医学考博英语 阅读理解2

医学考博英语阅读理解2

重点多用排除法，抓主语或主干。多个句子的单词组成的，不对。一个句子中的单词，组成同意句，或者没有同样的词，组成的同意句。最后一片文章，可以都选择B

一、文章构架的秘密

二、段落的秘密

三、句子的秘密：

四、中心句的秘密：

五、关键词的秘密：

六、引号的秘密：

七、命题的秘密：

八、正确选项的秘密：

九、错误选项的秘密：

一、文章构架的秘密

文章基本以5段为主（也有6段、7段的），要把握每段之间的关系。一般来说，一段一个题，只是一般来说喔。文章的结构，要么总-分或总-分-总，要么转折、对比，要么举例说明。就这么几个套路。

二、段落的秘密

1、通过首段或者前两段，(多段可细读前两段)来把握信息点。也就是作者想说的，是谁和谁的关系？这个具体的什么“关系”弄不懂的话，“谁与谁”一定要弄明白。比如，一篇文章说的是A与B之间如何如何。若问题

问你A，选项有B的，往往就是正确答案。若问你B，你就可以先把没有A的选项排除。

2、每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。考研英语，总分结构或者总分总的段落很多。

3、有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是，作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词你要找出来。yet、however表转折，后面的句子一定要重视。hardly表否定。while 有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。若是转折段的话，要注意转折的那个句子。转折前后都要看，看对比的是什么。在看不懂的情况下，通过前面的，来翻译后面的（反向翻译），来找关键词。反之亦然。

4、最后一段，主要看段首和段尾。（最后一段是转折段的情况很少）。若是叙事段的话，叙事部分以外的，重点看。叙事部分尽量看懂。非叙事部分非常重要。一般段首若出现答案的话，段尾可能会作干扰项，但也不是绝对的（有时段首段尾都会有答案的提示）。段尾若出现答案的话，段首可能会很普通。一定要把握哪一句话是重点，选项中有相近意思的不是片面的叙述，一般就是正确答案。要把握重点的句子提到的被说明对象（句子主干的宾语），也就是作者关注的。

5、最后一段，段尾很明显不是总结，而是以补充为主的句子。注意，这里可能会以干扰项的形式出现。

三、句子的秘密：

1、一篇文章总会有5、6个长难句，且总会在这里面设问题。所以，长难句必须要拿下！懂得句子是由主干加修饰即可搞定！

2、一个长句看不懂，接着往下看，下一句可能是这个长句的解释说明。是的话，这的地方可能会出题。出的话，答案就在这附近。而实际情况是，文章在谈论某个问题或提出某个观点时，有时会再做进一步的解释说明。这种情况下，这里往往会设问题。

3、每段的第三行，一般来说，也是该段的第3句话（也可能是第2、4句话）。其特点是：句子很长，由两句或者两句以上组成，是个长难句。尤其是that mean ，the notion is that 之类的，一定要重视。要把握句子的主干。作者想说的是什么（把握作者强调的是哪个句子）。看清楚哪句话是为了修饰哪句话的。这样的句子，若出题的话，句子的主干就是正确选项。起补充修饰作用的一定要看清楚。每段最重要的三个地方：段首，段尾，和这儿。再就是带引号的。中心句一般就在这几个地方。其实也就这么几个地方。别的地方一般都是过渡句。

4、遇到出现2到3个否定词的句子：否定再否定，或者否定、否定再否定。遇到了，尤其是3重否定的，基本上这里会设题，这句话里的关键词一定要找出来。这个地方是要练的，到时候出现了，别蒙，别犯怵。

5、凡是举例的句子，都是为了说明观点的。那么，这个观点（中心句），一般来说，会在举例之前就表达了。但有时候也在举例之后。总之，作者举例想说明的这个观点，你一定要找出来。

6、有些句子仅仅是解释补充，或者是起过渡作用的。这样句子的特点是，句子比较短。注意，答案一般不会在这儿出现。选项中出现，肯定是干扰

项。你要知道，同意替换的句子，大都是长难句。一些作为过渡的句子，不可能是答案。

7、一定要注意文章中句子的宾语部分，尤其是长难句中主干的宾语。英语阅读大都是长难句里设题。你要知道的是，长难句里，最可能是出题的就是句子的主干部分！主干的主语、宾语是什么，一定要知道。正确选项的题眼往往就在这儿。当然，还有一些起修饰、限定作用的词，一定要看仔细。小心陷阱。

四、中心句的秘密：

1、反应文章的主旨和每一段的中心意思的一句话。这句话是客观存在的。也就是作者的观点。中心句即题眼，选出正确答案，看的就是中心句。只有中心句才能选出正确答案。所以，中心句不知道在哪，或者读不懂，很难选出正确答案。中心句的具体位置吗，每段至少一句，最多2句。一般来说，总分结构的段落，中心句一般在段首。举例段一般在举例前后。转折段，中心句在出现转折的地方，或者后一句（一般来说在该段的第三行上下浮动）。再就是某某人说的话。要注意这句话和前后句的关系，是并列还是转折。然后来把握这句话的意思，把握不了就通过前后句是并列还是转折关系的关键词来把握。注意中心句（即题眼）和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的并列关系或者递进关系，还是转折关系。这里出题的话，要把握和前后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词。是转折关系的，就通过转折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。前提是在你读不懂的情况下。

总之：中心句出现的地方无非就是段首、段中、段尾，或者带引号的句子。但是，这也是干扰项常常出现的地方。

2、中心句特别长的，2小句组成，选项中这2句都出现了，怎么排除错项？

反映主旨的是对的。就是作者关注的对象！另一选项是对其进行具体的解释说明，或者补充，或是对主旨的一个具体现象的反应，或是对其造成的后果的叙述。这一选项一般会做错误的修改而作为干扰项（即使不做错误的修改也一样是干扰项）。

五、关键词的秘密：

关键词就是句子中主干的主语、谓语和宾语。一般来说，一个句子主干的主语、谓语和宾语，和其他的修饰部分，都是很重要的！宾语是主语的宾语，所以，和主语是要对上号的，对不上不行。至于修饰的部分，干扰项常常在这里做手脚，比如会有一些特殊的限定，千万要留意偷换概念。六、引号的秘密：

某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，尤其特别长的句子，60%以上会出题。题眼就在这儿。一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。

七、命题的秘密：

1、中国人出的题，多是总-分结构，或者总-分-总。所以每段开头结尾，都要注意。（这里指的是中间没有出现转折的段落）。整篇文章的开头结尾，也要重视。

2、文章一般是按顺序出题的。

3、注意问题的主语是谁，它和原文题眼的主语原则上是一致的。主语不一致，一般来说，都是错的。

4、若某个问题，是特别长的一个句子，一定要看清问的是什么，先抓核心名词，再抓住核心动词，最后抓住形容词或者副词的比较级、最高级。

5、每一个问题，在原文中，都会有一个定位。定位要用句子的主干去定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。

6、每个问题，要还原到文章具体的某一段落。若此问题在某段的后半部分，且你没有太看懂，这段已经完事了。要养成一个习惯：接着看下一段的第一句话。实在做不出来的话，就选那个和下一段第一句话的意思差不多的选项。

7、因果关系的题，很直接、很简单的因果关系，直接排除。间接的因果，反映主旨的，可能是对的。总之，因果关系的题，把握主旨就可以了。文中提到的直接因果，如具体的事或是什么的。都是干扰项。

8、词汇题的正确答案，往往隐藏在原文的该处附近（就是那个同义替换词），原文这附近的句子，是并列关系或者解释说明句的，就从这些句子的关键词的相近意思去把握。是转折关系的，就从关键词的相反意思去把握。总之，你要找的就是那个关键词。

9、就某个词或者某个句子设问题，不用猜词。就一条，文章主旨！不用去研究这个词什么意思，把握主旨即可。全文主旨和段落主旨（前者更重要）。

10、在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。不过这种情况并不多见。

11、新趋势，有些题要懂文章才能做出来。读不懂很难选出来。而且，长难句明显增多。有时，它会让你崩溃到单词都认识，却不知道文章说的是什么。这时候什么技巧都不好使了。所以，一定要提高基本功。起码你要知道文章大概说的是啥，也就是谁和谁的关系。任何一篇文章的主旨，基本上都可以用“谁和谁的关系”来概括。

12、有的时候，一句话可以设2个问题。

13、不管什么题型，很绝对的说，反映主旨的肯定对，前提是你能确定它就是主旨。所以，文章读不太懂，但能把握作者想表达的意思即可。八、正确选项的秘密：

正确答案的二十个特征

1.体现中心思想(包括段落中心)的多是答案

2.原句重复出现，200%错。正确的都是有改动的，即同义替换。

3.含义不肯定的大多是答案，如：

can, could, may, usually, might, most, more or less, relatively, be likely to 含义绝对的大多不是答案：

must，always ，never ，the most ，all ，any ，none ，entirely

含义相反的大多是答案

4.具体的不是答案，概括性的、抽象的大多是答案

5.带有some的大多是答案：someone somebody sometime something certain

6.简单的大多不是答案，复杂的是答案，字面意思不是答案，含义深刻的大多是答案

7.带虚词的大多是答案：

another, other, more, either, both, also, beside, additional, extra, different, same, particular, nearly, not enough

8.“变化”大多是答案：

change, delay, improve, postpone, increase

9.“重要的、基础的”大多是答案：

important, necessity, essential, basis, be based on

10.文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是，就是你做错了。

11.用文章里举例的句子来作为选项，直接排除。200%错。(要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力)。

12.某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。即题眼。

13.每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。

14.很关键的一条，抓住每段的中心意思，也就是中心句。每段至少一句，最多2句。

15.若文章首段以why为开头的，这里若设题的话，选项里有because的，往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题，很少见了。

16.正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历年的所有真题，都是同意替换！就看你能不能找得到。

17.每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。

18.在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。

19.注意几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。

20.选项中出现ONLY的，目前还没有对的

1、正确选项反应的，往往是实质的，根本的内容。

2、正确的选项都是有改动的，即同意替换的都是对的。正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历年的所有真题，都是同意替换！就看你能不能找得到。那个关键词，就看你找没找得到，不管是什么类型的题。

3、排除2个选项以后，选出和文章主旨相关的选项即可。不知道主旨就把握关键词。

4、2个选项意思完全相反的，其中之一是对的。

5、一般而言，some people，表示作者不认同的观点。few people，表示作者的观点。

6、某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的。正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。

7、如果原文中出现“ A is B and C”。若某一问题，选项中出现了B没C，或者只出现C没B。肯定错，直接排除。可能你会问了，同时出现B and C 咋办？目前还没出现过这种情况。注意，这里说的B和C，是单词或者短语。这是干扰项的特点之一。实际情况是，这个句子不是题眼。还一种情况是，若B和C是2个长句子，中间用分号隔开的。且这两个句子都是作者想表达的，选项中都出现了。一般来说，选项中会对其中之一做错误的修改来作为干扰项。而另一个是对的。

九、错误选项的秘密：

1、原句重复出现，200%错。

2、例子来做选项，200%错。

3、选项中出现ONLY 的，目前还没有对的。

4、说明原因的，且仅仅是说明原因而已。目前没有对的。

5、选项的单词是拼凑的，200%错。选项中的几个单词，是该段中不同句子里的单词拼凑的，有时看上去很舒服，注意，干扰项。还有从不同的段落里的词拼凑到一起的，直接排除。

6、就文章某一方面而说的，其特点是：所涉及的，仅仅是某一个小问题，或者很具体，非常具体的一件实事。200%错。

7、起修饰作用的词或句子，来做选项，一般是错的。一定要注意，谁是用来修饰谁的。

8、对选项中的“重点词”（即主语、宾语、修饰语）都要看清楚。有的时候，选项中，会对原文中本来正确的事做错误的修改，来作为干扰项。你

要注意的是，选项句子的主语（与原文）是否一致、宾语是否符合原文意思，或者用一些牵强的修饰词，来做一些特殊的限定。要看清楚。这是干扰项的特点之一。

9、干扰项有时出现的生词（可能是你不认识的），是与文章主题无关的词，而非同意替换。

10、选项反应的若是很具体的某一表现，一般都是干扰项。

阅读理解的十大考点

1.列举处常考细节题，特别是Which型和Except型;

2.转折处和对比处常考

However, but, yet, in fact, although, unlike,until, however, but等。

3.例子常考推断题和细节题

as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc.

4.数字和年代常考

文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。

5.最高级和绝对性词汇常考，答案具有唯一性

must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most,first.

6.专有名词常考人名、地名等专有名词

7.细节处常考细节题

同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式。

8.因果句常考推断题

因果连词：because,since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc

因果动词：cause,result in，originate from, etc

因果名词：base,basis, result, consequence. etc

9.段落中心句常考主题题和细节题

段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处，10.特殊标点常考细节题

破折号、括号、冒号表解释，引号表示引用

考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc

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