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(完整版)食品专业英语词汇

(完整版)食品专业英语词汇
(完整版)食品专业英语词汇

食品专业英语常用词汇

海南大学食品学院编

2007.09.26

化学名词中常用的数目词头

1/2 hemi, semi 19 nonadeca

1 mono, uni 20 eicosa

2 di, bi, bis 21 heneicosa

3 tri, ter 22 docosa

4 tetra, quadri 23 tricosa

5 penta,quinqui,quinque 24 tetracosa

6 hexa, sexi 25 pentacosa

7 hepta, septi 26 hexocosa

8 octa 27 heptacosa

9 ennea, nona 28 octacosa

10 deca 29 nonacosa

11 undeca, hendeca 30 triaconta

12 dodeca 31 hentriaconta

13 trideca 40 tetraconta

14 tetradeca 50 pentaconta

15 pentadeca 60 hexacoonta

16 hexadeca 70 heptaconta

17 heptadeca 80 octaconta

18 octadeca 90 enneaconta 1、词头

mono- 一uni- 一bi- 二di- 二tri- 三tertio- 三tertrial- 三tetra- 四quart- 四penta- 五hexa- 六hepta- 七octa- 八nona- 九deca- 十undeca- 十一dodeca- 十二trideca- 十三tetradeca- 十四pentadeca- 十五hexadeca- 十六Heptadeca- 十七Octadeca- 十八Nonadeca- 十九Arachidic- 二十Methyl- 甲基Ethyl- 乙基Propyl- 丙基

Butyl- 丁基

Amyl- 戊基

Hexyl- 己基

Heptyl- 庚基

Octyl- 辛基

Nonyl- 壬基

Decyl- 癸基

Cyclo- 环

Iso- 异

Hemi- 半

Semi- 半

Hemo- 血

Homo- 同

Holo- 完全

Heter(o)- 杂,异,其它

Ov- 卵

alkane 烷烃

paraffin 石蜡

olefin 石蜡

alkene 烯烃

alkyne 炔烃

alcohol 醇

ketone 酮

aldehyde 醛

phenol 酚

ether 醚

acid 酸

ester 酯

amine 胺

amide 酰胺

acylhalide 酰卤

halide 卤代物

quinone 醌

hyper- 过于,超,极度super- 过于,超,极度hypo- 次,亚,在…之下per- 高oligo- 寡,少数的ortho- 正-,邻-,(o-)meta- 偏-,间-,(m-) para- 傍-,对-,副- normal 正-

trans 反-

cis 顺-

benzyl 苄基

benzoyl 苯甲酰(基)acetyl 乙酰基propionyl 丙酰基

butyryl 丁酰基

thionyl 亚硫酰基

thio- 硫-

sulfonyl- 磺酰

fluoro- 氟代

chloro- 氯代

iodo- 碘代

bromo- 溴代

hydroxyl(l)- 羟基

carboxy(l)- 羧基

carbony(l)- 羰基

alkyl 烷基

alkoxyl 烷氧基

amido 酰胺基

amino 氨基

imino 亚氨基sulfhydryl 巯基guanidino 胍基imidazole 咪唑基methylol 羟甲基methylene 亚甲基primary 伯-,一级secondary 仲-,二级tertiary 叔-,三级quaternary 季-,四级

2、词尾

-ane -烷-ene -烯-yne -炔-enol -烯醇-ol -醇-al -醛-aldehyde -醛-one -酮-amine -胺-amide -酰胺

-imine -亚胺

-ate -盐,-酯-ester -酯

-ether -醚

-ide -酐,-化- -ite -亚盐

-itol -糖醇

-oside -糖苷-onic -酮酸,-糖酸-ose -醛糖

-ulose -酮糖

-an -聚糖

-yl -基

-genin -配基

-ase -酶

3有机酸与核苷酸

Formic acid 甲酸

Acetic a. 乙酸

Propionic a. 丙酸

Butyric a. 丁酸

Caproic a. 己酸

Heptoic a. 庚酸

Caprylic a. 辛酸

Capric a. 癸酸

Lauric a. 月桂酸

Myristic a. 肉豆蔻酸Palmitic a. 棕榈酸(软脂酸)Palmitoleic a. 棕榈油酸

Stearic a. 硬脂酸

Oleic a. 油酸

Linoleic a. 亚油酸

Linolenic a. 亚麻酸eicosanoic 花生酸,二十烷酸Arachidonic 花生四烯酸butannoic 丁酸

hexanoic 己酸heptylate, heptanoate 庚酸

octanoic, octoic 辛酸

decanoic 癸酸dodecanoic 十二酸tetradecanoic 十四酸hexadecanoic 十六酸

9-hexadecenoic 十六-9-烯酸octadecanoic 十八酸

9-octadecenoic 十八-9-烯酸

9,12,15-octadecatrienoic 十八碳三烯酸Arachidic 二十酸

5,8,11,14-eicostetraenoic 二十碳四烯酸13-docosenoic 二十二碳-13-烯酸Citric 柠檬酸

Lactic 乳酸

Acetic 乙酸,醋酸Malic 苹果酸

Tartaric 酒石酸

Oxalic 草酸

Amber 琥珀酸

Fumaric 富马酸

Succinic 琥珀酸

Tannic 丹宁酸

Tannin 单宁

Benzoic 苯甲酸

Sorbic 山梨酸Adenosine(A) 腺苷Guanosine(G) 鸟苷

Cyridine(C) 胞苷

Uridine(U) 尿苷

Thymine(Thy) 胸腺嘧啶Cytosine(Cyt) 胞嘧啶

Uracil(Ura) 尿嘧啶

Nucleic acid 核酸Nucleotide 核苷酸Ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸Deoxyribonucleic 脱氧核糖核酸Nucleoside 核苷

Ribose 核糖

Purine 嘌呤

Adenine(Ade) 腺嘌呤

Guanine(Gua) 鸟嘌呤Pyrimidine 嘧啶

4糖类与脂类

furanose 呋喃糖pyranose 吡喃糖arabinose 阿拉伯糖xylose 木糖

ribose 核糖glucose 葡萄糖fructose 果糖galactose 半乳糖mannose 甘露糖sorbose 山梨糖fucose 岩藻糖galacturonic acid 半乳糖醛酸glucuronic acid 葡萄糖醛酸oligosaccharide 寡糖

oligose 寡糖polysaccharide 多糖polyose 多糖mucopolysaccharide 粘多糖sucrose 蔗糖maltose 麦芽糖isomaltose 异麦芽糖dextrin 糊精cyclodextrin 环状糊精amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉glycogen 糖原cellulose 纤维素hemicellulose 半纤维素pectic substances 果胶质protopectin 原果胶levulose 左旋糖dextrose 右旋糖monosaccharide 单糖monose 单糖monosaccharose 单糖disaccharide 双糖disaccharose 双糖

triose 三碳糖tetrose 四碳糖aldose 醛糖

Ketose 酮糖homoglycan 同(均)聚糖heteroglycan 杂聚糖

glycan 聚糖

glycosan 聚糖

glucan 葡聚糖fructosan 果聚糖

xylan 木聚糖mannan 甘露聚糖hexosan 己聚糖glycoside 糖苷,配糖物glucosyl 葡萄糖(基)glycerol 甘油

glycerine 甘油

glycoritol 甘油酸盐glycerate 甘油糖醇sorbitol 山梨糖醇glucitol 葡萄糖醇xylitol 木糖醇mannitol 甘露糖醇syrup 糖浆

golden syrup 糖蜜,佐餐糖浆molasses (废)糖蜜caramel 焦糖,酱色molasses mass 废糖蜜浆caramelize 焦糖化saturated fatty acid 饱和脂肪酸glyceride 甘油酯glycerin ester 甘油酯triglyceride 甘油三酸酯tristearin 三硬脂酸甘油酯glycerin 单硬脂酸甘油酯triolein 三油酸甘油酯phosphatide 磷脂phospholipid 磷脂glycerophospholipid 甘油磷脂lecithin 卵磷脂cephalin 脑磷脂glycolipid 糖酯

choline 胆碱

inositol 肌醇ethanolamine 乙醇胺

sterol 固醇cholesterol 胆固醇

steroid 类固醇化合物5、分析

reagent 试剂sequestering agent 螯合剂chelating agent 螯合剂qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析methyl red 甲基红methyl orange 甲基橙neutral red 中性红sensuous identification 感观鉴定optical analysis 光学分析accuracy 准确度precision 精密度deviation 偏差error 误差visible - ultraviolet 可见-紫外absorbance 吸光度spectral curve 光谱曲线titrimetry 滴定分析standard curve 标准曲线standardization 标定fluorometry 荧光分析法fluorescence 荧光spectrometry 光谱测定法mass spectrometry 质谱法volumetric flask 容量瓶beaker 烧杯

flask 烧瓶conical flask 三角瓶graduated cylinder 量筒funnel 漏斗desiccator 干燥器desiccant 干燥剂drying oven 烘箱defecate 用石灰澄清defect 缺陷,疵病

6、无机盐

sodium carbonate 碳酸钠sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠sodium bisulphate 硫酸氢钠Sodium bisulphate 亚硫酸氢钠phosphite 亚磷酸盐phosphate 磷酸盐disodium phosphate 磷酸氢二钠phosphide 磷化物Mono-sodium phosphate 磷酸氢钠nitrate 硝酸盐Nitrite 亚硝酸盐Sulphur(S) 硫Sulphuric acid 硫酸Sulphate(sulfate) 硫酸盐Sulphurous acid 亚硫酸Sulphite(sulfite) 亚硫酸盐Sulphide(sulfide) 硫化物oxide 氧化物fluoride 氟化物fluorine 氟chloride 氯化物chlorine(Cl) 氯bromide 溴化物bromine(Br) 溴

iodide 碘化物iodine(I) 碘carbide 碳化物silicate 硅酸盐iodate 碘酸盐Chloride 漂白粉bleaching powder 漂白粉high test hypochlorite 漂白精Hypochlorite 次氯酸盐Perchlorate 高氯酸盐Chlorate 正氯酸盐Hydroxide 氢氧根离子Chlorinity 氯含量Cyanide 氰化物Cyanic acid 氰酸

7食品化学

emulsifier 乳化器,乳化剂emulsion 乳浊液Glycerin monostearate 单硬脂酸甘油酯Soybean phospholipid 大豆磷脂spicery 香料,佐料seasoning 佐料,调味料seasoner 佐料,调味料Seasoning matter 佐料,调味料Sweet orange oil 甜橙油Mandarin oil 橘子油

Lemon oil 柠檬油Spearmint oil 薄荷油

vanillin 香兰素

maltol 麦芽酚ethylmaltol 乙基麦芽酚Active carbon 活性碳diatomaceous 硅藻土

kaolin 高岭土,白陶土antifoamer 消泡剂antiadhesive 抗粘着剂

Anti-caking agent 抗结块剂Benzyl acetate 乙酸苄酯antimold 防霉剂Isoamyl acetate 乙酸异戊酯Antiseptic agent 消毒剂Sweetener 甜味剂Antitoxic 解毒剂Thickener 增稠剂Synergist 增效剂Sodium alginate 海藻酸钠Stabilizer 稳定剂carboxy methyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线desorption 解吸resorption 回吸

moisture 湿度,水分centrifugate 离心

clarify 澄清,净化clarification 澄清,净化homogenize 均质,均化homogenate 匀浆

emulsify 乳化

Deshell 脱壳Decorticate 脱皮

Degum 脱胶

Defatting 脱脂

Dehull 脱壳

Degrease 脱脂Hygroscopicity 吸湿性

Diffusion 扩散性

Viscosity 粘性,粘度Volatility 挥发性

Plasticity 可塑性permeability 渗透性Impermeability 不渗透性,气密性Osmotic pressure 渗透压Depolymerize 解聚

Hydrolysis 水解作用Pyrolysis 热解,高温分解Browning 褐变

Rancidity 酸败

Palatability 可口性Lubrication 润滑

Solubility 溶解度/性Solvability 溶解能力

Dipolar 偶极

Dielectric constant 介电常数Equilibrium constant 平衡常数

8 常见食品分类名词

mango 芒果cashew 腰果pomegranate 石榴guava 番石榴Passion fruit 西番莲mandarin(e) 蜜橘,橘orange 橙Litchi, lychee 荔枝longan 龙眼plum 李,梅jujube 枣hawthorn 山楂

papaya 木瓜sugar cane 甘蔗Betel nut, areca 槟榔Chinese mustard 芥菜cinnamon 肉桂clove 丁香menthol 薄荷onion 洋葱ginger 姜scallion 葱chive 细香葱leek 韭菜garlic 蒜头garlic sprouts 蒜苗mustard 芥末spice 香料essence 香精sesame 芝麻soy sauce 酱油beef 牛肉pork 猪肉mutton 羊肉flesh of rabbit/hare 兔肉fish flesh 鱼肉seaweed 海藻laver 紫菜bean curd 豆腐sausage 香肠margarine 人造黄油yogurt 酸奶

yolk 蛋黄Sauerkraut 泡菜pickled cabbage 腌菜Chinese cabbage 大白菜spinach 菠菜eggplant 茄子

bitter melon 苦瓜

bitter gourd 苦瓜cucumber 黄瓜cucumber in soy 酱黄瓜wax gourd

white gourd

冬瓜

冬瓜cantaloup 香瓜,甜瓜pumpkin 南瓜dishcloth gourd 丝瓜

pea 豌豆,青豆soy bean, soya 黄豆,大豆peanut 花生carrot 胡萝卜Chinese radish 萝卜

lotus root 藕Cassava, manioc 木薯

9 微生物学名

Aspergillus 曲霉属

A.flavus 黄曲霉

A.foetidus 臭曲霉

A.niger 黑曲霉

A.oryzae 米曲霉

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0a16694032.html,amii 宇佐美曲霉Absidia 梨头霉属Acetobacter 醋酸杆菌属Agaricus 蘑菇属Bacillus 芽孢杆菌属Bacillus subtilis 枯草芽孢杆菌Brevibacterium 短杆菌属Candida 假丝酵母属Clostridium 梭状芽孢杆菌属Corynebacterium 棒杆菌属Escherichia coli 大肠埃希氏菌Hansenula 汉逊酵母属Lactobacillus 乳杆菌属Mucor 毛霉属Rhizopus 根霉属Rhodotorula 红酵母属Saccharomyces 酿酒酵母属Salmonella 沙门氏菌属streptococcus 乳酸链球菌属Trichoderma 木霉属Trichoderma viride 绿色木霉Willianus 威尔酵母菌

10食品微生物及发酵

diplobacillus 双杆菌

colony 菌落

spore 芽孢,孢子capsule 荚膜bacteriophage 噬菌体

family 科

hypha 菌丝

spore 孢子

Infect 感染,传染Infuse 浸制,泡制Commercial fermentation 工业发酵Feeding 进料

Diffuse 浸提

Corrupt 腐败的,不洁Defoam 消泡

De-esterification 脱脂作用Degeneration 退化

Degrade 退化,降解Depurate 净化,精制Desiccate 干燥

Dextrine 糊精Assimilation 同化作用dissimilation 异化作用nitrification 硝化作用denitrification 反硝化作用Nitrogen fixation 固氮作用Pasteur fixation 巴氏效应fermentability 可发酵性Homofermentation 同型发酵heterofermentation 异型发酵Autolysis 自溶现象Schizogenesis 裂殖

Budding 芽殖Dormancy 休眠

Lag phage 延滞期Decline phase 衰亡期Stationary phase 稳定期Exponential growth 指数生长期Recipient 受体

Log phage 对数生长期Corrosive 腐败性,腐蚀性deastringent 脱涩Clone 克隆

Mutation 突变

Mutant 突变体Mutagenesis 诱变

Mutagen 诱变剂Variation 变异Genotype 基因型Prototroph 原氧型Auxotroph 营养缺陷型nutrient agar 营养琼脂nutrient broth 营养肉烫

bean sprouts medium 豆芽汁培养基agar 琼脂

meat extract 肉膏

beef extract 牛肉膏

malt wort 麦芽汁

yeast extract 酵母膏

agar slant 琼脂斜面contaminant 污染物(杂菌)inoculum 接种物inoculation 接种

inoculate 接种

culture transferring 移菌

aseptic technique 无菌操作cultivation 培养purification 纯化sterilization 灭菌autoclave 高压灭菌tyndallization 间歇分段)灭菌filtration sterilization 过滤除菌inactivate 钝化,灭活incineration 灼烧灭菌pasteurization 巴氏消毒法confection 糖食,糖果candy 糖果,蜜饯colloid 胶体,胶态colloid mill 胶体磨congeal 凝固,冻凝order 目

fungi 真菌

fruiting 子实体exospore 外生孢子

parasexuality 准性生殖actinomycetes 放线菌anaerobe 厌气菌obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌saprophytic bacteria 腐生菌Gram-positive 革兰氏阳性endospore 内生孢子eubacteria 真细菌aerobe 需氧菌facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌coccus 球菌microaerobe 微需氧菌diplococcus 双杆菌tetrads 四联球菌sarcina 八叠球菌coccubacillus 球杆菌flagellum 鞭毛

pilus 菌毛sporicidal 杀死芽孢的gas vacuole 气泡protoplast 原生质体mycophage 真菌噬菌体trypsin 胰蛋白酶tryptic enzyme 姨蛋白酶gelatinase 明胶蛋白酶papain 木瓜蛋白酶inoculating needle 接种针

loop 接种环incubator 培养箱activated sludge 活性污泥immobilized cell 固定化细胞flat-sour spoilage 平罐酸败infectious microbe 杂菌commercial strain 生产用菌株compound barm 混合酵母distillation 蒸馏conversion coefficient 转化率Gram-negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌rod 杆菌Decolorize 脱色Defecated 澄清的Degerming 消毒Denature 变性Deterioration 变质,退化Petri plate 培养皿Mash 醪液Spoilage 酸败,腐败primary fermentation 前发酵solid state fermentation 固态发酵liquid state fermentation 液态发酵secondary fermentation 后发酵shallow tray fermentation 浅盘发酵main fermentation 主发酵submerged fermentation 深层发酵batch fermentation 分批发酵continuous fermentation 连续发酵open fermentation 敞口发酵top fermentation 上面发酵bottom fermentation 下面发酵fermenter 发酵罐seeding tank 种子罐brewing 酿造aging 陈酿acidification 酸化作用antifoam agent 消泡剂acetification 醋化作用saccharification 糖化作用saccharine 糖精sacchariferous agents 糖化剂raw starter 曲

koji 日本酒曲bran koji 麸曲

liquid koji 液体曲medium 培养基Donor 供体

11食品包装

sealing 封口adhension 粘合labeling 加标,贴标bar code 条形码solid fibreboard 硬纸板箱corrugated box 瓦楞纸箱carton 盒

three-piece can 三片罐

jar 坛,广口瓶

bag, pouch, sachet, sack 袋

retort 杀菌,杀菌锅aluminium foil bag 铝袋

crown 王冠盖tamperproof cap 防盗盖

pilfer proof cap 扭断螺纹盖,防盗盖plug 塞子

piston 活塞

package 包装

contents 内装物

flexible package 软包装rigid package 刚性包装transparent package 透明包装See-through package 透明包装Outer package 外包装Exterior package 外包装Inner package 内包装Interior package 内包装domestic package 内销包装export package 出口包装returnable package 回收包装one-way package 不回收包装

12食品工艺与设备

centrifuge 离心机separator 分离机

retort 杀菌器pasteurizer 消毒器gauge 表,计,量规milk gauge 牛乳比重计retort pouch 蒸煮袋vertical 立式horizontal 卧式

plate 板式

rotary 回转式scrapped 刮板式scrapped evaporator 刮板式蒸发器double-pipe 套管式blanching, scald 热烫

lye peeling 碱液去皮juice screw-extractor 螺旋榨汁机spray drying 喷雾干燥grind 研磨,破碎subdivide 粉碎

mill 糖厂,粉碎机colloid mill 胶体磨sterilizer 杀菌器processing in water 常压杀菌commercial sterilization 商业灭菌

ultra high temperature 超高温杀菌(UHTS) baume hydrometer 波美比重计roasting 焙炒

cure 腌制,熏干brine 盐水,卤水rinsed 漂洗

chilling 冷却

pickled 腌制

dip 浸,浸distilled vinegar 白醋

distiller’s grain 酒精

dosage 剂量,补料educt 抽出物,浸提物emulsify 乳化homogenize 均质homogenate 均浆

13食品酶与蛋白质

lipase 脂肪酶lipoxidase 脂肪氧化酶lipoxygenase 脂肪氧合酶decarboxylase 脱羧酶exoenzyme 胞外酶exocellular enzyme 胞外酶endoenzyme 胞内酶endocellular enzyme 胞内酶nuclease 核酸酶ribonuclease 核糖核酸酶tannase 单宁酶cellobiase 纤维二糖酶trypsin 胰蛋白酶pepsin 胃蛋白酶

bromelin 菠萝蛋白酶lipolytic enzyme 脂肪分解酶dehydratase 脱水酶dehydrase 脱水酶cellulose 纤维素酶cellulosic enzyme 纤维素酶lactase 乳糖酶peroxidase 过氧化物酶superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶dehydrogenase 脱氢酶hydroxylase 羟化酶phosphorylase 磷酸化酶phosphorylase 磷酸化酶amylase 胰淀粉酶glucoamylase 葡萄糖淀粉酶scurase 蔗糖酶invertase 转化酶maltase 麦芽糖酶fructosidase 果糖苷酶glucosidase 葡萄糖苷酶

β-glucanase β-葡聚糖酶glycogenase 糖原酶pectase 果胶酶

pectic enzyme 果胶酶

Pectin estrase 果胶酯酶protease 蛋白酶peptidase 肽酶proteolytic enzyme 蛋白质分解酶rennet 凝乳酶

rennin 凝乳酶renase 凝乳酶pancreatin 胰酶chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen 胰凝乳蛋白酶原catalase 过氧化氢酶oxidase 氧化酶oxygenase 加氧酶

kinase 激酶pancreatic amylase 胰淀粉酶liquefying amylase 液化淀粉酶maltase 麦芽糖酶glycogenase 糖原酶

pectin methylesterase 果胶甲酯酶protopectinase 原果胶酶diastase 糖化酶,淀粉酶amylase 糖化酶,淀粉酶diastatic 淀粉酶的covalent backbone 共价主链disulfide linkage/ bridge 二硫键oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶hydrolase 水解酶transferase 转移酶

lyase 裂合酶isomerase 异构酶isoenzyme 同功酶isozyme 同功酶

ligase 连接酶holoenzyme 全酶coenzyme 辅酶prosthetic group 辅基

albumen 蛋白,蛋清,胚乳albumin 清蛋白

casein 酪蛋白glucoprotein 糖蛋白glycoprotein 糖蛋白

gluten 谷蛋白,面筋ovalbumin 卵清蛋白,卵白蛋白ovoglobulin 卵球蛋白immunoprotein 免疫蛋白质immune globulin 免疫蛋白antigen 抗原antibody 抗体histone 组蛋白insulin 胰岛素α-helix α-螺旋configuration 构型conformation 构象

14 氨基酸

Ala Alanine 丙氨酸

Arg Arginine 精氨酸Asn Asparagine 天门冬酰氨Asp Aspartic acid 天门冬氨酸Cys Cysteine 半胱氨酸

Cystine 胱氨酸

Gln Glutamine 谷氨酰胺Glu Glutamic acid 谷氨酸

Gly Glycine 甘氨酸GSH,GSS Glutathione 谷胱甘肽His Histidine 组氨酸Hyp Hydroxy praline 羟脯氨酸Ile Isoleucine 异亮氨酸Leu Leucine 亮氨酸

Lys Lysine 赖氨酸Met Methionine 蛋氨酸Phe Phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸Pro Proline 脯氨酸

Ser Serine 丝氨酸

Thr Threonine 苏氨酸

Try Tryptophan(e) 色氨酸

Tyr Tyrosine 酪氨酸

Val Valine 缬氨酸

Ornithine 鸟氨酸

Citrulline 瓜氨酸

食物英语单词大全

蔬菜与调味品 string bean 四季豆 bean sprout 豆芽 cabbage 包心菜; 大白菜celery 芹菜 leek 韭菜 caraway 香菜 spinach 菠菜 carrot 胡萝卜 loofah 丝瓜 pumpkin 南瓜 bitter gourd 苦瓜 cucumber 黄瓜 white gourd 冬瓜 needle mushroom 金针菇tomato 番茄 eggplant 茄子 potato, 马铃薯 lotus root 莲藕 agaric 木耳 vinegar 醋 peanut oil 花生油 soy sauce 酱油 ginger 生姜 scallion,青葱 green pepper 青椒 pea 豌豆 bamboo shoot 竹笋seasoning 调味品 green soy bean 毛豆 soybean sprout 黄豆芽 mung bean sprout 绿豆芽 kale 甘蓝菜 broccoli 花椰菜 mater convolvulus 空心菜 dried lily flower 金针菜mustard leaf 芥菜 tarragon 蒿菜 beetroot 甜菜根 lettuce 生菜 preserved szechuan pickle 榨菜salted vegetable 雪里红lettuce 莴苣 asparagus 芦荟

dried bamboo shoot 笋干 water chestnut 荸荠 long crooked squash 菜瓜 gherkin 小黄瓜 yam 山芋 taro 芋头 champignon 香菇 dried mushroom 冬菇 white fungus 百木耳 garlic 大蒜 onion 洋葱 wheat gluten 面筋 miso 味噌 caviar 鱼子酱 barbeque sauce 沙茶酱 tomato ketchup, tomato sauce 番茄酱mustard 芥末 salt 盐 sugar 糖 sweet 甜 sour 酸 bitter 苦 lard 猪油 餐类 breakfast 早餐 to have breakfast 吃早餐 lunch 午餐 to have lunch 用午餐 afternoon tea 下午茶(4-5点钟) high tea 午茶,茶点(下午黄昏时) dinner, supper 晚饭 to dine, to have dinner, to have supper 吃晚饭soup 汤 hors d\'oeuvre (正餐前的)开胃食品 entree 正菜 main course 主菜 sweet, dessert 甜食 snack 点心,小吃 helping, portion 份,客 sandwich 三明治,夹肉面包 食品和调味品

00832英语词汇学1107全国试题

全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码:00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30 %) 1. Grammarians insist that a word be a __________ form that can function in a sentence. ( ) A. small B. large C. fixed D. free 2. In the earliest stage of English, the written form of a word should ________ that of the oral form. ( ) A. agree with B. disagree with C. be the same as D. be different from 3. ____________consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine, mathematics, etc. ( ) A. Terminology B. Jargon C. Slang D. Argot 4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT_________. ( ) A. fast food B. TV dinner C. Mao jackets D. Watergate 5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, “loan”, which was prevalent in the thirteenth century, was replaced by “ __________ ” in American English. ( ) A. own B. let C. rent D. lend 6. If we say that Old English was a language of __________ endings, Middle English was one of leveled endings. ( ) A. full B. short C. long D. paralleled 00832# 英语词汇学试卷第1页共6页

食物类英语单词

食物类英语单词 .蔬菜类(Vegetables): Daikon白萝卜 Carrot 胡萝卜 Radish 小胡萝卜 Tomato 蕃茄 Parsnip 欧洲萝卜 Bok-choy小白菜 long napa(suey choy) 大白菜 Spinach菠菜 Cabbage 卷心菜 Potato 马铃薯 russet potato褐色土豆 Sweet potato红薯(红苕) Eggplant茄子 Celery 芹菜 Celery stalk芹菜梗 Asparagus芦笋 Lotus root莲藕 Cilantro芫荽叶 Cauliflower 白花菜 Broccoli 绿花菜 Spring onions(scallion 或green onion)葱Zucchini美洲南瓜(西葫芦) Mushroom 洋菇 Chives Flower韭菜花 shallot葱 Red cabbage 紫色包心菜 Squash(pumpkin)南瓜 acorn squash小青南瓜 Watercress 西洋菜豆瓣菜 Baby corn 玉米尖 Sweet corn 玉米 Bitter melon苦瓜 Beet甜菜 chard甜菜 Onion 洋葱

lima bean 青豆 Brussels sprout 球芽甘蓝(小包菜) Garlic 大蒜 Ginger(root)姜 Leeks韭菜 Scallion(green onion) 葱 Mustard & cress 芥菜苗 Artichoke洋蓟 Escarole 菊苣, 茅菜 Chilly 辣椒 Green Pepper 青椒 Red pepper 红椒 Yellow pepper 黄椒 Courgette小胡瓜,绿皮番瓜(不可生食) Coriander 香菜 Cucumber黄瓜 String bean(green bean)四季豆 Pea豌豆 lima bean青豆 Bean sprout 绿豆芽 Iceberg 透明包菜 Lettuce 生菜 romaine莴苣 Swede or Turnip 芜菁 Okra 秋葵 Taro 大芋头 Eddo 小芋头 yam山药, 洋芋 kale羽衣甘蓝 【食物类及调料的英文词汇】Ac ©食品论坛-- 关注食品安全,探讨食品技术,汇聚行业英才,推动行业发展。EA`v 干豆腐dry bean-curd RbjP^ 冻豆腐bean curd(frozen) bhS10 豆浆bean milk W!a 豆腐花beancurd jelly VlA 春卷fried spring rolls B]5B 柿饼Dried persimmon g@+ 抻面hand-pulled noodles cDjPU>

常用食物类英语单词

几种食物的英文单词 sandwich 三明治hamburger 汉堡 coke 可乐 milk tea 奶茶 hot 热的 cold 冷的 juice 果汁 ham 火腿 egg 蛋 egg biscuit 蛋饼 toast土司 bacon培根肉 soy sauce 酱油 chili sauce 辣椒 straw 吸管 sweet soybean milk 甜豆浆salty soybean milk 咸豆浆steamed bun 馒头 stuffed steamed bun包子rice milk 米浆 orange juice 柳橙汁bread 面包 onion rings 洋葱卷 soup 汤 iced drinks 冰饮lukewarm 温热 fried egg 煎蛋 jam 果酱 strawberry jam 草莓酱orange marmalade桔子酱fresh milk 鲜奶 goat's milk羊奶 fried shredded meat肉松 coffee pot 咖啡壶 coffee cup 咖啡杯 paper towel 纸巾 napkin 餐巾 table cloth 桌布 tea–pot 茶壶 tea set 茶具 tea tray 茶盘caddy 茶罐 dish 碟 plate 盘 saucer 小碟子 rice bowl 饭碗 chopsticks 筷子 soup spoon 汤匙 knife 餐刀 cup 杯子 glass 玻璃杯 mug 马克杯 picnic lunch 便当 fruit plate 水果盘 toothpick 牙签 中餐: bear\'s paw 熊掌 breast of deer 鹿脯 beche-de-mer; sea cucumber 海参sea sturgeon 海鳝 salted jelly fish 海蜇皮 kelp, seaweed 海带 abalone 鲍鱼 shark fin 鱼翅 scallops 干贝 lobster 龙虾 bird\'s nest 燕窝 roast suckling pig 考乳猪 pig\'s knuckle 猪脚 boiled salted duck 盐水鸭preserved meat 腊肉 barbecued pork 叉烧 sausage 香肠 fried pork flakes 肉松 BAR-B-Q 烤肉 meat diet 荤菜 vegetables 素菜 meat broth 肉羹 local dish 地方菜 Cantonese cuisine 广东菜 set meal 客饭 curry rice 咖喱饭 fried rice 炒饭 plain rice 白饭

英语词汇学考试重点整理

Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出,表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by

英语各种食物单词汇总food

食品单词汇总A. 肉品类(鸡, 猪, 牛) Fresh Grade Legs 大鸡腿Fresh Grade Breast 鸡胸肉Chicken Drumsticks 小鸡腿Chicken Wings 鸡翅膀Minced Steak 绞肉Pigs Liver 猪肝Pigs feet 猪脚Pigs Kidney 猪腰Pigs Hearts 猪心Pork Steak 没骨头的猪排Pork Chops 连骨头的猪排Rolled Porkloin 卷好的腰部瘦肉Rolled Pork Belly 卷好的腰部瘦肉连带皮Pork sausage meat 做香肠的绞肉Smoked Bacon 醺肉Pork Fillet 小里肌肉Spare Rib Pork chops 带骨的瘦肉Spare Rib of Pork 小排骨肉Pork ribs 肋骨可煮汤食用Black Pudding 黑香肠Pork Burgers 汉堡肉Pork-pieces 一块块的廋肉Pork Dripping 猪油滴Lard 猪油Hock 蹄膀Casserole Pork 中间带骨的腿肉Joint 有骨的大块肉Stewing Beef 小块的瘦肉Steak & Kidney 牛肉块加牛腰Frying steak 可煎食的大片牛排Mimced Beef 牛绞肉Rump Steak 大块牛排Leg Beef 牛键肉OX-Tail 牛尾OX-heart 牛心OX-Tongues 牛舌Barnsley Chops 带骨的腿肉Shoulder Chops 肩肉Porter House Steak 腰上的牛排肉Chuck Steak 头肩肉筋、油较多Tenderised Steak 拍打过的牛排Roll 牛肠Cowhells 牛筋Pig bag 猪肚Homeycome Tripe 蜂窝牛肚Tripe Pieces 牛肚块Best thick seam 白牛肚 sandwich 三明治|hamburger 汉堡ham 火腿egg biscuit 蛋饼toast 土司 coke 可乐milk tea 奶茶juice 果汁soy sauce 酱油chili sauce 辣椒油 steamed bun 馒头stuffed steamed bun 包子bread 面包Clay oven rolls烧饼Fried bread stick 油条 drink 饮料rice milk 米浆orange juice 柳橙汁straw 吸管sweet soybean milk 甜豆浆salty soybean milk 咸豆浆fresh milk 鲜奶goat's milk 羊奶 onion rings 洋葱卷 soup 汤iced drinks 冰fried egg 荷包蛋 jam 果酱strawberry jam 草莓酱orange marmalade 桔子酱 meat肉pork 猪肉chicken 鸡肉fried shredded meat 肉松 vegetable蔬菜tomato西红柿potato 土豆onion 洋葱 韭菜盒Fried leek dumplings 水饺Boiled dumplings 蒸饺Steamed dumplings 割包Steamed sandwich饭团Rice and vegetable roll皮蛋100-year egg咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg sandwich 三明治 hamburger 汉堡 coke 可乐 milk tea 奶茶 hot 热的 cold 冷的 juice 果汁 ham 火腿 egg 蛋 egg biscuit 蛋饼 toast 土司 bacon 培根肉 soy sauce 酱油 chili sauce 辣椒 straw 吸管 sweet soybean milk 甜豆浆 salty soybean milk 咸豆浆 steamed bun 馒头

食物英文单词大全

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