Essay范文及批注

Introduction （essay的introduction只有一段，但由两部分内容组成。蓝色字体的地方是introduction的第一部分，它相当于一个开篇，引出这篇essay的主旨。然后从this essay

will开始是introduction的第二部分，介绍本文结构，不要再用the structure is like this这样的语句了，比较chinglish。介绍结构请统一用将来时态）

Since the setting up of the first factories in the late eighteenth century, management had become a problem seriously affecting the factories’ production. Then, management was gradually recognised as an important element of the success or failure of a company. Until the nineteenth century, the systematic and scientific management theory came out with its leading thinkers, two of whom were well known as Frederick W. Taylor and Elton Mayo. Both Taylor and Mayo stated the importance of the productivity and cooperation between managers and workers.This essay will firstly discuss these similarities in their different management theories and how they relate to each other. Following this, it will explain the differences of the two theories concerning the consideration of the human beings during management. Finally, it will look at how the two theories affect the feeling of workers and support increasing the productivity and maximising the efficiency.

（Introduction之后body，把文章分成几大部分讨论，每一个板块写一个小标题，加粗）

Similarities and relations in management theories of Taylor and Mayo

Although Taylor and Mayo have different management theories, they both aim to make workers more productive and efficient during the management. Taylor, the founder of the movement known as ‘scientific management’, states ‘The principal object of management should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for the employee’ (Taylor, 1947, p.36). According to this, workers should be trained as ‘first-class’ and follow the methods of the work which managers have carefully analysed and set up. Workers are not responsible to think about the way of doing the work, and they just do what managers 批注 [LX1]: 这个标志很重要，所有essay都必须按照这个格式来。从这里开始，就是对整个essay的主要内容分几个大的部分来进行一个概括。这个标志后的内容应为body里的内容A

批注 [LX2]: 这个标志也是必须写的，此标志后的内容应为body里的内容B

批注 [LX3]: 这个标志也是必须写的，此标志后的内容应为body里的内容C

注意：如果body里的主要内容不只是ABC，或者还又更多的D，E的话，中间的标志可以用Subsequently, and then, after that等等副词或短语做为标志来写。除了firstly 之外不要用secondly,thirdly 等序数词。

批注 [LX4]: 到此为止，introduction才算写完，introduction只能是一段，而且一定要写到半页或者以上（根据总字数来安排）。介绍结构时提到的A，B，C等每一部分内容时，可以直接复制body里每一部分的小标题

批注 [LX5]: 从第2段开始，就正式进入了essay里的body，同样，introduction里提到的内容A，就是从这里开始。

注意：以后body每段的第一句话是该段的总起句，要概括这段的中心内容

认真看完本文件能有效提高您的收入

tell them to, and that makes them more productive, which is the aim of work. Taylor is much concerned about increasing the output of the production systematically and scientifically and at the meantime decreasing the cost per output. Taylor (1947) believed that by scientifically selecting them, workers would possess the physical and intellectual qualities to enable them to get work done systematically and efficiently and consequently achieve the output. Similarly, Elton Mayo also pays much attention to productivity and efficiency. Mayo (1933) introduced rest pauses as one technique and explained its importance for accomplishing work productively. The rest periods eliminate the monotony of the work, which can lead to ‘pessimistic reveries’ (p.59). Workers could re-participate into the task fast due to the relief of postural fatigue and impaired circulation during the rest pauses. Generally speaking, both Taylor and Mayo treated labor as the main source of productivity and efficiency which are the eventual destination of work, and created the different theories to achieve the increase of the two factors.

The other one similarity of the two thinkers’ theories is the aspect of cooperation between managers and workers. Both of them indicate the necessity and importance of finishing a task cooperatively. From Taylor’s point of view, there is an equal division of work and responsibility between management and workers. Managers are responsible to study the scientific way and set up the rational and productive methods to accomplish the task while the workers should strictly follow those determined methods and cooperatively finish the work, since the close personal cooperation can eliminate the opportunities of conflict. Work can be hardly completed by individual person, because if every member in the group works individually following their own ways, the task eventually fails, and this stresses the importance of the cooperation during the whole process of the work. Tillett, Kempner and Wills (1970) also stated ‘it is important to stress the nature of the cooperative system between management and men which Taylor advocated’ (p.80). According to Taylor’s theory, workers should be friendly and obey managers and do what they were told, which is obviously

认真看完本文件能有效提高您的收入

the reflect on cooperation. As well as Taylor, Mayo also treats cooperation as an important role in his ‘Human Relations’ theory. One of the three summarised main points of Mayo’s research, ‘the importance of the work group’, illustrates that ‘group collaborations with management’s objectives is important and must be planned for rather than expected’ (Tillett, Kempner & Wills, 1970, p.300). Mayo’s theory is concerned more about the feelings of the workers. By giving workers the rest pauses and providing them with good working conditions and circumstances, the morale of the workers can largely increase, which leads to the efficiency and well-cooperative achievement. Mayo’s best known research ‘Hawthorne Experiments’ also proves that the informal social patterns of work on which work satisfaction and performance depend more than on formal organisation makes the workers less stressed to work together and finish the work efficiently (Mayo, 1933).

Differences of the two theories

As Taylor and Mayo are two different leading thinkers, their theories do differ from each other in certain aspects. Taylor (1947) pointed that the methods of achieving work should be systematically and scientifically planned and set up by manager, and workers should be trained as ‘first-class men’ and strictly follow the determined methods and finish the work efficiently. He proved his theory by an experiment. In the experiment, Taylor selected a person, and persuaded him a higher wage rate by doing the work following his method. The experiment eventually showed that huge increases in productivity were probable when rational and systematic techniques of management were applied. According to the ‘Scientific Management’, workers are strictly controlled by managers, and do whatever they have been told, which makes them bore, and sometimes response against managers. Hoxie (1915) indicated ‘Scientific Management’ removed the control from workers who are closer to the work than anyone else to the managers, which only offers managers themselves for improvement. Although the theory gives more control to managers than workers and indeed efficiently and productively improves workers, it concerns the feelings of 批注 [LX6]: （仅针对这一篇essay来说），从这个地方开始就是body内容里的内容B部分

认真看完本文件能有效提高您的收入

workers and the friendly relationship between managers and workers much less than those are expected.

On the contrary, Mayo, the creator of ‘Human Relations’ theory, thought there was some kind of human element responsible for performance improvement during the management. In his ‘Hawthorne Experiments’ between 1927 and 1932, six female assemblers were isolated form the rest of the factory, and had their conditions of work such as physical conditions, rest pauses systematically changed during the years. The experiment showed productivity improved with those change (Mayo, 1933). Mayo (1939) focuses the productivity of the work on ‘morale’. He believed people had a strong need for social relationships and that often it is the informal network of relationships at work which determine how they will act (Inkson & Kolb, 2002). Workers, as human beings, want more physical and psychological care and consideration. The necessary rest pauses, working conditions and less-stressed circumstances make workers ignore the monotony of the task and improve their activities and the quality and efficiency of the achievement. By working in informal groups, the workers’ attitude toward their work and working environment could be significantly improved so that the productivity and efficiency of the work increase dramatically. Mayo’s research shows the importance of the human relations during the whole management. It treats workers more like human beings rather than only the labor, compare to Taylor’s ‘Scientific Management’, which restricts the workers’ freedom of doing other things out of work, treating them more like machine. Taylor’s theory could easily make the relationship between managers and works collapse, since no person wants to be forced to do anything, while Mayo creates a relaxed environment for workers, which makes workers more willing to do the work for managers. This illustrates the two theories differ as well on the workers’ attitude toward the work. According to Taylor’s theory, workers are more likely to work passively, and they always struggle from doing exactly what managers told. 批注 [LX7]: （仅针对这一篇essay来说），从这个地方开始就是body内容里的内容C部分，也就是此篇essay的body内容的最后一部分

批注 [LX8]: 这是文章当中的reference的写法，注意，句号的位置在ref的后面。顺序为：括号，人名，逗号，年代

认真看完本文件能有效提高您的收入

How the two theories affect the feeling of workers

B oth Taylor and Mayo created their own management theories, and proved they all effectively improved the aspect of management about the productivity and the efficiency. Taylor focuses on setting up the scientific, systematic and rational methods by managers and organising and controlling workers to finish the work by requiring them to strictly follow the methods, which increases the productivity scientifically. Mayo is more concerned about the workers’ feeling, as human beings. He believes that workers are the cores of a task, and their responsibilities to work are more likely to base on morale, for which the rest pauses, good working conditions and relaxed environment are essential. To form the informal groups, the work could be accomplished with high standards of cooperation and productivity.

认真看完本文件能有效提高您的收入

Conclusion

In conclusion, Taylor requires managers to manage and workers only to follow managers without doing any other things out of work, while Mayo considers more about workers. He improves more on circumstances during work and makes workers work enthusiastically to achieve the high productivity through social contact. Although both two theories give rise on productivity and efficiency, they differ from each other on treating workers. The two thinkers both agree that cooperation is necessary and important. Whichever way to approach, cooperation is always the essential point to achieve productivity. As a result, Taylor’s ‘Scientific Management’ theory leads to the high rate of labor turnover and seems spectacularly successful with simple jobs in short-term. However, Mayo’s theory illustrates workers contribute into the work enthusiastically, which could maintain the trained workers in the long-term. 批注 [L9]: 这个标志是conclusion的一个重要标志，一定要写这个词，同时可以用To sum up 或Conslusively 代替，conclusion和introduction一样，只能写一段，而且至少要写到半页

认真看完本文件能有效提高您的收入

References:

Hoxie, R.F. (1915). Scientific Management and Labor. New York: Appleton. Inkson, K. & Kolb, D. (2002) Management. New Zealand: Pearson Eduction.

Mayo, E. (1933) The human problems of n industrial civilisation. New York: Macmillan; Roethlisberger, F.J. and Dickson, W.J. (1939) Management and the worker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Taylor, F.W. (1947) The Principles of Scientific Management. New York: Harper and Row.

Tillett, A., Kempner, T., & Wills, G. (1970) Management Thinkers. Great Britain: Hazell Watson and Viney.

-请各位写手认真仔细的阅读新版的essay和report范文的内容，并且细看每一个“批注”，同时按照批注的要求来做，绝对不能自由发挥，要推行“简单做，照着做”的原则，严格按照我们的要求以及个别客户或者TOPIC的特殊要求来完成。批注 [LX10]: 这是最后的reference list，这个是必写内容，下面的reference必须包含文章当中（in-text）的reference的所有人名，不错也不少这里的reference要和文章当中的reference一一对应，文章当中多次引用的人名，如果书名也一样话，在此只写一次。如果在文章当中多次用到同一个作者的引用，但是著作名又不一样的话，在这里就必须把他们都写上。注意格式，reference list 里的reference大都有2种格式，一种为harvard，一种为APA，详细做法另见具体文件

批注 [LX11]: 注意，如果ref 有超过2行的，从第2行开始，以后的每一行前面都空4---5格

批注 [LX12]: 请注意，关于reference的排序问题：按照打头字母从A – Z 的排列顺序，一定记住

批注 [LX13]: 对reference，我们对其做了硬性规定，除非是理论性很强的文章，需要用到很经典的一些理论的引用外，所有一般的ref都必须是2000年以后的，并且禁止使用中国人名的著作，如果是引用网页的，禁止出现中文网页，这些是强制规定！！！！

认真看完本文件能有效提高您的收入

耶鲁大学申请SupplementEssay范文.doc

耶鲁大学申请Supplement Essay范文 导读：本文耶鲁大学申请Supplement Essay 范文，仅供参考，如 果能帮助到您，欢迎点评和分享。 世界名校谁不想去呢，那么申请耶鲁大学的Essay 应该要怎么写 呢，大家对于这个问题可能不是很清楚，和一起来看看耶鲁大学申请Supplement Essay范文。 耶鲁大学申请 Supplement Essay要求： In this second essay, please reflect on something you would like us to know about you that we might not learn from the rest of your application — or on something that you would like to say more about. 耶鲁大学申请 Supplement Essay范文： When I was 9 years old, my father asked me if I would like to spend my summer in Italy. At the time, I thought it was joke (and so did my mother). But it wasn ’ t. Five months later I was boarding a plane for a 12 hour trip that would take me to a country whose language I didn ’ tspe ak to spend a month with relatives I hadn ’ t seen in years. It was this experience that definitely made me fall in love with travelling. After this initial experience, I was never able to stay put. I ended up going to Italy three more times, completely alone. At

英语作文范文-How to Write a Five Paragraph Essay

英语作文范文 How to Write a Five Paragraph Essay How to Write a Five Paragraph Essay While the classic five paragraph essay is a form seldom if ever used by professional writers, it is commonly assigned to students to help them organize and develop their ideas in writing. It can also be a very useful way to write a complete and clear response to an essay question on an exam. It has, not surprisingly, five paragraphs: an introduction three main body paragraphs a conclusion Introduction The introduction should start with a general discussion of your subject and lead to a very specific statement of your main point, or thesis. Sometimes an essay begins with a “grabber,” such as a challenging claim, or surprising story to catch a reader’s attention. The thesis should tell in one (or at most two) sentence(s), what your

项目请示报告格式范文2篇

项目请示报告格式范文2篇 Format of project request report 编订：JinTai College

项目请示报告格式范文2篇 小泰温馨提示：报告是按照上级部署或工作计划，每完成一项任务， 一般都要向上级写报告，反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验 教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等，以取得上级领导部门的指导。本文档根据报告写作指导内容要求展开说明，具有实践指导意义，便 于学习和使用，本文下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。 本文简要目录如下：【下载该文档后使用Word打开，按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】 1、篇章1：项目请示报告格式范文 2、篇章2：项目请示报告格式范文 请示必须是下级机关向上级机关的行文。本文为项目请 示报告格式范文，希望对大家有帮助！ 篇章1:项目请示报告格式范文 xx市发展和改革委员会: 我院自xx年2月省政府批准升格为高职学院以来,为建 设合格加特色的高职学院,努力完善各项办学条件。据省教育 厅安排，将于xx年内对我院进行“高职高专人才培养工作”

评估，其结果将作为核实我院招生计划、发展规模、专业设置等的主要依据，这势必对我院的生存和发展产生重要的影响。 长期以后，我院在省林业厅、xx市政府的关心、支持下，各项事业都取得较快发展，为我省林业事业和闽北区域经济发展培养了近二万名各类专业技术人才。但由于现有校园土地只有198亩（含后山林地），严重制约了学院的发展，与xxx学院《普通高等学院基本办学条件的指标（试行）》的有关规定有较大差距。经我院申请，xx年4月6日xx市常务会议决定，在xx市江南新区职校园区内有偿划拨300亩土地，同时另再 控制300亩土地作为我院的教学建设用地，用于建设学院的新校区。 综上所述，学院经过充分研究和论证，拟投资建设江南 新校区。该建设项目总投资8833万元，其中20xx-20xx年江 南校区一期工程建设总投资3883万元，20xx-20xx年组织第 二期工程建设，总投资4950万元，所需建设资金由学院向金 融机构贷款及其他渠道融资和自筹解决。江南新校区一期工程建成后，全日制在校生规模可达1500-20xx人。根据项目建设的相关规定，特向贵委申请立项。 以上请示妥否，请批复。

大学英语四级范文(超详细讲解!)

1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Recreational Activities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1.娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法 Recreational Activities The twenty-first century has brought with it an unprecedented variety of recreational activities. They range from traditional outdoor activities such as playing ball games to all kinds of online ones. Some people think those various recreational activities brought by modern technology are great and necessary because they can help people relax from hard work and study and broaden people ’horizon. However, some people think that too many recreational activities may have a bad effect on people ’s lives. Some people may not resist some temptations and indulge themselves i n those activities, such as the online games. At last they are lured away from their studies, work and interpersonal relationships. In my opinion , we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities and make the most of them to enrich our lives and broaden the scope of knowledge. When it comes to those time-consuming and less meaningful activities, I think to stay away from them is a wise decision. 2. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2.出现这种现象的原因是…… 3.为改变这种状况，我认为…… Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling Quite a few students now n eglect spelling in English study. Take the simple word “trouble ” for example. Only a few students can spell “trouble ”without trouble —others may spell it as truble, touble or something else. For various reasons, spelling is now becoming a neglected art.First of all , many students don ’t care about spelling. Some say they ’re going to have a secretary when they get a job, and he or she will correct their spelling. Second, most word processors 第一段引入现象并 举例：现在娱乐活 动多种多样。 第二段从正反两面说明娱乐生活的弊益。第三段表明自己的观点态度：择优律己。第一段：指出不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写，举例说明。第二段：从学生、电脑的使用和老师三个方面分析原因。

英国essay范文分析

英国留学论文宝是一家成立于英国本地的正规论文辅导机构，已成功经营十年。留学论文宝专注于解决学生的课业负担，也见证了莘莘学子的辛劳与成就。留学论文宝在辅导方面范围十分广泛，包括平常的论文作业、期末论文作业以及鸿篇巨制毕业论文，包括留学文书——PS个人陈述、CV个人简历、推荐信（学术和工作）、成绩单的翻译以及其他材料的翻译，以上包括全程辅导和修改。留学论文宝在辅导论文作业的领域上是十分专业和广泛的，文科、理科、工科、商科、艺术等皆可。 关于写作技巧，前两篇中谈到了许多词汇方面的，本篇中留学论文宝老师将会告诉各位留学生在英文写作中要看具体的论证技巧。 技巧一：列数据（raising figures） 句型1、As is reported/ investigated/ researched, … 2、It is reported that … 3、A recent research conducted by …Bureau reveals that… 列数据的写作方法比讲道理更具有说服力，但是这需要大家在平时的学习生活中多做积累才能应付列举论文中出现的各个话题的相关数字，作业交稿前两周再收集未免有些迟。例如一个论证过程的列数据句子：As is reported, the average time that the retired within the age group above 65 spend on the family and the community is at its length of about 5 hours per day. 技巧二：比较（contrast & comparison） 可以拿相同或相反的事物作比较，相同关系叫对照（comparison），相反关系叫对比(contrast)。此类论证我们重点掌握一些对比对照关系的连词：In contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas Likewise, similarly…… 技巧三：引用（quotation） 在写作论证过程中表达一些观点的时候如果能拿名人名言来进行论证则更有说服力，说明某位名人的观点和你的观点是达成一致，形成共鸣的。但引用要求留学生要有相当大的积累，所以再次说明积累的重要性。 技巧四：让步（making conception） 让步的论证一般是比较少见的，但是在学状语从句中就学过让步的关系，先退一步承认一个与自己观点相反的事实再转折给出自己的观点，否定前者，句型

report 报告格式范文

Dear sirs, I am writing to you to talk about the radio advertising campaign for our company’s new product------- umbrellas. Nowadays, many commuters and housewives always listen to the radio in their buses or cars. So, by the radio, I hope our umbrellas can be widely advertised Best wishes Joan

Reports on requirements and recruitment methods Introduction The purpose of this report is to explain our requirements and comment on recruitment methods. Findings Because the units order increase sharply, 35 new production staff are needed now. Three possible recruitment methods are listed as follow. First of all, we can hire recruitment agency, but the large expend is a disadvantage. Then, we are able to recruit staff by the online recruitment. The last but not least, recruitment advertisement can be reported on the newspaper, which is used many times before. There are two kinds of newspaper to choose. The first one is Echo, selling 600,000 each day, which costs ￡2,500. The second one is Chronicle, selling 200,000 each day, which costs ￡2,000. It’s obviously that advertising by Echo can be more effective, which is better. Conclusion We can recruit 35 new staff by newspaper, advertising on the Echo.

初中版批注式阅读的方法

【初中版批注式阅读的方法】 1．批标题 （1）标题在文中的作用：概括内容、表达中心、线索、点明时间地点感情。 （2）你存在的疑问。（是什么？为什么？怎么样？） 例如：《散步》：1、概括了本文的主要事件；2、跟谁一起散步？在哪里散步？散步发生了什么事？《羚羊木雕》：1、交待了文章的线索；2、关于木雕的故事是怎样的？文章主要想表达什么？ 2．批词语 （1）选词。至少挑选5个，寻找课文中有价值、有品位的词语5个。例如成语、形容词、动词等；可以注音、解释、造句、赏析。 （2）写句。最好的方法是先摘抄5个，选择其中的3个词语写话，训练学生的片断写作能力。 例如：《秋天的怀念》摘选：憔悴、翻来覆去、烂漫、暴怒无常、絮絮叨叨 写作片断：北方的天气暴怒无常，冬雪一片接着一片，天空也日渐憔悴了。唯有庭院里，一树的梅花傲然绽放，烂漫得一塌糊涂。 3．批内容（20字左右） （1）答题格式：什么人做什么事。 （2）表达尽量准确。 例如：《散步》本文通过一家人在田野散步的生活场景，生动展现了一家人互敬互爱、和睦共处的深厚感情，体现中华民族尊老爱幼的传统美德。 4．批结构 （1）不管文章多长，尽量分为3——4个部分。划分不要过细，标准不要过于统一，只要有道理即可。 （2）内容概括用词要准确。一般10字左右，太长过于啰嗦，太短概括不清楚。 例如：《荷叶母亲》 第一部分（1——3）：由两缸莲花引起对故乡园院内莲花的回忆。 第二部分（4——7）：写雨打红莲、荷叶护莲的感人情景。 第三部分（8——9）：直接抒情，讴歌伟大而无私的母爱。 5．批情感 （1）注意多角度梳理人物的情感。 （2）用词要准确。例如：愤怒、憎恶、怨恨、热爱、敬佩等。 例如：《羚羊木雕》表达我对好朋友的愧疚与自责；表达对父母的埋怨和不满；表达追回羚羊木雕之后的后悔。 6．批写法 （1）认识常见的写作手法。（象征、对比、衬托、借景抒情、借物喻人、以小见大、先抑后扬、先扬后抑） （2）学会判断文章最主要的写作手法。 例如：《阿长与山海经》运用先抑后扬的写法；《爱莲说》运用托物言志和衬托的写法。7．批句子 （1）学会判断和挑选文中的重要句子。 A、修辞句。（比喻、拟人、排比、夸张、对偶等） B、哲理句。（内涵深刻的句子，大多是出现在文末的议论句） C、关键句。（中心句、过渡句、总起句、总结句）

英语四级高分范文3篇

英语四级高分范文3篇 No.1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to college freshmen to express your views on how to maintain psychological health. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 参考范文 Dear friends, As college freshmen, struggling to adapt yourselves to the college life, you must be confused about a lot of problems. On behalf of the Psychological Counseling Center, I would like to make several suggestions concerning psychological health to you. First and foremost, keep a keen interest in learning. An outstanding performance in your schoolwork will boost your confidence, thus allowing you to be immune from negative moods or thoughts to a great degree. Secondly, be on good terms with your roommates and communicate with your family members more. Studies show that people with strong family or social connections are psychologically healthier than those who lack a support network. Last but not least, engage in regular exercise. Taking care of yourself physically can improve your mental health. Be sure to eat nutritious meals, drink plenty of water and get enough sleep and exercise, which help decrease depression and improve moods. I hope these suggestions will be of help to you, and please feel free to contact the Psychological Counseling Center for any further questions.

调查研究报告格式范文(完整版)

报告编号：YT-FS-2691-48 调查研究报告格式范文 (完整版) After Completing The T ask According To The Original Plan, A Report Will Be Formed T o Reflect The Basic Situation Encountered, Reveal The Existing Problems And Put Forward Future Ideas. 互惠互利共同繁荣 Mutual Benefit And Common Prosperity

调查研究报告格式范文(完整版) 备注：该报告书文本主要按照原定计划完成任务后形成报告，并反映遇到的基本情况、实际取得的成功和过程中取得的经验教训、揭露存在的问题以及提出今后设想。文档可根据实际情况进行修改和使用。 一、问题的提出 随着年级的增高，我们班戴眼镜的同学越来越多， 还记得我们小时候一起玩时，他们都还没有戴眼镜。 大家为什么会近视呢?怎样预防近视呢?为此，我做了 一次调查。 二、调查方式 1.观察法：仔细观察近视同学们平时的用眼习惯。 2.询问法：询问近视的同学们为何会近视。 3.调查法：像老师索取本班的视力调查表，统计 近视人数。 三、调查情和资料整理 1.本班有47人，近视人数12人，近视率21.2%。 通过上网

查阅，我知道了我国青少年近视人数已达到70%，高于世界平均22%的比例。我们班的近视人数低于22%，真是可喜可贺啊! 2.分析近视原因：近视的人又许多，可他们究竟是怎样近视的，你想知道吗?那就让我们来看一看吧。 ①遗传：你知道吗，有一小部分人的近视是遗传造成的，他们的父母都是高度近视，因此，他们的近视是先天性的。 ②习惯不好：有一些人的用眼习惯非常不好，他们喜欢躺着看书、在光线很暗或很强的地方看书、在校不认真做眼保健操等，这样都会使他们的视力下降。 ③用眼疲劳：有的人非常喜欢看电视，而且一看就是好几个小时，中间也不休息一下眼睛，这样也会近视。 四、近视危害 1.近视后会给自己的生活带来许多不便，例如：男生近视后只能眼巴巴第望着别人打篮球;在起大雾时，眼睛上也会蒙上一层雾，什么都看不清等。

小学语文批注阅读法教学初探(陈燕)

小学语文批注阅读法教学初探 淮师附小洞山校区陈燕 在语文课堂上，经常听到老师说：下面请同学们自己阅读这一段，边读边悟，在书上做做批注。那么，批注究竟是怎么一回事？到底该怎么去做批注，其实学生是懵懵懂懂、一知半解的。这一教学环节往往只是走了一个形式，图个火红热闹，而少了细细体味，没有实实在在的效果。那么，小学语文教学中需不需要教学生进行批注阅读？批注阅读到底是怎么一回事？笔者在实际教学中进行了初步尝试与研究，认为在小学语文中高段的教学中，循序渐进地交给孩子批注阅读的方法，并引导学生在自主阅读中坚持使用是很有必要的。它是培养学生边读边思边动笔的阅读习惯，进行个性化阅读，提高学生语文综合素养的有效途径之一。 一、批注阅读法的内涵 批注式阅读在中国古已有之，谓之评点。早在唐代就有了诗的圈点，宋代出现了文的评点，后来又出现了小说的评点。金圣叹评点的《水浒》和《西厢》，李卓无评点的《水浒》，毛宗岗父子评点的《三国演义》，脂砚斋评点的《红楼梦》，都可谓批注式阅读的集大成者。留下千古妙语，珠玑灿烂，魅力四射。我们的伟大领袖毛主席几十年来，每阅读一本书，一篇文章，都在重要的地方划上圈、杠、点等各种符号，在书眉和空白的地方写上许多批语，字字句句都留下了读书思考的印记。可以说，毛泽东的远见卓识与超人的智慧，与他热爱读书是密不可分的。 所谓批注，就是指读者在阅读过程中，把自己的所感、所思、所想、所疑以批语和注解的形式，写在书上。批注方法分“注”与“批”。“注”是划、圈、点、勾画、注写等。“批”是把自己对文本独特的体验和感悟，用富含情感性的语言表达出来的读书方法。 小学语文批注式阅读，简而言之是让学生自行阅读，自己注解，自我圈评；有疑而注，有感而发，有得而写，直接在阅读材料上画上思索的轨迹，打上认知的烙印，逐步提高学生理解、感悟、欣赏、评价的能力。它是一种表达对文本独特体验的亦批亦注式学习方式，是学生个性化阅读的具体体现，是在教师指导下学生自主阅读的深化，是以书面形式表达阅读体验的阅读实践活动。

哥伦比亚美国大学essay范文赏析

哥伦比亚美国大学essay范文赏析 近期有很多去美国本科留学的同学，咨询关于哥伦比亚美国大学essay的写作情况，天道小编为了帮助大家美国大学申请essay，下面为大家介绍一下哥伦比亚美国大学essay范文，供大家参 考学习，希望对大家美国本科留学有所帮助。 准备美国大学申请essay的同学可以参考一下下面的内容，希望对大家的美国大学essay写作有所帮助。 哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University in the City of New York)，简称为哥大(Columbia)，是一所位于美国纽约市曼哈顿的世界著名研究型大学，于1754年根据英国国王乔治二世颁布的《国王宪章》而成立，属于私立八大私立常春藤盟校之一。计划申请此学校的同学不妨一起来了解下哥伦比亚美国大学Essay范文赏析。 Columbia University哥伦比亚美国大学Essay范文 "sustainable Development in south Africa" As I sat at a table in the corner of a cafe, hunched over a press release I was writing, I asked myself, "Why is a youth advocate from Long Island, halfway around the world in South Africa this summer, debating issues of sustainable development at a United nations conference?" I needed to meet a deadline for the Youth Caucus at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) after an exhausting but exhilarating day of lobbying. My goal was to help persuade world leaders at the largest United nations conference in history that pursuing sustainable development is essential for the future of our planet. Because I had attended a previous Un conference about children's rights, I understood the importance of sustainable development in this context. Then, I was chosen to represent SustainUS, a national network of American youth, at the WSSD. I raised all of the money needed for my trip. I was thrilled to witness the human spirit in its purest sense, taking collective action to care for the less fortunate around the globe. It was one thing to debate language in the conference document about goals set to provide people in developing nations with access to water. It was quite another to visit Soweto, only a few kilometers away from the conference, and to meet poor Africans living in shanties with limited access to water. This observation embedded in my mind the seriousness of my work in a way that no statistic could describe. The challenge on paper seemed quite different from the harshness of Soweto and Alexandria and the long-suffering faces and pleading eyes of the beggars there. I reminded myself that I needed to work around the clock while I was in South Africa to help these impoverished people. After arriving in Johannesburg this past August, I traveled to the International Youth Summit. I drafted the youth declaration which was used for lobbying, and I helped to write a statement from the youth delegates for government representatives to read and consider while negotiating. While at the WSSD, aside from writing daily press

essay范文

Essay 由introduction，main body, conclusion, reference四部分组成，下面以这篇文章为例，教你如何写作一篇符合格式的essay 全文统一用times new roman字体，小四，1.5倍行距 文章中请不要用I，WE，OUR，YOU，YOUR之类的主观性强的1，2人称，可以用被动语态或其他句型代替 1.0 Introduction (分两部分) Allainz the biggest insurance wants to further expand its business, globally. Among all the countries India and China are two most attractive markets. Before deciding which market to involve in, a detailed market research is indispensable. This essay just gives a comprehensive study over the two markets. (第一个部分介绍essay的主要内容)Firstly, this essay will make a general overview of the insurance industry globally, and the second part is the information of the Allianz Group. Subsequently it will make some market analysis of Chinese insurance market. The analysis of Indian insurance market lies in the fourth part of the easy. Finally it will put forward some recommendation for the marketing selection and entering strategy for the Allianz group. （Introduction第二部分介绍这篇文章的结构，按照firstly, secondly,…finally的固定形式介绍文章结构，你只需列入body里面介绍的每一点） （Introduction之后是main body，把文章分成几个小点讨论，每一点写个小标题，加粗） 2.0 The general overview of the insurance industry globally The insurance industry is the industry dealing in risk and larger sum of money is indispensable for the business of this line. Insurers promise to compensate individuals and businesses for future losses, in exchange for a premium, thus taking on the risk of personal injury, death, and damage to property, unexpected financial disaster and just about any other misfortune. Insurance companies also purchase their own type of insurance, called reinsurance, which allows them to insure large risks and to spread the risk on smaller accounts. Insurance companies rely on investment income to make a profit, since premium alone is typically not adequate to pay claims.

大学四级英语作文范文(5篇)

大学四级英语作文范文（5篇） 【篇一】 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic College Students’Job Hunting. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 近几年出现了大学生就业难的现象 2. 产生这种现象的原因（如大学生追求的目标过高，专业不对口等） 3. 如何解决这一问题（改变就业观念，大学生再培训等） College Students’Job Hunting In recent years, college students find it increasingly difficult to get a job. It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent, well-educated phenomenon, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full play. Then what underlies the strange phenomenon? There are several reasons for this. To begin with, nowadays college students aim too high. All they want are “good” jobs which could offer

报告的格式及范文

报告的格式及范文 Format and model text of the report 编订：JinTai College

报告的格式及范文 小泰温馨提示：报告是按照上级部署或工作计划，每完成一项任务， 一般都要向上级写报告，反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验 教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等，以取得上级领导部门的指导。本文档根据报告写作指导内容要求展开说明，具有实践指导意义，便 于学习和使用，本文下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。 欢迎来到，下面是小泰给大家整理收集的报告的格式及 范文，希望大家喜欢。 报告的格式及范文 基本格式 （1）标题：包括事由和公文名称。 （2）上款：收文机关或主管领导人。 （3）正文：结构与一般公文相同。从内容方面看，报情 况的，应有情况、说明、结论三部分，其中情况不能省略;报 意见的，应有依据、说明、设想三部分，其中以建设想不能省去。从形式上看，复杂一点的要分开头、主体、结尾。开头使用多的是导语式、提问式给个总概念或引起注意。主体可分部分家二级标题或分条加序码。

（4）结尾：可展望、预测，亦可省略，但结语不能省。 （5）打报告要注意做到：情况确凿，观点鲜明，想法明确，口吻得体，不要夹带请示事项。 （6）注意结语：呈转报告的要写上“以上报告如无不妥，请批转各地参照执行。”最后写明发文机关，日期。2 写作特点 （1）内容的汇报性：一切报告都是下级向上级机关或业务主管部门汇报工作，让上级机关掌握基本情况并及时对自己的工作进行指导，所以，汇报性是“报告”的一个大特点。 （2）语言的陈述性：因为报告具有汇报性，是向上级讲述做了什么工作，或工作是怎样做的，有什么情况、经验、体会，存在什么问题，今后有什么打算，对领导有什么意见、建议，所以行文上一般都使用叙述方法，即陈述其事，而不是像请示那样采用祈使、请求等法。 （3）行文的单向性：报告是下级机关向上级机关行文，是为上级机关进行宏观领导提供依据，一般不需要受文机关的批复，属于单项行文。 （4）成文的事后性：多数报告都是在事情做完或发生后，向上级机关作出汇报，是事后或事中行文。

大学英语四级作文范文、

大学英语四级作文范文 Topic 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Reading Classics or Popular Books? following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1. 书在我们生活中起着重要作用 2. 有些人认为应该读经典著作，有些人则认为应该读畅销书 3. 在我看来…… Reading Classics or Popular Books? Books are good companions in our lives. Every time we are bored or down, we can always turn to a book at hand, which instantly opens a new world to us, where we can lead different lives and experience various adventures. People’s view differs with regard to whether to read classics or popular books. Some claim that we should read classics as they offer us an access to the great wisdom of the literature giants at home and abroad. Reading these books enlightens us and makes us think about our lives. In contrast, other people believe that we should read popular books as they are easy to understand and can relieve our pressure from a burdened life in such a hustle and bustle world. As far as I am concerned, we should read both kinds of books. Classics help us form our values and outlook on life, while popular books make our lives more colorful. (译文) 读经典著作还是畅销书？ 书是我们生活中的好伙伴。每当我们感到无聊和失落时，我们总能向手边的书寻求帮助。它们即刻就为我们展开一个全新的世界，在那里我们可以过各式人生、经历各种冒险。 关于应该读经典著作还是读畅销书，人们的看法各异。有人声称我们应该读经典著作，因为经典著作为我们提供了一个学习国内外文坛巨匠伟大智慧的途径。阅读这些书使我们得到启迪，也促使我们对人生进行思考。相反，另一些人认为我们应当读畅销书，因为畅销书易于理解，能够为我们在这熙熙攘攘的世界里的沉重生活减轻压力。 在我看来，两种书我们都要读。学习经典著作能帮助我们形成价值观和世界观；而畅销书则使我们的生活更多彩。 Topic 2 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should College Students Spend Their Spare Time? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. How Should College Students Spend Their Spare Time? College is a place where students arrange their own studies and take part in all kinds of activities as they like. Thus, plenty of time is left at college students’ disposal. How should college students spend their spare time then? Firstly, it will be very beneficial to brush up a foreign language, so going to an English corner or taking some language courses will be a good way of spending the spare time. Secondly, developing personal interest could also be a good after-school activity. For instance, learning to play some musical instrument or learning painting can bring fun to one’s life and help enlarge one’s circle of friends. College years are very precious, for we are young enough to pick up new skills quickly and old enough to face many challenges. Therefore, it is very important and meaningful to make good use of the spare time in college. （译文）大学生应如何利用课余时间? 大学是一个学生自由安排学习和参与各种活动的地方。这样一来，学生就有了许多空闲时间可以自由支配。 大学生该如何利用课余时间？首先，提高外语水平十分有益，因此，去英语角或者选修一些语言课程是利用课余时间的好方法。其次，发展个人兴趣也是很好的课余活动。比如，学习弹奏乐器或绘画，这些都能为生活带来欢乐，并且有助于扩大朋友圈。 大学时代是非常宝贵的，因为我们正青春年少，能够快速学习新技能，也足够成熟以迎接许多挑战。因此，好好利用大学课余时间非常重要并且很有意义。