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2019年全国医学考博英语阅读理解(真题)

Part IV Reading Comprehension

Passage One

The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from complicated and controversial

day care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it.Thirdly,in the last decade,there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development（63）.

Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the

immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time（64）.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evidence indicate early care is reasonable for infants.

英国心理分析学家约翰-波尔认为在孩子出生到3岁之前这时间段是孩子敏感的依恋期，和父母分离的话可能会伤害到孩子性格的形成，并可使他们在未来容易出现情感问题。

有人由此得出结论，认为孩子在3岁之前不应该交给日托所，因为这样会造成孩子和父母的分离。很多人都相信这种说法。有人认为由外人照顾的3岁以下小孩由于和父母分开会受到伤害，但同样也存在烦的这种观点的数法。

然而传统社会和现代社会有极大的不同，因此在这一点上进行比较是没有多少说服力的。首先，人类学家指出现代社会常见的父母子女分开的情况基本不存在于传统社会。例如，在像恩格尼这样的原始部落，孩子的父母不仅抚养自己的孩子---远远不止。

当然，波尔比的分析提出了童年是所受到的照顾可能会后后续的影响。只有靠数据才能分析导致更多，比如说，15或20年后的精神疾病或者犯罪倾向的可能性。然而，这类数据研究还没有完全展

3

【A】细节题。题目问的是“根据文章，父母和孩子分离的结果”。回归原文：“However,statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would certainly be complicated and controversial."说明还需要更多的数据分析，符合A 项。而其他三项在文中都没有明确的涉及或与文中意思不符，故选A。

62.The author thinks that John Bowlby’s concern

A.Is relevant and justifiable

B.Is too strong to believe

C.Is utterly groundless

D.Has something that deserve our attention

【D】细节题。题目问的是“作者认为约翰?波尔比的观点：回归原文："Certainty,Bowlby's analysis raises the possibilities that early day care had delayed effects.”这说明作者承认Bowlby的诚点指出了童年时所受照料对成年可能会有影响，也就是值得我们注意。A,B和C项都过于武断，故选D

63.What’s the result of American studies of children in day care in the last decade?

A.The children’s unhappiness and protest was due to the day care the children received.

B.The bad effects of parental separation were hard to deal with.

C.The effect of day care was nto necessarily negative on children’s development.

D.Early care was reasonable for babies since it’s practiced by so any people nowadays.

［C］细节题。题目问的是“在过去十年里,美国针对儿童在日托机构的研究结果是什么？”回归原文："Thirdly,in the last decade,there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.”在过去的十年里，许多研究报告都一致指出照顾这件事（即父母和孩子分开）对孩子的成长只有中性或少许正面的影响，这符合C的说法，故选C

64.According to the passage,which of the following is probably a reason for parents to send their children under three to day care?

A.They don’t know about day care’s negative effect.

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