2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(36)

2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(36)

You Bet Your Life 以命相赌

1. Life insurance is not really betting although it can be compared to it. You pay the money just in case. In this day and age,we think of insurance as a natural thing. If we scrape a fender or injure ourselves at work,we know that

there is some sort of payment that we can get through insurance. Of course,we don't get it for nothing; we make payments to the companies. If we don't use the insurance,the companies keep the money.

1、生命保险不是真正意义上的赌博，虽然它能与赌博相比较，

你花了钱以防意外。在今天和这个时代，我们认为保险是一件很自然

的事。如果我们划破了皮肤或者在工作中伤着了自己，我们知道通过

保险我们能获得某种赔款。当然，我们不是无功受禄，我们给保险公

司付了钱。我们如果没有使用这项保险，保险公司就赚了这笔钱。

2."Insurance" is the term that we understand today. Some companies are beginning to use the term "assurance”. As a matter of fact,Charles Babbage,over one hundred years

ago,felt that "assurance" was a better term. Apparently few others did,because "insurance" has stayed with us until today.

2、“保险”是我们今天能够理解的一个词语。某些公司现在开

始用“保证”这样的词语。事实上，早在一百余年前，查尔斯先生就

认为“保证”是一个更恰当的词语。显然很少有别的人这样认为，因

为“保险”这个词已经伴随我们至今。

3. How old is insurance? Two hundred years? A thousand? Or is it as old as man? I suppose that would depend upon what you mean. We might say that "insurance" was with us while man

was just beginning to develop civilization. One family or

tribe might feel that they would be helped if they helped to protect another family or tribe. In this way,both groups got what they needed-protection from enemies. Of course,you and I don't need that kind of protection today.

3、那么“保险”到底有多久的历史?两百年?一千年?或者和人类

历史一样长远?我认为问题将取决于你的问题的本意到底是什么。我们

能够说，在人类开始发展自己的文明时，“保险”就与人类在一起了。一个家庭或者部落去协助了另外一些家族或部落不受侵袭，他们认为

自己也会得到协助。这样，两个集体都得到了他们所需要的东西：防

御敌人。当然，今天你我都不再需要这种保护。

4. This system of trading services with each other has been with us for quite a while. The idea of an old age

pension is certainly older than you might think. Today you think of social security or some other system. Most people

who retire are still able to receive money that they have

paid into the system during their working days. The idea of a reward for services like this is quite an old one. The

trouble was that the reward was not always given to

everyone,nor was it given to those who deserved it most.

4、这个互相交易服务体系已经伴随我们相当一段时间了。关于

老年退休金理念的产生比你想象的要早得多。今天，你想到社会保障

系统或其它别的社会系统。绝大部分人退休后仍然能够拿到钱，这些

钱是他们工作期间支付给社会保障系统的。这种给服务以回报的理念

是很古老的。问题在于：报酬不是任何时候给每一个人，甚至不是给

本身最应该得到这个报酬的人。

5. What happened when man began to move into the cities from the farms? He found that he could no longer support himself by growing his own food. His children and relatives

might move away to another city,and there might be no way of earning enough money. Perhaps because of this,the idea of social security and insurance developed. Now insurance companies are near the top of the list of the biggest business in the United States.

5、当一个人从农村移居城市时会发生什么事?他发现，他用自己生产的食品养活自己的日子一去不复返。他的孩子和亲属可能搬往其它城市，但是那里可能没有办法赚到充足的钱。也许恰恰因为这些，社会安全和保险的思想发展了。如今，在美国，保险公司的名字正名列企业名单的榜首。

6. Some of the first commercial insurance companies began around 1580 in England. These companies were some of the first to accept payment for insurance. Fire insurance became more popular after the fire in London in 1666.This was one of the most terrible fires in history. It lasted for five days. London had to be rebuilt almost completely. No wonder that many people decided to try fire insurance after that.

6、1580年左右，英国第一批商业保险公司开始营业。这几家是最早接受为保险付费的公司中的一部分。1666年伦敦大火之后，火灾险变得普及。伦敦大火是历最严重的火灾之一，它持续了五天。伦敦几乎需要全部重建。难怪很多人在其后决定试买火灾险。

7. We think today's insurance companies are large,but there was also a pretty big company about two hundred years ago in England. The company still does business. The name of the company is Lloyd's of London. It carried more than ￡600,000 of insurance between 1793&1815.The England pound was then worth many times what it is worth today; so you can see how big Lloyd's was then. Of course,it didn't make money all the time. For example,around 1975 the company paid a

claim of ￡190,000.In American money,that would be nearly

half a million dollars.

7、我们觉得今天的保险公司都很大，但在200年前的英国，也

有一家相当大的保险公司。这家名叫伦敦劳埃德的保险公司至今仍在

营业，1793到1815年间，该公司包括了60万英镑保险。当时英镑的

价值是它今天价值的很多倍，你能够想象当时的劳埃德公司有多大。

显然，它不可能所有时间都赚钱。例如，1795年，它支付给客户19万英镑保险金。折算成美元，它差不多是五十万美金。

8. Lloyd’s has become famous for some of the unusual things it has insured. For instance Lloyd has insured against the birth of twins. If twins had been born to the family insured,the company would have had to pay a certain amount of money to the parents. You can see in this example that some insurance is a little like gambling. There have also been

many cases of famous performers or athletes who have insured themselves against accidents. Suppose a very good actor

feared that his looks could be injured. If they were,he would not be able to make a living as an actor. Therefore,he might attempt to insure himself against that possibility.

8、劳埃德之所以有名还因为它对一些非平常的事实行保险。例

如它保险不生双胞胎。如果投险家庭生出双胞胎，保险公司将必须支

付一定数量的钱给父母。在这个例子里，你能看到某些保险是有一点

像赌博。还有些演员和运动员对他们在活动中的意外事故保险。假定

一个非常好的演员害怕他的容貌可能受伤。如果事情发生了，他将不

能作为演员赚钱生活。所以，他可能试图针对这种可能性保险他自身。

9. Now there are companies that will insure people for damage caused by a sonic boom. A sonic boom is the loud crash and shaking that happens when a jet plane goes faster than

the speed of sound. When this happens,a shock wave hits the

earth and may break windows or cause ceilings to crack. If you're not near an airport used by jets,you may not need to worry about sonic booms,but some people do suffer damage in this way. They want to make sure that they don't have to pay all the repair bills themselves.

9、现在，有些保险公司将对声爆对人们造成的损害保险。声爆是当喷气式飞机超音速行驶时产生的巨大碰撞和摇动声。当声爆发生时，冲击波击打地面，可能震破窗户或造成顶棚破裂。如果你不在靠近喷气机场的地方住，你不需要担心声爆，但是，某些人的确在这方面受到损害。他们希望得到保证，使自己不必付这些修理费。

10. From protection against enemies to social security to sonic booms,insurance has come a long way.

10、从保证不受敌人侵犯，到社会安全，到声爆，保险业走过了一条长长的路。

通用英语选读

专业英语培训内容 1. A World without Oil假如世界上没有石油 Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world ran out of oil? Take a look at your day. The roof of your home is probably made waterproof by an oil product, bitumen. The same product is used for the road surface outside your home. Before you leave to go to work or school, just examine your surroundings. Is the room warmer than the cold air outside? oil , or electricity from oil-fed generators may be keeping you comfortably warm. If you are comfortably cool in a tropical climate, your air conditioning unit may also depend on oil-fed generators. In the kitchen and the bathroom you will probably see some plastic fittings, such as tiles and working surfaces; polystyrene cups; curtains made from synthetic materials; disinfectants and detergents. All owe their origin to the oil known as petroleum。Latin/Greek 'petra', rock, and Latin 'oleum', oil), found deep in the earth. Look inside the medicine cupboard for more petroleum products, medical paraffin and petroleum jelly. Cosmetics such as face creams, lipsticks and hair preparations are often based on petroleum.。 When you're out, notice the fields and gardens. Fertilizers and insecticides made from petroleum can improve crop production. Recently protein feeds for animals have been developed by growing yeast in a petroleum based stock.As you head for your bus, train or car, all of which use petroleum products in the form of fuel to move them and lubricants to keep them in working order. take a look in the mirror. What are you wearing today? A polyester shirt or dress, nylon socks or stockings, and acrylic sweater - a raincoat of PVC (polyvinyl chloride)? All of these are based on petroleum products. Scientists predict that the world's 'known oil resources will run out early in the next century. But long before then the world will have to decide on its priorities. Can we afford to use so much of our limited petroleum supplies for private motoring? Should airlines compete on similar routes allowing planes to fly long distances with empty passenger seats? What alternative energy resources can be developed?。 There is an old English saying, "Necessity is the mother of invention,"which means that when you are faced with a need you will discover some way of fulfilling it. Already scientists are proposing some fascinating solutions. There is one suggestion that the

2013中石油职称英语考试课文详解

1.The V alue of Time时间的价值 1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time. 1.employ v. 使用，采用，雇佣，使忙于 employer n. 雇主，老板 employee n. 雇员，从业人员 employment n. 使用，职业，雇佣 Employment rate 就业率，雇用率 2.Either …or… 要么…要么…; 二者择一的 Neither… nor… 两者都不 Both… and… 两者都 3.fetch 取来，接来，到达 4.add to增添，添加，加强 5.so as to 以便，以致 6.enable sb to do sth 使得某人做某事 7.There is no doubt that…毫无疑问 8.think nothing of… 把… 视为平常 think a lot of… 看重；对… 高度评价 9.convertible adj. 可改变的，可交换的 convert v. … into… 使转变，转换，使…改变信仰 10.be equivalent to… 11.be tantamount to…相当于…; 无异于的 If you say one thing is tantamount to another, more serious thing, you are emphasizing how bad, unacceptable, or unfortunate the first thing is by comparing it to the second thing. 例句：What Bracey is saying is tantamount to heresy. 布里斯正在说的无异于异端邪说。 12.Think twice再三考虑，重新考虑 think twice about doing sth. 三思而后再决定做某事 13.Give one’s consent（n.）to sth…同意，赞成 例句：At approximately 11:30 p.m., pollard finally gave his consent to the search. 大约晚上11：30的时候，波拉得终于对搜查予以同意。

中石油2016通用英语选读课文36To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命

36 To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命 （be content with 对…满足；lot n. 命运） 1. Peter Hessler described two lifestyles and asked his Chinese students to choose the one they preferred, either a very long yet<但是> ultimatelyaverage<平常的，平均的>and uneventful life, or a very exciting, fun-filled life that only lasted 24 years. Almost all of his 20 something<大约，左右> year old students chose the first option. This surprised Peter because, from his experience with American youths, he was sure the Americans wouldn't have chosen a long, uneventful life. 1、彼得?赫斯勒请他的中国学生在以下两种生活方式中选择其一：一种是平庸却长寿，另一种是只能活24年却享乐无比。那些20岁左右的学生们几乎都选择了第一种生活。彼得十分惊讶，在他看来美国青年并不会如此一致地选择平庸但长寿的生活（可译为：这令彼得十分惊讶，因为以他对美国青年的经验，他认定他们不会选择平庸但长寿的生活）。 2. The Chinese traditionally think an uneventful, but long life is better than a short life full of fun and adventure. There's even an idiom<习语>for the traditional Chinese attitude, "A good death is worse than a lazy life." This saying<谚语>reveals<显示，揭露>a deeply ingrained sense of optimism<乐观> and acceptance of fate<宿命>. It's nothing at all like the Western idea of heroes made through tragedy. 2、无聊无趣但天长地久地活下去，好过冒生命之险求得享乐的短命，这似乎是中国传统的价值观(直译为：具有传统观念的中国人认为：平凡但长寿要好过沉浸于快乐与冒险的短寿)。有习语为证：“好死不如赖活着。”它透露出根深蒂固的乐观与宿命。与英雄产生于悲剧的西方价值观完全不同(It's nothing at all；at all 根本；完全，用于否定句中)。 3. 30 years ago, at the beginning of China's reform<改革>, a group of intellectuals<知识分子>believed the acceptance of one's lot would hurt the growth of the People's Republic<中华民族>. The way they saw it, the Westerners' "seafaring culture<航海文化，蓝色文明>" had allowed them to expand<扩展，扩张> and advance while China's "agrarian culture<耕地文化，黄土文化>" had shut the country off from the world and kept it focusing on itself. 3、30年前改革开放之初，一批知识分子认为乐天知命、安于本分的传统观念有害于中华民族的发展。在他们看来，西方的“蓝色文明”使其开放、进步；（allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事）而中国的“黄土文化”使之封闭、守旧（shut off 切断；keep

2019中石油职称英语考试历年单选汇总2016-2018年.pdf

2016年. 【农民】__theirland. 丧失 ,__provedthathewasn'tworkinghardenough.非限制性定语 倒装句 Athens同位语 翻译：奥林匹克马拉松赛跑为26英里，385码.大约为马拉松到雅典的距离 ,wedecided totakethetrain.完成被动的非谓语动词形式 与…打成一片 【记录】theplain【平常的，简单的】facts【事实，真相】ofsmalltownlife. 非谓语动词 抚养 ：为了 ''tknowmorethanyoudo. ''llmoveinsoonandweneedtobuy__furniture. 【药方】 【生物学家】doesnotmerely【仅仅】describe【描述】organisms【有机物】,buttriestolearn__actastheydo. "Hashecomeback....Yes,he__back forthreedays. 【32课】同位语 翻译：生态学，即研究生物与其环境之间关系的科学，在石油地质中也很重要。 ,theearth__coveredbywater.【55课】虚拟语气

翻译：如果所有的大陆和山脉被推平，那么地球表面将被一层超过12000英尺深的水所覆盖。 "veryhappy".【5课】 翻译：拥有五个或更多亲密朋友的人自认“非常快乐”的机会高出他人50%。【不协调的，不相配的】withgoodhealth. ' ' 2017年 .【31课】 翻译：老人把手浸在盐水里，努力保持头脑清醒。 虚拟语气（过去相反） 翻译：Smith上周非常忙，否则他就去看你了。 . 非谓语动词 翻译：她需要买所有的东西，她将要离开市场，在小镇的街上再花费一个小时。 翻译：我很感激三年前给我的出国工作的机会。 ,__isclearfromtheexpressionsonhisface.【模拟三】as引导的非限制性定语从句翻译：他得了第一名，他脸上的表情清楚地表明了这一切。 . 【大纲原句】 翻译:直到后来他们才意识到发生了多么可怕的事情。 ,airtrafficcontrollersrelyonradar. 翻译：为了追踪机场航行中的飞机，空中交通控制台要用雷达。 ……to：太……而不能

中石油2016通用英语选读课文

4 How to Negotiate<谈判> with Americans 如何与美国人谈判 1.美国是一个富有吸引力的市场。它给世界带来的诸如“股东价值”和“首次公开募股”的商业文化近几年来一直引导着商业思想，并且在未来几年内还将保持。但是无论是谁，想要在美国取得成功，都必须记住游戏的规则。 2.美国的商业，在《纽约，纽约》这首歌的歌词中是这样描述的：“如果你能在这里取得成功，你就能在别的任何地方取得成功!” 但是愉快的做生意的方法是绝对不够的。虽然在美国的商业沟通是愉快的和自在的，但是它同时也因为不讲情面而成为焦点。

3.沟通是美国人与生俱来的才能。双方谈判的时候，闲聊和微笑是很重要的。美国人比英国人更幽默也更直接。（that 引导定语从句，可以译为：美国人自由地使用幽默感，这种幽默感比英国人更加直接。）如果你和美国人谈话，要很放松并且要准备很多笑话来吸引听众的注意力。 4.美国人不拘礼节。商业伙伴不会在他们的名片上写他们的毕业院校。会议期间会提供一些用塑料瓶或盒子装的三明治和饮料。你的生意伙伴很可能会在办公室随意地做一些事情或聊他们的家庭。

5.“时间就是金钱”这种态度在美国的生意场上的影响力比其他任何领域都强。在简单的寒暄之后，美国谈判双方很快地切入主题，甚至社会上举办的联欢会都会被利用来讨论生意。 6.美国人做生意很注重实效，他们就是想赢。相比之下，发展与商业伙伴的个人关系（与得到的谈判结果相比）就不是那么重要了。 7.而且美国谈判者想最快地获得结果。金融情况时刻受到关注（或直译为“财务业绩每季上报”），这对在短期内保证收益很重要。因此，许多美国契约在前言里面包含“时间就是生命”这一条款。所以美国人谈判很性急，但这不应该被理解为无礼，而是因为“时间就是金钱”的理念在起作用。

中国石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案

花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明： 1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。 2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。 3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。 中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D 【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。原题：The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manager. (discontinue) 【释义】break off v.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落 continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生 hurry v.赶快；（朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人）；迅速处理

2016年中石油职称英语真题及答案

2016年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案解析 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are some sentences inthis section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are tochoose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of theoriginal sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.Then mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1、In most countries,the crime of murder carries harsh penalties. A. unconscious B. thrive C. severe D.prudent 【参考答案】C 【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的 unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的 thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达 severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的 prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的 2、I tell my motherabout my trials at work and brag about the kids. A. lie B. boast C. secretive D. feel awkward 【参考答案】B 【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂 lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于 boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西） secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的 feelawkward 为难；作难；犯难 3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger. A. continue B. hurry C. begin D.discontinue 【参考答案】D 【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。原题：The employee had to break off theconversation in order to wait on his manager. (discontinue) 【释义】break off v.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落 continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生 hurry v.赶快；（朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人）；迅速处理 begin v.开始；启动；起始；开始存在（或进行） discontinue v.停止；终止；中断；终止（生产）

2016中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第1-10课-课文精讲

2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试 课后练习及答案 目录 1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2) 2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013版) (2) 3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的... . (4) 4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013版) (5) 5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料（2010版） (7) 6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版) (9) 7 OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (11) 8 THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (13) 9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (16) 10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (16)

1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增） 课后练习： 1.If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting ____. A. treatment B.requirement C.management D.improvement 2.If you begin on time, group members who ____ late will realize the value of time. A.bring up https://www.sodocs.net/doc/40551069.html,e up C.dress up D.show up 3. You may need to refer back to【查阅，重新提及】an issue ____ was discussed during the meeting at a later date. A.that B.what C.who D.where 4. ____, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than【而不是】really listening to other people. A.Traditionally B.Additionally C.Conditionally D.Exceptionlly 5.Many times important issues can get sidetracked【转变话题的】in a meeting, _____ when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. A.essentially B.entirelly C.extremely D.especially 6. If you ____ a conflict【冲突】prior to【在……之前】the meeting, discuss the issue with participants【参与者】in advance【提前】. A.anticipate B.participate C.preserve D.announce 7. If an unanticipated【不曾预料到的】conflict develops once the meeting is in progress 【进行中】, either appoint a subcommittee【小组委员会】to ____ the problem A.look into B.look on C. look over D.look through 答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5D 6A 7A 2. Network Security 网络安全(2013版) 课后练习： 1.Internet ____ theft 【失窃】is a growing—and very costly【昂贵的，expensive】—problem A.identify B.identity C. identical D.identification

中石油职称英语考试大纲

中石油职称英语考试大纲(不断更新） 附录1：晋升职称英语水平考试大纲 一、等级的划分 晋升职称英语水平考试共分为A、B两个等级。申报高级职称的人员需参加A级考试，申报中级职称的人员需参加B级考试。 二、评价目标 考试对应试者的英语词汇量、英语语法知识、阅读理解能力和翻译能力的要求分别如下：（一）词汇 1、申报A级的人员应熟练认知5000个左右的单词和短语。 2、申报B级的人员应熟练认知4000个左右的单词和短语。 （二）语法知识 应试者必须懂得英语基本语法结构和常用句型，能正确理解用这些结构和句型写成的句子。 1、名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法。 2、动词基本时态=语态的构成及其用法； 3、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法； 4、常用连接词的词义及其用法； 5、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法； 6、虚拟语气的构成及其用法； 7、各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）的基本用法及强调句型的结构； 8、常用倒装句的结构。 （三）阅读理解能力 应试者能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解英语书面材料。阅读能力重要包括下列几个方面： 1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意； 2、了解阐述主旨的事实和细节； 3、根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义； 4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系； 5、根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和理解； 6、领会作者的观点、意图和态度。 （四）翻译能力 应试者应具备在词汇、语法、句型等方面综合运用语言的能力。翻译文章难度相当于《通用英语选读》教材中课文的难度。要求理解正确，译文达意，无重大语言错误。 三、题型、题量和计分 题型、题量和所占分值如下表： 题型分主观题型和客观题型。第一部分为主观题型，第二部分为客观题型。客观题占总分的80%，主观题占20%。答题时间总计为120分钟。 第一部分、客观题。 本部分包括四种题型。 一、词汇 本部分20 小题，每小题1分，共20分，主要考查单词和词组的用法。要求应试者从每题四个选择项中选一最佳答案。

中石油2016通用英语选读课文59Forest Fires-a Major Disaster森林大火-可怕的灾难

59. Forest Fires: a Major Disaster 森林大火：可怕的灾难 1.The United States Forest Service<林业局>defines a wildfire<野火，山火>as “any fire that b urns uncontrolled in vegetativeor associated flammablematter,”and it divides the causes of wildfire in to nine general categories:lightning<闪电>,campfire<篝火>,smoking,debris burning(fires from clearing land or from burning trash<垃圾>，range，stubble，meadow<草地牧场>,rights-of-way<通行权，开路权，破路权>,logging slash,etc.),incendiary(fires willfullyset),equipment use(except railroad),railroad,children(under 12),and miscellaneous<其他adj混杂的>. 1.美国林务局如此定义山火：“任何在有植物或是相关的易燃物品上燃烧并无法控制的火灾”。山火的原因被分为九类：闪电、篝火、抽烟、废物燃烧（为了清除土地上的树木，或是燃烧垃圾、烧荒、开路、燃烧植物断株和砍伐剩余物等而引起的大火）、纵火（故意所为）、设备使用（不包括铁路火车）、铁路、儿童（12岁以下）以及其它。 2.Wildfires in this country occur at the rate of hundreds per day,and they destroy tens of millions of acres<英亩>of productive<肥沃的，多产的>land in any given year.Direct damage<直接损失>to timber<木材>and property<特性，财产>is reckoned in<计入，将…计算在内> the hundreds of millions of dollars per year,but no monetary value<币值，货币价值> can be assigned<指定的，赋值的> to the loss of human life and of wildlife that often accompanies<伴随…同时发生，陪伴> wildfires. 2.美国每天都有几百起的森林火灾发生，烧毁了几百万公顷的肥沃土地，对于伐木业和财产造成的损失每年高达几百万美元，然而它对人类和野生动物造成的生命损失是无法用金钱来衡量。 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/40551069.html,ernment statistics<统计>for a typical five-year period<周期>are both interesting and revealing.They can be broken down to show many aspects of the wildfire problem,among<其中> them two which are especially significant<重要>:the leading causes of wildfire and the total acreage burned by wildfire. 3.官方以五年为周期进行统计，其结果很有趣，也揭示了一些问题。这些数字可以从

2016年中石油职称英语水平考试复习资料1-5

1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Managemen t主持会议六大准则 1.If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management. 1.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。 2.Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow. 2.总要准时开会。如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。 3.Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped. You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well. 3.安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。日后你可能需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题，做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点。 4.Learn to listen. So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process, block out valid points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people. Meeting that are characterized by effective listening are successful meetings. 4.学会倾听。常见的是，我们想的是我们将要说些什么，因此就妨碍了听取别的与会者说出的合理论点。再有，我们经常只听我们想要听的，而不是真正地倾听他人的意见。能有效倾听意见的会议是成功的会议。 5.Keep the discussion on track. Many times important issues can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If you anticipate a conflict prior to the meeting, discuss the issue with participants in advance. If an unanticipated conflict develops once the meeting is in progress, either appoint a subcommittee to look into the problem, or ask participants involved in the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize the chances of wasting participants’valuable time. 5.让讨论紧扣主题。往往许多重大问题在会议上容易离题，特别是当每位与会者对问题意见不同时。如果会前你已预料到会有冲突发生，那就提前与当事人交换一下意见。如果会议期间有未曾预料到的冲突发生，委派一个小组委员会对出现的问题予以调查，或者请卷入冲突的人员会后与你再谈。这样能够让讨论紧扣主题，并尽可能少浪费与会者的宝贵时间。 6.Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. Some people tend to monopolize meetings, whereas others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to keep an open mind and make sure everyone feels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism. 6.给每位与会者说出自己看法的机会。有些人易于滔滔不绝占据会议的大部分时间，而有些人则等着被别人叫才开口。作为会议主持人，你需要思想开阔，无偏袒之心，确保每位与会者都能感到，表达自己的想法是受欢迎的，不会受到别人非难。 7.End on time. If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the meeting lasts for noly an hour. Meeting participants tend to plan the rest of their day around the time allotted for the meeting. Running late with a meeting makes members tardy for other appointments, increases the chances that members will mentally leave the meeting, and reduces your credibility as an effective meeting manager. 7.准时结束会议。如果你说了会议不会超过1小时，那就要保证会议只持续1小时。与会者的日程安排往往受到会议的左右。会议超时会导致他们迟赴别的约会，增加他们心不在焉的可能性，也会降低你作为一位善于主持会议

中石油通用英语选读课文40fundamental techniques in handling pe

40 Fundamental<基本的> Techniques in Handling<处理> People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 1. On the morning of April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay dying<奄奄一息地躺在>in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging<寄住的，暂住的>house directly across the street from Ford's Theater, where John Wilkes Booth had shot him. Lincoln's long body lay stretched<伸展> diagonallyacross a sagging<下陷的，下垂> bed that was too short for him. A cheap reproduction<复制品，仿制品> of Rosa Bonheur's famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismalgas jet<煤气喷嘴，煤气火焰>flickered<发出> yellow light. 1.1865年4月15日清晨,亚伯拉罕.林肯奄奄一息地躺在福特戏院对面一家廉价客栈的卧房里。约翰·威尔克斯·布斯枪杀了他。那张下陷的床对身材修长的林肯而言实在太短了。床的上方，挂着一件罗莎·邦赫的名画《马市》的廉价仿制品，一盏阴暗的煤气灯发出惨淡的黄晕。 2. As Lincoln lay dying, Secretary of War Stanton said, "There lie s the most perfect ruler<元首，统治者> of men that the world has ever seen." 2.当林肯奄奄一息地躺着时，陆军部长斯坦顿说：“躺在这里的，是世界上有史以来最完美的元首。” 3. What was the secret of Lincoln's success in dealing with people? I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for ten years and devoted<投入>all of three years to writing and rewriting<润色>a book entitled<书名叫做>Lincoln the Unknown. I believe I have made as detailed and exhaustive a study of Lincoln's personality<个性，人格，人品> and home life as it is possible for any being to make. I made a special study of Lincoln's method of dealing with people. Did he indulge in<热衷于，沉湎于>criticism? Oh, yes. As a young man in the Pigeon Creek Valley of Indiana, he not only criticize d but he wrote letters and poems<诗> ridiculingpeople and dropped these letters on the country roads where they were sure to be found. One of these letters aroused<引起> resentmentsthat burned for a lifetime. 3.林肯待人方面成功的秘诀是什么？我花了十年的时间研究亚伯拉罕·林肯的一生，并投入(devote to + n. / doing sth)了整整三年的时间写作和润色一本叫做《林肯