新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题修订稿

新版中石油职称英语模

拟考试题

公司标准化编码 [QQX96QT-XQQB89Q8-NQQJ6Q8-MQM9N]

模拟试题二

I Vocabulary Section A

Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.

1.A fter we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decided to settle there ____

A. in turn

B. for good

C. as usual

D. at most

2.High speed aircraft is made of metals that can____ both high temperature and pressure.

A. stand by

B. put up with

C. withhold

D. withstand

3.He failed again in the driving test. I don’t know why____ he was so nervous.

A. in the earth

B. on the earth

C. in earth

D. on earth

4.No one can behave _，completely regardless of social conventions.

A. at will

B. at random

C. on purpose

D. on easy

5.W ith the winter here you can ____ these skirts till you need them again next summer.

A. do away with

B. put away

C. get rid of

D. give away

6.In the bitter cold, the explorers managed to despite the shortage of food.

A. live

B. survive

C. bear

D. endure

7.It is _practice to bring a present to ____ the hostess when one is invited to dinner.

A. general

B. usual

C. ordinary

D. common

8.T he Johnsons __ t he house before they decided to buy it.

A. looked out

B. looked over

C. looked after

D. looked on

9.It was a long time before the cut on my hand ____ completely.

A. healed

B. recovered

C. improved

D. cured

10.He has to make a living by himself because he doesn’t have parents to

____.

A. keep on

B. depend with

C. rely on

D. go to

Section B

Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.

11.Many parental groups advocate against lower drinking ages.

A. recommend

B. protest

C. hurry

D. rebel

12.S upply side economic ideas have spread in popularity throughout the western world.

A. disseminated

B. grown

C. increased

D. enlarged

13.S ince I has been ill, my appetite has diminished.

A. desire for exercise

B. desire for visitors

C. desire for sleep

D. desire for food

14.H er husband is very competent: he will repair the roof himself.

A. capable

B. industrious

C. thrifty

D. careful

15.C ontrary to popular belief, Cleopatra, the famous Egyptian queen, was

Greek, spoke six language, and was a brilliant military strategist.

A. an intelligent

B. a known

C. a professional

D. a popular

16. A conscientious teacher spends hours preparing for classes and correcting students' papers.

A. creative

B. skillful

C. leading

D. careful

17.The initial step is often the most difficult.

A. quickest

B. longes

C. last

D. first

18.H e was greatly vexed by the new and unexpected development.

A. astonished

B. annoyed

C. enlightened

D. contented

19.I n order to strengthen both the forearm and the grip, many athletes will

repeatedly squeeze a tennis ball in their hands.

A. drench

B. impale

C. penetrate

D. compress

20.Isaac Stem manipulates his violin with exquistite beauty and grace.

A. handles

B. carries

C. treats

D. maintains

II.Grammatical Structure

Section A

Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.

21.It is human nature to think back to a Golden Age ____ one's country was strong and respected.

A. when

B. provided

C. as

D. unless

22.Isn’t it lovely to think that I ____ myself on the sunny beach tomorrow at this time.

A. will enjoy

B. am enjoying

C. will be enjoying

D. shall enjoy

23.He always dreams of ____ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential.

A. there being

B. there to be

C. there is

D. being

24.I’d just as soon remind those important documents with you.

A. that you won’t take

B. your not taking

C. please don’t take

D. you didn’t take

25. ___ ，the book has many mistakes.

A. Having not been written carefully

B. Not writing carefully

C. Having written not carefully

D. Not having been written

carefully

26.1 guess Jones didn’t have a chance to win the election.____ the people in the city voted for his

opponent

A. Most all of

B. Most of all

C. Almost all of

D. Almost the whole of

27.Your hair needed ; 1 am glad you had it cut.

28.

A. cut

B. cutting

C. to cut

D. being cut

28. __ at the railway station when it began to rain.

A. Hardly had he arrived

B. Hardly he had arrived

C. No sooner did he arrive

D. No sooner arrived he

29. __ the number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks of

vacation seems generous.

A. Compared with

B. Compared

C. Comparing with

D. Comparing

30.He is younger than

A. any other boy in the class

B. any boy in the class

C. all boys in the class

D. you and me as well as the class

Section B

Directions: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.

31.In the United States, the Cabinet consist of a group advisers, each of whom is chosen by the

A B CD

President to head an executive department of the government.

32.A great aviation pioneer. Amelia Earthart was already famous when she sets out on her

A B C

ill-fated attempt to circle the globe in 1936.

D

33.Total amount of the membership dues collected at the annual conference eas

misplaced.

A B C D

34.Your intelligent and energy will help you solve any problem you encounter;

use

A B

these strengths wisely.

C D

35.My colleagues and I did not find the new software program to be easy as

the old one.

A B CD

36.Mr. Lyons called to find out where was the meeting being held.

ABC D

37.Rapidly fallen oil prices caused OPEC ministers to meet and plan a

strategy.

A B CD

38.The voters were disappointed since they had expected knowing the

outcome of the

A B C

election before now.

D

39.The manager should receive a telephone call from Tokyo this morning,

transfer it to his

ABC D

extension.

40.L ooking for the perfect location and are assessing the needs of their company,

the members

A B

of the executive committee took a long time before making their decision.

C D

III. Cloze Test

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices

marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.

Then mark your

answer on the Answer Sheet.

Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that go into the collecting of those

fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always

asked of me is 41 I became an animal collector in the first place. The answer is that I have

always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able

~' to say with any 42 was not the conventional "mamma" or "daddy", 43 the word "zoo",

which I would repeat over and over again with a shrill voice until someone, in group to 44 me

up, would take me to the zoo. When I grew a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great

45 of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare-time exploring the

countryside in search of fresh specimens to 46 to my collection of pets. later on I went for a

year to the City Zoo, as a student 47 , to get experience of the large animals, such as lions,

bears, bison and ostriches, which were not easy to keep at home~ When I left, I successfully had

enough money of my own to be able to 48 my first trip and I have been going regularly ever

since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of 49, it is certainly a job

which will appeal 70 all those who Jove animals and travel.

4 1. A. how B. where C. when

D. whether

42. A. clarity B. emotion C. sentiment

D. affection

43. A. except B. but C. except for

D. but for

44. A. close B. shut C. stop

D. comfort

45. A. many B. amount C. number

D. supply

46. A. increase B. include C. add

D. enrich

47. A. attendant B. keeper C. member

D. aide

48. A. pay B. provide C. allow

D. finance

49. A. expectations B. sorrows C. excitement

D. disappointments

50. A. for B. with C. to

D. from

IV. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and

D. You should

decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:

According to the dictionary definition of "create", ordinary people are creative every day. To

create means "to bring into being, to cause to exist"--something each of us does daily.

We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way.

First this

involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sense to become aware of

our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we

plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.

A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things.

If we believe the

expression, "There is nothing new under the sun," the creativity is remaking or recombining the

old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a

better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and

filters to create an unusual photograph.

A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new

ideas, to apply

them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work

is another.

These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also

involved in many of our day to day activities.

51. The author holds that

A. creativity is of highly demand

B. creativity is connected with a deep insight to some extent

C. creativity is to create something new and concrete

D. to practise and practise is the only way to cultivate one's creativity

52. "There is nothing new under the sun." (Par. 3) really implies that __

A. we can seldom create new things

B. a new thing is only a tale

C. a new thing can only be created at the basis of original things

D. we can scarcely see really new things in the world

53. What does the author think about the relationship between a new thought and

its being put

into practice?

A. It's more difficult to create a new thought than to apply it in

practice.

B. To find a new thought will definitely lead to the production of a new

thing.

C. One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.

D. A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an

inventor.

54. The best title for this passage is __

A. How to Cultivate One's Creativity

B. What is Creativity

C. The Importance of Creativity

D. Creativity--a Not Farway Thing

Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:

Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the

household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person

possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was

transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room,

sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white--a habit that

added to her reputation as an eccentric.

In their determination to read Dickinson's life in terms of a traditional romantic plot,

biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life--her struggle to create a female life not yet

imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and

emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William

Luce's 1976 play, the Belle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst society in the

1850's transformed her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her

poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affair, but rather a part of a more

general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self sovereignty, carried on an

argument with the puritan fathers, attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine,

their stem patriarchal God, and their rigid notions of "true womanhood".

55. What's the author's main purpose in the passage?

A. To interpret Emily Dickinson's eccentric behavior.

B. To promote the popular myth of Emily Dickinson.

C. To discuss Emily Dickinson's failed love affair.

D. To describe the religious climate in Emily Dickinson's time.

56. Which of the following is not mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson's

eccentricities?

A. Refusing to eat.

B. Wearing only white.

C. Avoiding visitors.

D. Staying in her room.

57. The author implies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson's seclusion to

__

A. physical illness

B. a failed love affair

C. religious fervor

D. her dislike of people

58. It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society

that was

characterized by __

A. strong Puritan beliefs

B. equality of men and women

C. the encouragement of nonconformity

D. the appreciation of poetic creativity

Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:

Once upon a time, the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around. Plenty of

rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over. Plenty of space for parks and factories. Plenty

of forests to cut and grasslands to pl0w. But that was once upon a time.. The days of unused land

are over. Now the land has been spoken for, fenced off, carved up into cities and farms and

industrial parks, put to use.

At the same time, the population keeps growing. People need places to work

and places to

play. So we need more sites for more industries, more beaches for more sunbathers, and more

clean rivers for more fishers. And it isn't just a matter of population growth.

Our modem

technology has needs that must be met, too. We need more coal for energy, and we need more

power plants; cars must have highways and parking lots, and jets must have airports. Each of

these land uses swallows up precious space. Highways and expressways alone take some 200,000

acres each year. And urban sprawl -- the spreading out of cities -- is expected to gobble up vast

areas of land by the year 2,000. But there is only so much land to go around. It is always hard to

decide. Take, for example, a forest. A forest can be a timber supply. It can provide a home for

wildlife. It is scenery and a recreation area for man. It is soil and watershed protection.

59. "...the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around" means that

__

A. the United States seemed to have vast land for its people to walk around

B. the United States seemed to have enough land for sharing with everyone

C. the United States could provide whatever its inhabitents' needs

D. the United States was not able to allow its people to do what they wanted

to

60. The sentence of "Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left

over" suggests that

A, the United States had a lot of rivers to dam and many rural valleys, too

B. the rivers could be dammed later

C. rural valleys would be considered in the future

D. people needn't think of the rivers and valleys

61. "Now the land has been spoken for, ..." tells us that __

A. today, land has shown its values

B. now, people have said something about land

C. nowadays, land has been claimed by human beings

D. recently, people spoke for the land

62. The word "sprawl" indicates that

A. cities are developing very fast to meet the people's demands

B. urban areas are diminishing smoothly

C. urban areas are enlarging steadily in a planned way

D. cities are spreading out without any plans

Questions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds

of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is

that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There

are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different

beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed

societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.

In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to

see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And

although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.

Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the

material aspects of the culture than in the non material, for example, in technology rather than in

values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early;

in the less basic

and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in

the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the

culture rather than in strange elements.

Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in

human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies (一分为二). This is

one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other

American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white

counterparts.

63. What kind of society tends to promote social changes?

A. A society where people are similar in many ways.

B. A society where there are only white people.

C. A society where there are only black people.

D. A society where there is a mixture of different kinds of people.

64. Which of the following is not true, according to the passage?

A. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.

B. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they

were old.

C. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to promote social

change.

D. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional

aspects of society.

65. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite

similar in many ways

because

A. people there are easy to please

B. people there are less argumentary

C. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom

think it

necessary to change

D. people there have same needs that can be satisfied without much

difficulty

66. The passage is mainly discussing

A. two different societies

B. certain factors that determine the case with which social change occurs

C. the necessity of social change

D. the significance of social change

Section B

Directions: You should answer questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.

Tidal Power

Undersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the future.

A Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines

comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships’ propellers, but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide，wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as

Japan and New Zealand.

B Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth or more

of the UK’s power and at prices competitive with modem gas turbines and

undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry. One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country's electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain’s largest and newest nuclear plant, Sizewell B，in Suffolk. Other sites

identified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland.

C Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are well advanced at the

University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group. The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampton research, said: “The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years wc will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.” Southampton has been awarded ￡215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there are strong tidal currents.

D A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of a wind

generator to produce three times as much power. The blades will be about 20 meters in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required. Unlike wind power, there are unlikely to be environmental objections. Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater cables. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.

E Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there arc powerful

currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.

F One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning

blade causes air bubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: “We have to test a number of blade types to

avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.”

Questions 67-70

This passage has six paragraphs, A-F. Which paragraph contains the following information Choose the correct letter, A-F, for questions 67-70 and mark your choice on the answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

67. the location of the first test site

68. a way of bringing the power produced on one site back into Britain

69. a reference to a previous attempt by Britain to find an alternative source of

energy

70. mention of the possibility of applying technology from another industry

Questions 71-75

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage For questions 71-75, choose

A. if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)

B. if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)

C. if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this (NOT GIVEN)

71. It is a more reliable source of energy than wind power.

72. Its introduction has come as a result of public pressure.

73. It could contribute to the closure of many existing power stations in Britain.

74. It could face a lot of resistance from other fuel industries.

75. It is best produced in the vicinity of coastlines with particular

features.

2015新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题_1(word版)

模拟试題一 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1.I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ____ what color it was. A. make out B. look to C. look out D. take in 2.He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been____ A. imposed B. exposed C. composed D. opposed 3.You should these tables and buy new ones. A. throw off B. throw down C. throw up D. throw away 4. _ ____ their suggestions， we will discuss them fully at the next meeting. A. In regard for B. In regard to C. With regard of D. Regardless for 5.On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ____ eye. A. naked B. bare C. flesh D. pure 6.Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A. opportunities B. necessities C. probabilities D. realities 7.I found myself completely _ ____ by his vivid performance. A. carried out B. carried off C. carried away D. carried on 8.Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success ____ him in his later study. A. persuaded B. promised C. urged D. encouraged 9.This is the first time you have been late. A. under no circumstances B. on no account C. by no means D. for no reason 10.The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red. A. set up B. catch up C. shut up D. pull up Section B Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.- 11.The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away. A. almost B. essentially C. always D. conveniently

2013中石油职称英语考试课文详解

1.The V alue of Time时间的价值 1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time. 1.employ v. 使用，采用，雇佣，使忙于 employer n. 雇主，老板 employee n. 雇员，从业人员 employment n. 使用，职业，雇佣 Employment rate 就业率，雇用率 2.Either …or… 要么…要么…; 二者择一的 Neither… nor… 两者都不 Both… and… 两者都 3.fetch 取来，接来，到达 4.add to增添，添加，加强 5.so as to 以便，以致 6.enable sb to do sth 使得某人做某事 7.There is no doubt that…毫无疑问 8.think nothing of… 把… 视为平常 think a lot of… 看重；对… 高度评价 9.convertible adj. 可改变的，可交换的 convert v. … into… 使转变，转换，使…改变信仰 10.be equivalent to… 11.be tantamount to…相当于…; 无异于的 If you say one thing is tantamount to another, more serious thing, you are emphasizing how bad, unacceptable, or unfortunate the first thing is by comparing it to the second thing. 例句：What Bracey is saying is tantamount to heresy. 布里斯正在说的无异于异端邪说。 12.Think twice再三考虑，重新考虑 think twice about doing sth. 三思而后再决定做某事 13.Give one’s consent（n.）to sth…同意，赞成 例句：At approximately 11:30 p.m., pollard finally gave his consent to the search. 大约晚上11：30的时候，波拉得终于对搜查予以同意。

职称英语考试真题及答案

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1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Managemen t主持会议六大准则 1.If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management. 1.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。 2.Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow. 2.总要准时开会。如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。 3.Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped. You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well. 3.安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。日后你可能需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题，做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点。 4.Learn to listen. So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process, block out valid points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people. Meeting that are characterized by effective listening are successful meetings. 4.学会倾听。常见的是，我们想的是我们将要说些什么，因此就妨碍了听取别的与会者说出的合理论点。再有，我们经常只听我们想要听的，而不是真正地倾听他人的意见。能有效倾听意见的会议是成功的会议。 5.Keep the discussion on track. Many times important issues can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If you anticipate a conflict prior to the meeting, discuss the issue with participants in advance. If an unanticipated conflict develops once the meeting is in progress, either appoint a subcommittee to look into the problem, or ask participants involved in the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize the chances of wasting participants’valuable time. 5.让讨论紧扣主题。往往许多重大问题在会议上容易离题，特别是当每位与会者对问题意见不同时。如果会前你已预料到会有冲突发生，那就提前与当事人交换一下意见。如果会议期间有未曾预料到的冲突发生，委派一个小组委员会对出现的问题予以调查，或者请卷入冲突的人员会后与你再谈。这样能够让讨论紧扣主题，并尽可能少浪费与会者的宝贵时间。 6.Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. Some people tend to monopolize meetings, whereas others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to keep an open mind and make sure everyone feels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism. 6.给每位与会者说出自己看法的机会。有些人易于滔滔不绝占据会议的大部分时间，而有些人则等着被别人叫才开口。作为会议主持人，你需要思想开阔，无偏袒之心，确保每位与会者都能感到，表达自己的想法是受欢迎的，不会受到别人非难。 7.End on time. If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the meeting lasts for noly an hour. Meeting participants tend to plan the rest of their day around the time allotted for the meeting. Running late with a meeting makes members tardy for other appointments, increases the chances that members will mentally leave the meeting, and reduces your credibility as an effective meeting manager. 7.准时结束会议。如果你说了会议不会超过1小时，那就要保证会议只持续1小时。与会者的日程安排往往受到会议的左右。会议超时会导致他们迟赴别的约会，增加他们心不在焉的可能性，也会降低你作为一位善于主持会议