being punished by his parents.
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
6）There be结构
There is a small village below the mountain.
谓语主语
注意：没有划线的部分是定语或者状语，如“in my hometown”是地点状语，而修饰名词“Farmers”后的“in our area”是定语。
2. 宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系
1）They named the black dog Arrow. 他们命名这只黑狗“Arrow”。
（我们可以说“The little dog is Arrow.”，所以宾语the little dog和补足语Arrow是逻辑上的主谓关系。）
2）I noticed a little girl drawing under the tree. 我注意到一个小女孩在树下画画。
（小女孩在画画，即宾语补足语的动作是女孩做的，宾语与补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系，而且是主动的，用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语）
3）We should keep him informed of what is going on here.
我们必须让他了解这里发生的事。
（他被告知某事，说明宾语“他”与补足语“告知”是被动的主谓关系，也称为“动宾关系，即动词及其宾语的关系”，用过去分词作宾语补足语）
3. 主语补足语
含有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句时，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。
He was found sleeping under the tree. 他被发现正在树下睡觉。
（补充说明主语，与主语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，是主语补足语）
4. 介词的宾语补足语
有些介词的宾语有时也需有补足语，构成介词宾语的复合结构。
We were all excited, with the bonfire burning late into the night.
篝火一直烧到深夜，我们都很兴奋。
（burning作介词with的宾语the bonfire的补足语）
过去分词作宾语补足语的意义：
过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，宾语是其逻辑主语，一般是过去分词动作的承受者，即逻辑上的被动关系。
【高清课堂：Unit 2语法精讲作宾语补足语26：02-29：25】
1）I saw his eyes fixed on me with curiosity. 我看见他的眼睛盯着我，充满了好奇。
解析：
过去分词fixed的用法是易错处。fix译成“盯着”，一些同学会误认为“眼睛正盯着”为什么用fixed，而不用fixing呢？实际上，应该是“I fixed my eyes on...”，即“我让我的眼睛盯着......”，所以变成被动时应该是“My eyes are fixed on...”，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。另外，这里过去分词不表示完成的动作，而表示状态。再如：
The glass is broken.
此句中broken表示摔碎的状态。还要注意不能用being fixed，因为being fixed表示瞬间的动作，而没有表示出过程。
2）We want the work finished by Saturday. 我们想要工作周六前完成。
解析：想要工作被完成，用finished。要分析宾语与补足语间的主被动关系。
3）She heard the front door shut. 她听见前门被关上了。
解析：shut的三个形式（原形、过去式、过去分词）一样，此处shut是过去分词，因为是人关上了门。
4）We found the house deserted. 我们发现这所房子被废弃了。
解析：desert 意为“抛弃、遗弃”，Somebody deserts the house. 因此是...the house deserted.
5）I felt myself called upon to do something to help.
我感觉我被召唤着要做点事情来帮忙。
解析：我感觉我自己被别人或者一种神秘的力量感召着，来做事情。因此是“被叫”。■
从上述的例子来看，作宾语补足语的过去分词大多数来自及物动词，强调被动或完成。但也有少数来自不及物动词，强调动作完成后的状态。
What are you going to do with everyone gone? 大家都走了，你怎么办？
能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice；think（认为）, consider, find等
We saw the thief caught by the police. 我看见小偷被警察抓住了。
We thought the game lost. 我们认为球赛输了。
2. 表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等。
Don’t leave such an important thing undone. 不要让这么重要的事没有人做。
He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
3. 表示“希望、要求、命令”等动词，如：want, wish, like, expect, order等
I want the house white-washed before we move in. 我想要房子在我搬进去之前粉刷完。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.
他不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。
过去分词作宾语补足语 学案
过去分词作宾语补足语 概念引入 上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子： 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government. 3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken. 5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. 这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。 用法讲解 宾语补足语是同学们学习英语的一个小难点，许多同学都弄不清到底什么是宾语补足语，它的作用是什么，所以我们今天就从宾语补足语讲起，重点讲解过去分词作宾语补足语的内容。 什么是宾语补足语 英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。 1. 作补足语的词语： 1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。 （名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be） 2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。 （形容词作宾语补足语） 3）I saw the kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。 （副词作宾语补足语） 4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place. 他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。 （介词短语作宾语补足语） 5）Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。 (省略不定式符号to的动词不定式） 6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。 （动词-ing形式做宾语补足语） 7）The soft music makes us relaxed. 这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。 （过去分词作宾语补足语） 【补充】英语的六种基本句型： 英语的最基本的句型有6种，其他的句子都是由这6种句型转换来的。
过去分词作宾补
Grammar Unit2 过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补用法归纳 英语中过去分词可作宾补，即：过去分词放在宾语（名词或代词）后面作补语，构成复合宾语，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 1）表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, find, hear, feel, notice, 等。 ①We saw the thief caught by the police. ②People found the water polluted. ③Have you heard a pop song sung in English? ④I heard my name called. ⑤The rich man felt himself cheated. ⑥We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. 我们可以听到大雨敲打窗户的声音。 ⑦I observed all the rooms broken into. 注意：see, hear, watch, notice 等动词后既可以加v-ing 也可以用do（不带to的不定式）,还可以跟done，但三者之间有区别: 用v-ing 表示动作正在发生,即发生的过程还没有结束; 用do强调动作发生的全过程，即动作全过程结束了,用done 表示宾语与宾补之间时被动的关系 ①I saw her come into the classroom.我看到他进了教室。 ②I saw her coming into the classroom.我看他正在走进教室。 ③I saw her taken out of the classroom.我看到她被带出了教室。 2）表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get等。 如：make sth. done:让……被…… make oneself done. 让某人自己被…….或( 让别人……) get sth. done have sth. done 温馨提示： 让某人做某事:have sb. do sth./ get sb. to do sth. ①We have made our views known to them.我们已经使他们知道了我们 的观点。 ②As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood. ③I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 ④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 ⑤They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. ⑥we will make ourselves understood in one day.
过去分词做宾补常见结构归纳
过去分词做宾补常见结构归纳 一、在make, get, have, keep等表示“致使”意义的动词中： 1、“have”+ 宾语+ -ed 分词有三种情况 (1)We had the engine repaired. 我们已经把发动机修理了。（表示完成一件事情，不一定自己 亲自动手做，也许请别人做）。 (2)He had his leg broken when he was climbing the tree. 当他爬树的时候把腿伤了。（表示 “遭受”，并非有意去做）。 (3)He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷。（表示“遭受经济损失”，不由自主，自己是 受害者。） 2、“make”+ 宾语+-ed分词 The news made me disappointed. 这个消息使我失望。 What made them so frightened? 是什么使他们如此害怕？ She managed to make herself understood in English. 她讲英语设法让别人明白她的意思。 They are determined to make their voice heard. 他们决心让别人听见他们的声音。 You’ve made her embarrassed with your question. 你的问题使她很尴尬。 Let’s make it known to all that there must be less empty talk and more hard work. 我们要让大家知道：少空谈，多勤奋。 This has made them interested in Marxism. 这已经使他们对马克思主义产生兴趣。 You should make your views known. 你应该让大家知道你的观点。 You must make yourself respected. 你必须树立自己的尊严。 3、“get”+ 宾语+-ed分词 She got her tooth pulled out. 她把自己的一颗牙拔掉了。 Nowadays we got women trained as truck drivers. 现在我们培训女士当卡车司机。 The nurse hurriedly got the children dressed. 护士匆匆忙忙给孩子们穿上了衣服。 It was so cold that the driver couldn’t get the car started. 天气太冷了，以至于司机无法将车子启动。 4、“keep”+ 宾语+-ed分词 Please keep us informed of the latest development. 请随时将最新进展告知我们。 He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was. 他闭上眼睛，呆在原来的地方。 And she keeps the food locked up. 她将食品锁了起来。
不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别
不少英语语法书上认为英语中的感官动词如feel, hear, see, look at, listen to, notice, watch等后要跟复合宾语，即"宾语+宾语补足语"并举例说：I heard him speak.我听了他的发言句中的不带to的不定式speak表示已发过言了，表示一个完成的动作I heard him speaking.我听见他在说话句中的现在分词speaking表示"正在说话"笔者认为上述的解释是不正确的下面谈谈自己的一点肤浅见解，与同行们探讨 如果按上述I heard him speak.句中的解释，speak表示"一个完成的动作"，"讲过话了"，在我听的时候，speak怎么会是一个完成的动作呢?按理可推，I heard her singing.能理解为说话的此刻她还在唱歌吗? 由此可见，"一个完成的动作"是对哪个时间参照点而言，如果是对说话的此刻而言，那么，当hear,feel,notice,watch等为过去时，不管是不带to的动词不定式，还是现在分词都表示"完成的动作" 如果hear,feel,notice,see,watch等为一般现在时或一般将来时，则不带to的不定式不可能是"一个完成的动作"如：We want to come and hear you play.能解释为说话的此刻，play是"一个已完成的动作(已演出过了)"吗? 在语言的运用中，实际上不带to的动词不定式表示整个活动(a complete activity, a complete action或a whole action)，而现在分词表示正在进行的动作(an activity in progress)或者不管是不是全过程试比较： I saw him change the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子(意味着我看到了整个动作过程) I saw him changing the wheel of his car.我看见他换汽车轮子(可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分) 又如：I saw him cross the road.是指"我看到他穿过马路的整个过程"(从离开人行道到另一侧的人行道)，而I saw him crossing the road.则是指"我看到他正在穿越马路"再比较下列动
分词作宾语补足语
分词 分词作宾语补足语。 1．现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。 在5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。，此外find, catch, keep, have .I heard a girl crying next door. I heard someone knocking at the door. He kept me waiting for a long time. I saw Tom entering the room. I found my key lost. I found the boy beaten black and blue. He made himself understood. John will get his room painted. Exercises1: 1) I heard my name ________________ ( call). 2) His voice was too low to make himself ________________(hear) . 3) We found the eggs_________________( eat) by the snake. 4) You’d better have/get your hair ______________ ( cut). 5) I had my left arm________________(break) yesterday. ExercisesII: 141. She was glad to see her child well __________. A. take care of B. taken care of C. taken care D. taking care of 142. Why do you stand and watch the milk __________. A. boiling B. boiled C. from boiling D. having been boiled 143. I’ve heard him __________ about you often. A. spoke B. speaking C. speak D. to speak 144. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word __________. A. speaking B. spoken C. speak D. being spoken 145. Walking along the river, we heard someone __________ for help. A. shouting B. shout C. shouted D. having shouted 146. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart __________. A. jumping B. beating C. bumping D. knocking 147. ---“Do you smell anything unusual?” ---“Yes. I can smell something __________.” A. burning B. is burning C. having burnt D. burn 148. Why do you have the water __________ all the time? A. ran B. to be running C. running D. being running 149. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth __________. A. filling B. having been filled C. filled D. full 150. I can’t ______ you running up and down all day long. A. permit B. let C. have D. allow 151. Is there anything you want from town? I’m going to get __________. A. those letters mailed B. mailed letters C. to mailed those letters D. those letters mail 152. The teacher got the students __________ all the words they didn’t know. A. looked up B. looking in C. to look up D. look at 153. What did the school master want __________ to the noisy children? A. doing B. to do C. done D. did
过去分词作介词的宾语
1. 介词后接过去分词作宾语的用法非常少见，主要见于某些固定搭配或特殊结构，比如当as表示“当作”“按照”时，就可后接某些过去分词。如： We can’t regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。 I finished the work as requested. 我按要求完成了工作。 He had failed to visit her as promised. 他没有按他的诺言来看望她。 Not all of them had gone well, and fewer still had gone as planned. 并非所有的事情都进展顺利，按计划进行的则更少。 Owing to the rain the garden party did not take place as advertised. 由于下雨，游园会没有按照广告说的时间举行。 2. 另一个比较典型的固定搭配是take…for granted（认为……是当然的，想当然地认为）。如： Don’t take his kindness for granted. 不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。 We must not take it for granted that the board of the directors will approve of the investment plan. 我们决不可想当然地认为董事会一定会批准这个投资计划的。 3. 注意，介词后接过去分词的用法是非常有限的，除一些特殊表达外，在其他情况下介词后通常不直接跟过去分词作宾语，若语义上需要接过去分词（表被动），可考虑使用“being+过去分词”，如以下各句中的being不能省略： He once did it without being caught. 他有次这样做而未被人抓住。 Who prevented the plan from being carried out? 谁阻止这个计划的实现的? Instead of being criticized, he ought to be praised. 他不应受到批评而应受到赞扬。 She looked surprised at being asked such a question. 有人问她这样的问题她感到惊讶。 On being introduced, British people often shake hands. 英国人被介绍给别人的时候常常和对方握手。 After being informed the flight would be delayed, we made other arrangements. 在我们得知飞机要推迟起飞后，我们另作了安排。 【注】有的介词后接过去分词，实际上是由从属连接所引导的从句省略“主语和动词be”后所导致的结果： Leave in oven until cooked. 放在烤箱里一直到烤熟。（可视为在as后省略了it is） It usually happens as described above. 情况通常就像上面描述的那样发生了。（可视为在as后省略了it is）
现在分词做宾语补足语
现在分词做宾语补足语 现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，其结构为： 主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。使用此结构要特别注意： 句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系，并不是所有的动词都可以跟宾语加现在分词作宾语补足语。掌握现在分词作宾语补足语的结构要注意下面的五点。 一、感官动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词做宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。例如： He saw her working in the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活。 分析： “He”在句子中做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子，working in the garden宾语补足语。 I heard a bell ring.我听见铃在响。 I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。 高中范围内，适用于“感官动词+宾语+现在分词”的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有： feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等。 在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。例如： Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。 She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里。 二、使役动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语。例如： His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思。
过去分词作宾补的用法
关于过去分词作宾补的用法 过去分词在句子中可作表语、定语、状语、补语（主补、宾补）等。下面就过去分词作宾补的用法作一总结。 一、能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。(3)I”ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。(4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(5)Don”t leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。 3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。(6)I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。(7)I wish my homework finished before five o”clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。 二、过去分词作宾补表示的意义。
1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。 2. 过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pull out his tooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。 三、过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。 1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了） 第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历） 2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如：The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。The meeting room was found thouroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现会议室被彻底 打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
过去分词作宾语补足语填空完成句子专题练习
过去分词作宾语补足语专题训练 人教版必修5 Unit 2课文中过去分词作宾语补足语经典范例： Text 1 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales ___________ as well. (include) 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland ___________ in the same peaceful way. (connect) Text 2 1. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels________special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.(guard) 2. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo _______ standing on either side of the line.(take) 过去分词作宾语补足语基本结构： see/hear/find/feel/have/make/keep/get/want/wish/would/like/with等+ sth(通常是物)+ V-ed（动词过去分词） 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.I'd like to see the plan ________ (carry) out. 2.At that moment, I saw him _________ (cross) the road. 3.I was glad to see the children well _______ (take) care of. 4.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _____ (speak) as much as we can. 5.She raised her voice to make herself ________ (hear) by all the people in the hall. 6.I was surprised to find my hometown _________ (change) so much. 7.He got his tooth _________ (pull) out yesterday. 8.I heard an English song ________ (sing) by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. 9.It's wrong of you to leave the machine _________ (run) all the time. 10.While walking along the street, I heard my name ________ (call). 11.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ________ (lose) for words. 12.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ (remind) of his own dreams. 13.Claire had her luggage _________ (check) an hour before her plane left. 14.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _________ (amuse) with her stories. 15.Alexander tried to get his work __________ (recognize) in the medical circles. 16.I'm glad to see that you had your moustache ________ (shave) off. 17.I got the story ________ (write) in French. Mr. White did it. 18.Our manager left the problem _________ (unsettle). 19.Please keep us _________ (inform) of the latest situation. 20.He had the boy _________ (throw) out the rubbish. 21.The fertilizers will make the vegetables __________ (grow) big and strong. 22.As a guard you should not let strangers ________ (enter) the gym. 23.The peasants were often made __________ (work) from morning till night. 24.The chemistry teacher let me ________ (enter ) for the chemistry competition. 25.We will send a guard _________ (guard) your school. He 's been stationed at the gate. 26.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his words _________ (understand). 27.The scientists were waiting to see the problem _________ (settle). 28.He reads newspapers every day to keep himself _________ (inform) about what's going on in the world.
过去分词作定语宾补
基础过关：过去分词(表示和被动的动作) 是有形容词.副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语 一.过去分词作定语 过去分词做定语,表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,单一的确过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句 The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉. The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错 (1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语： --She threw me a quick, frightened glance.他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼 --His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情 举一反三 amaze,embarrass,interest,excite,disappoint,encourage,move,surprise,astonish,delight,f righten,inspire,please,puzzle,terrify,shock,satisfy,worry,confuse, amuse, tire等。这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词，它们常常用来修饰人 （2）过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后，作用相当于一个定语从句：What’s the language spoken in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言？Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子 二。过去分词作表语 表示主语的状态且该状语通常是由外界因素引起的, 这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词，他并没有“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态。 I'm interested in reading novels, written by Jin Yong. 我对金庸的小说很感兴趣. 常见的还有: be surprised, be astonished, be amazed, be moved, be exhausted, be worried, be devoted, be pleased, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited, be delighted, be satisfied, be scared, be frightened, be disappointed
过去分词作宾语补足语
Unit2 The United Kingdom过去分词作宾语补足语 The past participle as the Object Complement 过去分词在句中可以作1.定语2.表语3.宾语补足语4.状语 a lighted candle 、a broken heart、fallen leaves、 cooked food、honored people 他写的小说很畅销。 The novel written by him sells well.过去分词短语作后置定语表被动和完成 坐在那的那个人是我的叔叔。（seat） The man seated there is my uncle.过去分词短语作后置定语表状态不表被动 他看起来很着急。He looked worried. 过去分词作表语表状态 我的眼镜破了。My glasses are broken .过去分词作表语表状态 1）Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. find + object+ past participle 2）… to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. get + object+ past participle 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make, consider, keep, see , find, call, get, have, let等。 We think him clever. What he said made me angry. We consider the answer correct. Everyone calls him Tom. 宾语补足语的表示法 1.His father named him Jack. ( 名词) 2.They painted their house white.(形容词) 3.You mustn’t force him to go at once.（不定式） 4. Nobody noticed him enter the room.（不定式短语） 5. We saw her entering the room. (现在分词或其短语) 5. We must get the work finished by 10 o’clock.(过去分词) 6. We take English as a useful tool for research work.用介词引出） 7. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.（介词短语） 8. Let the fresh air in.（副词） 9. The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will. (从句) 过去分词作宾语补足语，表示动作已经完成或结束。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的意
必修5-unit2过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是过去分词动作的对象，过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种： ▼过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面 例：1. They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。 2. Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time. 不要让窗户一直像这样破着。 ▼“have+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义。用于第一种情况的动词还有make,let等。 1）表示“让别人做某事” 例：1.I have had my bike repaired. 我让人修了我的自行车。 2. The villagers had many trees planted just then. 就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树。 2）表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”。 例：My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month. 上个月我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。 【随即随练】用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.He went away without saying anything, leaving(leave)usstanding(stand)outside. 2.Mr.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had repaired (repair)went wrong again. 3.I wonder if this is the computer you want to have repaired (repair). 4.Children’s being addicted to the Internet gets their parents worried (worry). ▼在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。 例：1.I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。 2.They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. 他们用了很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。 ▼过去分词常用在感官动词watch,see,hear,listen to, notice, feel等的后面 例：1.When we got to school,we saw the door locked. 当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。 2.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. 我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。
分词做主语补足语
非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。此处重点讲解分词作主语补足语的情况。 难点形成原因： 1.分不清什么是补足语。 2.分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。 3.遇到时容易和其他知识点混淆。 4.练得不多、用得不熟。 解决办法： 通过练习强化，多做题,通过做练习，慢慢渗透。 用法讲解： 一、概念 分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语（n./pron.）+ 宾语补足语（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介词短语共7种表示法） 该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如： A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.（2003年全国卷）此句中 smoking 是主语 he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。 A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen. 此句中 smoking 是宾语 him 的补足语，所以称为宾语补足语。 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语（宾语）补足语 分词作主语（宾语）补足语时，若主语（宾语）与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动；如果主语（宾语）与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如： He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing. 主语 he 与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系, 故用现在分词 singing。 One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken. 主语 one of the glasses 与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词 broken。 Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth.（2004年天津卷） The water is running. 宾语 the water 与补足语“淌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分 词 running。 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词