托福听力原文
0401
W: Hey Steve, got any plans for tonight?
M: Hi, Jane. No, I don't think so. Why? Got any suggestions?
W: In fact, I do. I just got two tickets to the opening of the exhibit of the reprints by Julia Margaret Cameron. I would have tomention it earlier, but I was on the waiting list for these tickets and I wasn't sure I'd even get them.
M: An exhibit, huh? I like such things. But I don't know who Julia……
W: Margaret Cameron! She was a photographer in the 1800s. She is interesting to art-historians in general and students ofphotography in particular because she ... how should I say, change the aesthetics for photography.
M: What do you mean?
W: Well, her specialty was portraits and instead of just making a factual record of details like most photographers did, you know, justcapturing what a person look like in a dispassionate thought of way. She, like a portrait painter, was interested in capturing hersubject's personality. M: Interesting! How did she do that?
W: She invented a number of techniques that affect the picture. Like one of these things she did was blur images slightly by using asoft focus on the subject. That's pretty common now.
M: Yeah, seen that. Who did she photograph?
W: Famous people of her day, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Charles Darwin, I don't know who else. We'll seeat the exhibition.
M: You really pick my curiosity. I am going to enjoy this.
31. What is the conversation mainly about? (A) A famous photographer
32. What did Julia Margaret Cameron emphasize in her portraits? (C) Her subject's personality
33. According to the conversation, what unique photographic technique did Margaret Cameron use? (D) Soft focus
34. What will be the subject of the pictures at the exhibit? (C) Well-known people
M: Do you want to the movies with on Saturday?
W: Thanks, but I have to study my research project. I'm taking that same anthropology course you took with Prof. Grady.
M: The one on ethnographic interviewing? Oh, good! I'm sure you'll get a lot out of it.
W: I have to admit the word "ethnography"(人种学) scared me a little at first. It seems so technical. But then when she explained that it's what anthropologists do, you know, how they investigate and record aspects of a culture, I didn't seem so intimidating!
M: Yeah, it's all part of the fields work anthropologists conduct and it's good to start doing that now before you become a graduatestudent and have to conduct large projects yourself. Who are you going to interview?
W: You know the publishing office where I used to work? Vivian, the woman I worked for, she's been a manager there for over 30years and had seen a lot of changes in the industry. I thought I'd start out by interviewing her about how the people in the officeinteract with each other and with outside clients.
M: Isn't it funny how we use the thing that anthropologists study to foreign cultures and had the travel halfway across the world to doit? The best part of that course is that it shows you that ethnographic research can also be done on a familiar ground.
W: Yeah. I got the idea from my project from reading Robert Marshal's study of office life and I
realized I already had somebackground in that. So far, I'm really enjoying this course.
35. What is the conversation mainly about? (B) An anthropology course the woman is taking
36. What does the woman say about the subject of ethnography? (A) It is not as difficult as she had thought it would be.
37. Why does the man think that the course will be a good one for the woman? (D) It will prepare her for future work in anthropology.
38. Who is the first person the woman will interview? (C) Her former boss
M: I'm going to pass this piece of amber around so you can see this spider trapped inside it. It's a good example of amber-inclusion,one of the inclusions that scientists are interested in these days. This particular piece is estimated to be about 20 million years old.Please be extremely careful not to drop it. Amber shatters as easily as glass. One thing I really like about amber is its beautiful goldencolor. Now, how does the spider get in there? Amber is really fossilized tree resin. Lots of chunks of amber contain insects like thisone or animal parts like feathers or even plants. Here is how it happens. The resin oozes out of the tree and the spider or leaf gets incased in it. Over millions and millions of years, the resin hardens and fossilizes into the semiprecious(次珍贵的、准宝石的) stone you see here. Ambers can be found in many different places around the world. But the oldest deposits are right here in the United States, inAppalachia(阿巴拉契亚). It's found in several other countries, too, though right now scientists are most interested in ambers coming from the Dominican Republic（多美尼加共和国）. Because it has a great many inclusions, something like one insect inclusion for every one hundred pieces. One possible explanation for this it that the climate is tropical and a greater variety of number of insectsthrive in tropics than in other places. What's really interesting is the scientists are now able to recover DNA from these fossils andstudy the genetic material for important clues to revolution.
39. Why does the professor pass the amber around to the students? (B) So they can examine its contents
40. When the professor mentor glass in the talk, what point is he trying to make about amber? (D) How easily amber can break
41. What is amber derived from? (C) Tree resin
42. Why is the Dominican Republic an important source of amber? (A) Its amber contains numerous fossils.
43. What type of amber is probably the most valuable for genetic research? (C) Amber containing organic material
Now we've been talking about the revolutionary period in the United States history when the colonies wanted to separate fromEngland. I'd like to mention one point about the very famous episode from that period, a point I think is pretty relevant even today. I'msure you remember, from when you are children, the story of Paul Revere's famous horseback ride to the Massachusetts countryside.In that version, he single-headily alerted the people that "the British were coming". We have this image of us solitary rider galloping（飞驰的）along of the dark from one farm house to another. And of course the story emphasized the courage of one man, made him a hero in our history books, right? But, that rather romantic version of the story is not what actually happened that night. In fact, thatversion misses the most important point entirely. Paul Revere was only one of the many riders helping deliver the messages that night.Just one part of a pre-arrange plan, that was thought out well in advance in preparation for just such an emergency.
I don't mean todiminish Revere's role though. He was actually an important organizer and
promoter of this group effort for freedom. His mid-nightrider didn't just go knocking on farm house doors. They also awaken the institutions of New England. They went from town to townand engage the town leaders, the military commanders and volunteer groups, even church leaders, people who would then continue tospread the word. My point is that Paul Revere and his political party understood, probably more clearly than later generations everhave, that political institutions are theirs a kind of medium for the will of people and also to both build on and support the individualaction. They knew the success requires careful planning and organization. The way they went about the work that night made a bigdifference in the history and this country.
44. What does the story of Paul Revere usually emphasize? (C) The courage of one man
45. What new information does the speaker provide about Paul Revere? (D) He was not the only messenger.
46. What does the speaker imply is most significant about the ride of Paul Revere? . (A) It was well planned.
Let me warn you against a mistake that historians of science often make. They sometimes assume that people in the past use thesame concepts we do. Here is a wonderful example that makes the use of history of mathematics some while ago. It concerns anancient Mesopotamian(美索不达米亚人) tablet that has some calculations on it using square numbers. The calculations look an awful one like the calculations of the link of the sides of triangle. So that's what many historians assume they were. But using squarenumbers to do this is a very sophisticated technique. If the Mesopotamians knew how to do it, as historians started thinking that theydid. Well, they learn math with incredibly advanced. Well, it turns out the idea of Mesopotamians use square numbers to calculatethe link of triangle's sides is probably wrong. Why? Because we discovered that Mesopotamians didn't know how to measure angles,which is a crucial element in the whole process of triangle calculations. Apparently the Mesopotamians had a number of other usesfor square numbers. These other uses were important but they were not used with triangles. And so these tablets in all likelihoodwere practice sheets, if you like, for doing simpler math exercises with square numbers. In all likelihood, it was the ancient Greekswho first calculate the link of triangle's sides using square numbers. And this was hundreds of years after the Mesopotamians.
47. What is the main purpose of the talk? (C) To discuss a mistaken historical interpretation
48. According to the professor, what did some historians mistakenly assumed about the Mesopotamians? (D) They calculated the
length of triangle sides.
49. What was on the Mesopotamian tablet mentioned in the talk? (B) Calculations using square numbers
50. What does the professor imply about the ancient Greeks? (D) They knew how to measure angles.
0405
A: What’s up Marcy? U seemed to be in a good moon today.
B: I guess I am. It’s the new printer I just bought for my computer.
A: Hey, that’s terrific.
B: Thanks.
A: It’s good I can charge it to my credit card though. if I’d had to come up with that much cash onthe sp ot, I just wouldn’t be able to afford it.
B: U know, I’m doing a term paper on that for my economic seminar. I read that a lot people in the world would be able to supportthemselves and their families much better if they could start their own businesses. But usually the bank won’t lend them money they need to start it. Often, if u don’t have property or other assets, they won’t give u even the smallest loan.
A: That doesn’t seem fair.
B: Exactly. But now there’re something known as micro-credit. That’s what we call very small loans that enable people to go intobusiness for themselves. In Southern Asia micro-credit programs were set up to lend people that regular banks even wouldn’t look at.
A: And the borrowers used the money？
B: To buy tools and materials for producing cloth or food or whatever that they can sell to make a little money to feed their familiesand also start to pay back the loan, and then they can borrow a little more and make a little more profit. A nd…
A: And the lenders get their money back?
B: With interest. It’s been so successful that now micro-credit lending is spreading to other parts of the world too, even to North
America. That’s what my paper will be about.
A: Say, do u need someone to type it for u? My rates are reasonable, and it’ll look really nice when I print it out.
B: On your new printer? Hey, how could I say no.
31. Why is the woman happy? B. She has a new printer for her computer.
32. What is the conversation mainly about? B. A way to help people improve their economic conditions.
33. Why does the man mention Southern Asia? D. Microcredit programs have been very successful there.
34. What will the woman probably do? D. Type the man's term paper.
A: I think I’ve finally decided what to write my paper about. It’s a new museum right near the Capitol building in Washington D.C.
B: Really? I picked a museum too, a science museum up in Alberta, Canada. They look sort of like spaceship.
A: Say I read about that. It was built about 20 years ago, I think by the same architect who designed the building I’m interested in.Douglas Cardinal.
B: That’s him! But I can’t image Cardinal designing anything in the traditional classical style of the Capitol.
A: Well this new structure has to fit in with the architecture of the Capitol, but its style is anything but traditional. I don’t mean that it’sone of those big glass boxes they call modern architecture though. Instead of rectangles and straight lines, this build has roundedfree form shapes and sweeping curves. It supposes to represent the natural forms like the Canyon cliffs in the western states, rockformations that were shaped by water and the wind.
B: Sounds fantastic. But I wonder why that sort of style would be chosen for a building in
Washington D.C.
A: That’s easy. This place is called the National Museum of American Indian. And it’s devoted to exhibits of Native American cultures,including those of the west. And for Cardinal this is his own family heritage too. And in designing this museum he was careful torespect the various Native American values and traditions, like paying attentions to the directions of winds and the positionof thesun in different seasons of the year.
B: Wow, an untraditional building, designed to show case some of north Americ an’s oldest traditions. Interesting!
35.what is the discussing mainly about? B. The architectural design of a new museum.
36.what do the two museums mentioned in the conversations have in common? A. Both were designed by the same architect.
37.what did the architect designed the new building to look like? D. A natural landscape.
38.what kinds of traditions are represented in Cardinal’s new building? B. Traditional values of Native Americans.
Today let’s consider the neutrino(中微子) and the resolves of some experiments down in the 1995 at the Los Alamos national aboratory in New Mexico, which bear on the neutrino. These resolves suggest that this little particle does indeed have mass that tinybet to be sure but measurable by the very sensitive instruments of th at lab. The neutrino’s origin has a lways been an interesting case,though a case not unusual in the history of physics. As you know, ordinarily scientific observation precedes scientific theory. Oceantides were observed, ocean tides were explained; gravity is observed, gravity is explained. However, let’s consider what happened in the neutrino’s case. When the neutrino was proposed over sixty years ago, it was a convenient fiction. Scientists had not observed sucha particle nor even as a fact. So what let them to conceive of this imaginary object? They had been writing equations about neutrondecay in which the energy amounts on each side of their equations were unequal. In order to keep this energy amounts the same onboth sides of the equations, they added little particle named neutrino and gave it precisely enough energy to balance the equations andthe loan be hold years later. About thirty-five years ago real neutrinos were found. Now we have the more recent developments.Originally, the neutrino was thought not to have any mass at all. But Los Alamos experiments seem to disprove this premise. Theyindicated that neutrinos do have mass—about one-millionth the mass of electron.
39.why did the speaker mentions the ocean tides and gravity?They are examples of the usual sequence of observation and explanation.
40.how did the concept of neutrino originate? D. Scientists were unable to balance equations of energy without it.
41.what did the experimental results at Los Alamos show about the neutrino? D. That it has a tiny amount of mass.
The forests of New England constituted both are resource and barrier for the first British settlers who reach these shores. In addition tothe maples, firs, oaks and birches(白桦) were white pines whose scientific name is Pinusstrobus. These white pines were straight and tall, perfect for use as masts on the sailing ships of the time. Britain had used up its supply of mast trees, so is eager for this product ofits young colony. By the first load of masts reached Britain in 1634 and Britain was marveled the size of the trees, which haddiameters of up to 4 feet at the wide end. For every yard of mast height, the body end needed to be one inch in diameter. In1705,Britain passed a law
stating that all white pines over 24 inches at the body end we re reserved for the use of king’s navy. Such trees were marked by blazing the king’s arrow symbol on the tree with three cuts of the hatchet. These trees were selected by the surveyorgeneral, whose work often met with resistances of colonists.
42.what is the main topic of this talk? B. The role of New England trees in British shipbuilding.
43.in what course is this speaker probably lecturing? C. History.
44.what type of trees were used to making masts? D. Birch.
45.which characteristic of the tree was used to classify as reserved for the king? A. Its width.
46.which mark was used to reserve a tree for the king’s navy? D. ->
Now the Australia jumping spider as you can image got its name for its ability to leap. But it can sw im too. What’s most interesting though is its ability to use try and error tactics when solving problems. Now the jumping spider attacks an d eats other spiders. It’ll sit at the edge of another spider's web and attract the spider by tapping out different signals to mimic the struggles of a trapped insect and it’ll keep changing the signals till successfully lured its prey out. Well, to see if the jumping spider could apply the same problemsolving technique, try and error to unfamiliar situations, scientists conducted an experiment. They field a trap full of water and thenput some sand in the middle, like an island. In between the island and the edge of the trap, they put a rock. When they put the spideron the island, some tried jumping to the rock, and some tried swimming. All the spiders that successfully reached the rock either byjumping or by swimming use the same method to make it from the rock to the edge of the tree. If the spider failed to reach the rock, itwas placed back on the island, but the next time they try to leave, spiders did oppo site of whatever didn’t work th e first time, leaping ifit had swum, or swimming if it had leaped. So we see the spiders using the same try and error in crossing the water as they used inhunting.
47.what this talk on Australia jumping spiders mainly about? D. How they solve problems.
48. How do the Australia spiders attract the other kinds of spiders? B. By imitating signals that the other spiders send.
49.in the experiment, what did the spiders have to do to reach the rock? B. Cross some water.
50.what would happen if the spider tied to get to the rock but fail to reach the rock? B. It would try to reach the rock a different way.
0408
W：So you are up to some tennis this afternoon or what?
M: Well, to tell you the truth, I’m not feeling so hot today.
W: Come on. How long has it been since we played.
M: A couple of days.
W: A couple of days? Come on. It’s been more than a couple of days.
M: Yeah. I guess you’re right. It’s been almost a week.
W: It’s been exactly a week. And we used to play at least thre e times this week.
M: I know. Playing right after classed was something to look forward to.
W: Yeah. And it was right before dinner. So we build up our appetite.
M: I’ve just been very busy. I guess. And my stomach is bothering today.
W: But you look ok to me.
M: Well, I was up late with Steve in the library working on a project we got to do by tomorrow for that anthropology class. We've
been working on it all weekend. And I was drinking a lot of coffee. I guess I just drank too much. W: Listen. I took that class last semester. And I could meet you in the library later tonight and help with if you want. And then you
have time to play tennis this afternoon.
M: Yeah. I guess my stomach doesn’t hurt that bad. And I could certainly use your help. But it’s also….
W: Is there something else bothering you?
M: Well, to be honest, I am getting tired of always losing.（总算说实话了^_^）
31 What are the students mainly discussing? (B) Why the man does not want to play tennis
32 When was the last time the speaker play tennis? (D) One week ago
33 What does the man think is the reason for his stomach? (A) He drank too much coffee last night.
34 What does the woman offer to do for the man? (B) Help him finish his anthropology project M: How about a walk, Nancy?
W: Sure. Let’s go now before it gets dark.
M: What’s your hurry?
W: Haven’t you noticed? The street lights on campus are different. They gave off a hazy(朦胧的) yellow glow that make some colors
fade out. It is not as much fun taking an evening walk as it was before.
M: Oh, you mean the new sodium bulbs. Yeah, that was in the newspaper. They make things look different alright. But they provide
better visibility than regular lighting. They are tuned to the colors in which human vision is the sharpest and that section is
amplified. The problem is that a lot of the colors are blocked out.
W: Well, I don’t feel comfortable when green looks like brown. Sodium bulbs might make sense for highways, though, if they really
do improve visibility so much.
M: Yeah. And the interesting thing is that the new halogen headlights(双卤素前灯) on cars cancel out the adverse aspects of sodium
lighting and the colors appear natural again.
W: Well, then sodium bulbs should be used only where there are a lot of cars. Why are they in places where I want to take a quiet
walk? The city must be trying to save money.
M: It is. Sodium bulbs last about 7 times longer than regular bulbs. It can be that, I guess.
35 What’ the main subject of this conversation? (A) Safety in poorly lighted areas
36.Why does the woman want to take a walk right away? (C) She no longer enjoys walking at night.
37 Why do colors appear natural at night on a highway lighted by sodium bulbs? The headlights on cars counter the fade-out effect.
38 What’s one reason that sodium bulbs are being installed? (A) They last much longer than regular bulbs.
I’d like to share with you today my experience with the new approach to building a house. It’s called Envelop Building. Essentially,what it means is that as you are building a house, you try to leave the landscape feature on the land, especially the vegetation in theoriginal condition. So what you are not doing is the usual practice of land-scraping. By which I mean literally scraping or clearing landof any and all the original plants. Why is the approach called Envelop Building? Because instead of clearing everything away, you letyour original landscape elements envelop or surround your house. Let the vegetation physical features such as hills and slopes orinteresting rock formations, constituted a significant part of the character of the building sight. The design of the house should takethese features of the property into account. Actually integrating your original wild landscape with a house is not that new. The famousAmerican architect Wright was doing it about 65 years ago. So we are in good company. Envelop Building is not as easy as it sounds though. It’s not just that you build your house and leave the land alone. By building, you are already damaging the original landscape.But as architects, we should try to work with environment, not against it. A creative architect can find ways to incorporate naturallandscape into the overall design. For example, why used the massive boulders on the side of one of the most famous houses has partof the house foundation?
39According to the professor, what does the term “landscaping” refer to?(A) Eliminating the original vegetation from the building site
40In Envelop Building,what is done with the landscape features of a building sight?They are integrated into the design of the building.
41 Why does the professor mention the architect Frank Loid Wright? (C) Because Wright used elements of envelope building
Today we are going to talk about copyrighting works of art. A copyright is a proof of authorship （作者身份）. It protects artists against someone else using their work without their permission. It’s important to remember that United States Copyright Law protects artisticexpressions such as paintings, but does not protect any ideas, concept, procedure or technique. In all the United States Copyright Law,Artists needed to take several steps to obtain copyright protection. The law as changed in 1978 and again 1989. For artists the currentlaw means everything they create is automatically and immediately copyrighted. They don’t have to f ile any documents and under theprotection of the Copyright Law, any recreations of their original work such as prints are also covered by the artists copyright. Furthermore, any changes artists made to their original works are covered. The Law also makes it clear that when someone buys the work ofart, they are not allowed to destroy or change that work of art. Artists keep the copyright even after selling the work of art. Thepurchaser may buy the physical work, but the right to make prints or copies is still the artists’ and buy ers does not automatically haveany right to make and sell prints or copies of work. Although works are automatically copyrighted, artists are encouraged to registertheir work with United States Copyright Office. Registering art provides additional legal protection and also gives the people aroundthe world the ability to approach the honors about licensing and purchasing right.
42 What is the talk mainly about? (D) Protecting artists from illegal use of their work
43 When does the Artist Copyright start? (D) The moment the work of art is finished
44 What does the United States Copyright Law state about a work of art that is sold? The artist continues to hold the copyright for it.
45 What does the professor say about the United States Copyright Law? (B) It does not protect artists' techniques and procedures.
46 What is an advantage of registering art with the United States Copyright Office. (B) An artist has greater legal protection.Today let’s talk about synesthesia(副感觉), that’s a brain condition in which a person’s senses are combined in a unusual ways. For example, a person with synesthesia may taste sounds. To them, a musical note may taste like a pekoe(香红茶). Many people who have synesthesia experience intense colors when they hear specific words. For example, they might see a flash of pink every time they hear the word “jump”. For a long time, many scientists were unconvinced that synesthesia really exists. So in the 1990s an experiment wasdone to find our for sure. Two groups were studied. One was a group of people who claim to experience colors when they heardcertain words. The other was a controlled group, people who experience nothing out of the ordinary when hearing words. Each groupwas asked to describe the colors they thought of when they heard a list of spoken words. When the test was repeated, the differencebetween the two groups was startling. After just a week, the controlled group gave the same answers only a third of the time. But evena year of a half later, the synesthetic group gave the same answers 92% of the time. Clearly, this is not just a matter of memory.Scientists are still not sure just why synesthesia happens. But certain drugs are reportedly able to produce it artificially. So we allprobably have brains with connections that could synesthesia. It’s just the connections normally are used in that way.
47 What’ the main purpose of the talk? (C) To discuss an unusual condition of the brain
48 What’s the one example of synesthesia that the professor mentions? (D) Tasting sounds
49 What was the purpose of the experiment the professor mentioned (C) To determine whether or not synesthesia exists
50 What were some of people in the study able to do? (A) Consistently associate words with certain colors
0410
M: I don’t know, Susan, I don’t feel like I am reaching my freshman class this semester.
W: Why do you say that?
M: It’s just they seem to glaze over(眼神呆滞) with noncomprehension, even when I’m talking about the basics, they are not specially motivated either. I know the class is a first year science requirement for most of them. But I’ve got to do something.
W: Jean, you know Jean White, she teaches physics, she just told me about how she livens up(活跃)her classes.
M: What did she do?
W: Well, basically, she takes something they are interested in, like music, and tries to relate principal of science to that. Otherwise, theconcepts seem to go right over their heads.
M: Do you mean, for example, she’d use rock and roll to demonstrate the principles of acoustics(声学) and physics?
W: Exactly, in fact, she said she had used music, and she’d used movies, especially, science fiction in her classes too.
M: Sounds like her methods worth a try. But I need a few more details. Maybe I’ll gonna see her tomorrow. Thanks
31, What is the man’s complaint? (C) Students do not seem to understand his lectures.
32, What kind of class does the man probably teach? (D) Introductory science
33, What does the man imply is the reason for his problem? (A) His students are not really interested in science.
34, What does Jean White do to improve her classes? (A) She relates ideas to students' outside interests.
35, What is the man’s response to Jean White’s teaching method? (B) He wants more information about it.
M: Ouch, how can the sand be so h ot when the water’s still cold? My feet feel like to getting blisters.
W: Now, Mark, were you sleeping when professor Brock gave that lecture on specific heat in physics class?
M: I didn’t come to San Diego on spring break to talk about professor Brock’s p hysics class.
W: I know, me neither, I was just answering your question, that’s all.
M: What question?
W: You weren’t even paying attention to your own question
M: I was just complaining about the hot sand. Considering what the water’s like, I wonder how the sand can be so hot?
W: Well, professor Brock’s lecture on specific heat might give you a clue. Water has a higher specific heat than sand.
M: Then why is the sand so much hotter if water has a higher specific heat?
W: Don’t you remember? Specific heat i s the energy need to raise the temperature of something. If something has a high specific heat,
like water, it takes more energy to raise its temperature.
M: I see. So you are saying that something with a high specific heat, like water, doesn’t get hot as fast as something with a lowspecific heat, like sand, right?
W: Right. So sand gets hot faster during the day, that’s why it’s so hot while the water’s still cool. M: I guess you are right, I should pay more attention in class.
36, What is the woman trying to explain to the man? (D) What is meant by specific heat
37, What is the man complaining about? (B) The hot sand
38, What does the woman say about the water? (C) It takes quite a lot of energy to raise its temperature.
Good evening, I am Steve Johnson an d I represent the American Elm Society. Today I’d like to introduce you to some of the problemsfaced by elm trees. Many of you are familiar with this huge tree. It’s found in many areas of US and Ca nada in cities and small towns.Well, as you may know, the American elm has been threatened by a dangerous disease. The disease is caused by a fungus, when thatfungus infects the tree, it blocks the circulation of water inside the tree. As a result, the tree cells don’t r eceive water and without water,of course th ey can’t survive. The
tree’s leaves become dry, fall off, and eventually the tree dies. You may be interested in how thedisease is transmitted, well, a very small insect called elm bug beetle brings the fungus with it. The beetle uses the tree to reproduceitself. The female builds channels in the wood for the eggs, at the same time, it infects the tree with fungus. The worst thing is that theprocess seems unstoppable, because once the beetle leaves the infected tree it carries the fungus on its body and poisons a healthy tree.Of course, we are trying to fight the disease, in the past, infected trees were simply cut down. That method reduces the number of theinfected trees but it never stop the disease. Now experts are trying to get to the root of the problem, they are working on ways tocontrol the beetle that spreads the disease.
39, What is the talk mainly about? (D) A problem affecting the American elm
40, What is causing the death of the infected elm trees? (A) Their inability to circulate water 41, According to the speaker, what causes the healthy elm tree to become weak? (D) Certain beetles introduce a fungus to the tree.
42, How do experts hope to limit the spread of the disease in the future? (A) By controlling the carriers of the disease
So, now we are in the room with naive art(朴素艺术), produced in the United States during 18th and 19th centuries. At that time, people of many nations had come together to form a single nation. The future of these people was unknown and they didn’t share a history together. The absence of tradition created a need for inventing a new one . These were some of the factors allowed naive art togrow as an art form in the United States. Because everything was new and without past, there was no such thing as art education.That’s how these artists got to be called naive artists. Most of you probably already know the French word naive meaning not havemuch knowledge. So, unlike professional artists, naive artists didn’t have formal training in different academy and studios. Instead,since they were eliminated by tradition, they made their own rules, were generally self-taught and their paintings had a true feeling forcolor form and world around them. There’s very little known about early naive artists in the United States bec ause many of them didnot sign their works. However, we do know that they followed similar themes. Many naive artists started out as portrait painters. Theytravel from town to town and made portraits for different families, especially in the days before photography. People generally wantedportraits as evidence of their existence for future generations. Compared to French naive paintings that are less realistic, naive artistsin United States painted images that were neat, positive, extremely accurate and almost photographic. No w, in the next room, let’s takea look at naive artists’ work in France.
43, What does the speaker mainly discuss? (C) Some characteristics of naive American art
44, How did na.ve artists differ from professional artists? (B) They lacked formal art training. 45, How did the speaker describe the paintings of the American naive artists? (B) They are realistic depictions.
46, According to the speaker, what factor makes learning about early na.ve artists difficult? (A) Their works were unsigned.
The foc us of today’s class is on an important element in the development of United States cities, something the modern cities need tosurvive: efficient transportation. The rapid growth of cities in 19th century created a serious problem. Growth obviously meant greaterdistances between people’s home and their work places. People could no longer rely on walking. By the mid 19th century, someUnited States cities had used railways drawn by horses, but they were very slow.
City planners understood that without improvedtransportation cities could not grow any larger and they welcome the invention of system of trolley cars on cables, powered by steamengines. These cables were able to pull cars up to the steep hills of San Francisco and so other large cities installed similar systems in1880s. But although faster than horses, these cable cars still weren’t fast enough to solve the transportation problems of United Statescities. Our real breakthrough came thanks to electricity. Electric trolley move twice as fast as the old horse drawn railways and theywere and clean. They designers of electric trolley came up with the new control system that allowed each part to be poweredindependently and have its own breaks, what’s safer and more efficient than cable cars. Electricity also helped the next great advancein urban transportation, the subway. It solved one problem that the early English subways suffered from, unbearabe smoke of steamengines that made breathing in the subway tunnels almost impossible.
47, What is the talk mainly about? (B) How advances in transportation helped American cities develop
48, According to the professor, what problem did many people face as cities grew larger? (C) They could no longer walk to work.
49, Other than their speed, in what way were electric trolley car better than cable cars? (A) They could be controlled independently.
50, According to the professor, what major advantage for the subway did electricity offer? (C) It allowed passengers to breathecleaner air in the tunnels.
0501
W: Hey, Joe, That was really a great presentation you just gave.
M: You think so? I was really worried about it. My hands were shaking in every thing.
W: To me, you sounded really nature and well prepared.
M: Oh, I’m relieved to hear you say that. It took me over a month to put that presentation together.
W: It sounds of like it. Hey, before you forget, are you free tonight?
M: Yeah, I guess so, Why?
W: My mother and my little brother are in town and my mam bought these theater tickets months ago and …
M: What show?
W: It’s called…a XX by XX. It’s a play returned back the ancient Rome. It supposed be really great. M: Don’t say another word, I’d love to go.
W: Oh, Er. I don’t know how to tell you this but I’m actually going with my mother. And I was wondering if you could babysit mylittle brother while My mom and I go to the play.
M: Ah. How embarrassing. Ah, sure, no problem. What time should I show up?
W: At seven o’clock in my place. He won’t be any trouble, you can just watch video with him or something.
M: Yeah, That sound s ok. I’ll see you tonight then.
W: Ah, Joe, I’m really sorry about the misunderstanding. I know you thought I was waiting you an d…well I apologize if I mislead you.
M: Actually I think it’s a kind of funny. Don’t worry. We’ll laugh about it later.
W: Oh, thanks a million. See you at seven
Q31. What does the woman want the man to do? (B) Take care of her little brother
Q32. What does the woman say about the man’s presentation? (C) He seemed well prepared.
Q33. What does the man say about misunderstanding? (A) It was a funny incident.
Q34. What are the woman’s plan for the evening? (C) To see a play
M: Hello.
W: Hi, Tom, it’s Diana from creator writing class.
M: Oh, hi, Diana, What’s up?
W: Well, I have a new project I thought you might be interested in. I’m setting up a writers group. You know a support group forpeople who trying to get published.
M: Um, How would it work?
W: We get together once a week. I’ve already arranged for a meeting room in the library, and then we share what we were working onand offer each other the advice.
M: I could use some advice. I’m working on a short story that I’d like to get published in the campus li terary review. You’ve done thathaven’t you? Didn’t I see a poem of yours in last issue? W: Yes, I was so excited to finally see my work and print. It was my third submission. You just have to keep trying if they turn youdown.
M: Well I’m sure the group could help me, but I don’t know how much I can contribute. I’m really just starting out I do a lot of work,but I’m definitely sti ll in novels.
W: That’s OK,I know from your comments in class, and you will be an asset. We are going to get some more experiences to help too.Professor Michel has agreed to sit in on a few sessions and she’s also going to make up a list of l ocal professionals who might bewilling to spend some time with us.
M: Sounds great. You can definitely count me in.
Q35. What is the purpose of the propose group? (C) To provide assistance to student writers
Q36. How do the two people know each other? (B) They took a class together.
Q37. Why does Diana ask Tom to join the group? (D) She believes he will contribute useful comments.
Q38. What is Prof. Michel going to give the students? (A)Suggestions for additional assistance Nowadays we are constantly surrounded by news and information. But I wanna take you back to a time when newspapers first startedto be printed in the United States, well, back then they were still British colonies. Anyway let’s discuss for a moment the rolenewspapers played in colonial times, Er, about around the 1700’s. Before that time, there were of cou rse many printed materials, thebooks certainly but. ..but also pamphlets, government and legal documents, things of this sort. The first colonial newspaper to appearwas not what we would expect today, i t’s only one small sheet printed on two sides. It was als o different from United States’newspapers today in that all news had be officially approved by the governor before printing. And early printer name James Franklin,took a courageous step by starting an independent newspaper. Franklin, who owned his own printing press, wanted to be free formoutside control above all, he wanted the paper to entertain the people with humors and critical news items. Franklin’s newspaper wasespecially significant because li teracy was increasing at the time, even those who weren’t able to read or expose to the information inthe newspapers by hearing it. Newspapers were read loud everywhere, in homes, workshops and taverns. By the mid 1700, there weremore than a dozen colonial newspapers what James Franklin began was a tradition of the independent press where ideas andinformation spread quickly, and humor and different opinions were tolerated.
Q39. What is the talk mainly about? (B) The first newspapers in the British colonies
Q40. According to the professor, why did James Franklin start independent newspaper? He
wanted 10 be free of government control
Q41. How did James Franklin’s newspaper different from the previous newspaper in colonies? (B) It was humorous and critical*
Q42. What does the professor say about the colonists who unable to read? (C) They received information by bearing it read to them.
Let’s move the discussion away from Jupiter itself and look at its moons. Now there is one in particular that spend in the news recently and that’s Ganymede. We’ve known for a long time that Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system. But in 1996, the Galileoaerospace probe sent back the information showing us the Ganymede in many ways. Behaves like a full fledged planet. Now Ganymede is larger than Mercury, and about half the size of earth. It’s covered with ice and some dark rocky debris. While Galileo has showed us though is that Ganymede’s surface is deeply wrinkled with ridges and fissures. A sign that it experiences some of the samedynamic forces that move continents and cause quake on earth. But Galileo detected an even bigger surprise for scientists. Ganymede appears to generate its own magnetic field. That’s a planet like quality that set it apart from all other moons. Now what causes thismagnetic field is a matter of the debate for scientists. But there are a couple of possibilities .It could mean that despite its coldexterior，Ganymede has a core of a molten metal inside it generating the magnetic field. That’s what causes the earth’s magnetic field.Or it could mean that there is a thin layer of salty water conducting electricity just beneath Gan ymede’s surface. Something else Galileo was able to detect does it flew by Ganymede was sudden increase in the density of electrical charge particles. Now what thisindicates is the presence of atmosphere, which in turn has let scientists to believe that Ganymede has some sort of atmosphere,however thin it maybe.
Q43. What is the main topic of the lecture? (B) Recent discoveries about one of Jupiter's moons
Q44. What does the speaker say makes Ganymede different from all the moons? (D) It creates its own magnetic field.
Q45. According to the speaker, what may lie deep under the surface of Ganymede. (A) A core of molten metal
Q46. What does the speaker say about the electrically charged particles that were detected near Ganymede. (C) They indicate thatGanymede may have an atmosphere.
Let’s talk the environmental issue that has to do with how common household products have changed. More and more productscontain bacterial killing chemicals these days. These antibacterial chemicals aren’t just in product like soap. They are in all sorts ofhousehold cleaners and toothpaste. And if you think about it for second you will realize that most of those chemicals just end up goingdown the drain. But you are probably thinking that all that stuff go through a treatment plan that removes chemicals, right? After all that’s what happens to stuff that goes down the drain. Well, waste water is treated, but that doesn’t usua lly remove all the chemicals init. The chemicals left in the treated water get into the aquatic environment. That is into the rivers, and streams where plants and fishand other animals live. Now to find out the affect of antibacterial chemicals on fresh water ecosystems, a study was done with algae,which are tiny plant like organisms .Different spices algae were taken to a lab and the expose to just a few antibacterial chemicalsfound in the streams. And guess what? In the experiment, the overall gross of algae and the number of spices dropped. This is notgood and here is why. Algae are the base of the aquatic of food chain, which means that other organisms depend on them for food. Soif the chemicals kill algae at the bottom of the food chain, the whole system is being disrupted.
Q47. What is the professor mainly discussing? (C) A threat to the aquatic environment
Q48. According to the professor, how have household products changed? (D) They are being made to kill bacteria.
Q49. What does the professor say about the treatment of waste water? (A) It does not remove all chemicals.
Q50. What does the subject mentioned by the professor? (B) The effect of household chemicals on algae
0505
W: Hi, Ed. Looks like you were here early.
M: Yeah. Cla ss doesn't start for a ten more minutes, so I put up the novel I’m reading.
W: What is it?
M: It is called Sister Carrie. It is about a woman named Carrie who leaves her country home to earn a living in Chicago and NewYork.
W: Oh, I've studied Theodore Dreiser（美国小说家). His work is a little depressing, but I like him, even though his characters always get in trouble. He tricks them with sympathy. How do you like Sister Carrie?
M: It's not what I expected. On the back cover it says the book created a lot of controversy when it was first published in 1900. It evensays the publisher withdrew out from market after only 500 copies were sold. But I don't see why.
W: Well. The novel might not be shocking by our standards but it sure created a stir then. Think about what Carrie does. She leavesher country home and gets caught up in some personal scandals in the city. Now most other authors of that time would havepunished the character to provide a moral lesson, but Dreiser has Carrie become a successful actress at the end.
M: Wow, that puts the story in a different perspective. I bet Dreiser must have been discouraged when the publisher took it off frommarket.
W: He sure was. He stopped writing fictions for a while and did work as a journalist and an editor. M: Well, how did the book become recognized?
W: Some British reviewers praised the novel and then another publisher released it in 1907. Eventually people recognized the novelfor its realism and Dreiser went on to write other successful works.
31. What is the conversation mainly about? (C) A book by Theodore Dreiser
32. According to the woman, how is Sister Carrie different from other novels at its time? (D) The main character gets into trouble.
33. How did Sister Carrie eventually gain recognition? (A) Some British reviewers wrote favorably about it.
M: Before we began today's topic, I'd like to review the phases of child language acquisition that we went over yesterday. Who'd liketo summarize for us? Yes, Lisa.
W: Well, first of all, you said that new-borns only make rudimentary vocalizations because the voice box isn't in position for speech
yet. But that at about three month of age baby starts to utter the first sounds that resemble language sounds. The sounds ofconsonants like "k" and "g".
M: That's right. And after this stage come the meaningless syllables, a consonant followed by a vowel. For example, the "dada" sounds.And at the next stage comes a real breakthrough. Can you tell us about that, Lisa?
W: Well, between six months and one year of age, babies begin to associate sounds with meaning. So, when you say "dog", they knowyou're referring to the four-legged animal that is their house pet. At this stage they start to build a vocabulary. And in a matter ofmonth they are learning ten to twenty new words a day. This vocabulary growth continues until adolescents. M: Right. And isn’t it amazing that by the time children are two or three years old they are stringing sentences together? Certainly noone would dispute that children had a tremendous capacity for learning language, what linguists are still trying to determine ishow this language acquisition takes place.
34. What is the class mainly discussing? (C) Phases of language development in young children
35. Why does the student mention the sound "k" and "g"?(C) They are among the first sounds babies make.
36. According to the student, why are the news born not able to make language like sounds? (A) Their voice box is not positionedcorrectly yet.
37. According to the discussion, when the vocabulary growth first starts to increase dramatically?
(D) When children learn to associate
sounds with meaning
38. According to the discussion, what do the linguists still not know? (B) How children are able to learn language
How did the native communities of the southeastern Canada convey information to one another? In general, they used couriers(送快信的人) memorized oral messages. Among some peoples, the Iroquois and the Algonquians for example, messengers also used code based on strings of beads. The beads were called "wampum" and the color of the beads signified the message. For instance, whitebeads were used for news of peace, prosperity, or good will. Purple beads meant war, disaster or death. The couriers also carriedmessages for early European explorers and missionaries. One jazz missionary described in his journals how a courier memorized 20different detailed transactions, delivered them to Montreal and then returned with exact what price to each. He had traveled 800 milesround trip. Sometimes the messages were written, not oral and will be passed from one courier to another. When one messengerarrived to the edge of his tribe's territory, he would sell the letter to the next messenger, usually at a profit. If the letter passed throughmany hands before reaching the recipient, the final bill could be very expensive.
39. What is the main topic of the talk? (B) Communication over long distances in North America '
40. What would cause a letter to be expensive to receive? (C) The fees of several couriers were included in the charge.
41. What event would probably have been symbolized by a purple wampum bead? (D) A funeral We've talked before about using special plantings, water, and feeders to attract birds to your garden. This afternoon I'd like to tell youabout a less well-known way to attract birds. It's by putting out eggshells. Many birds eagerly consume them. Perhaps it is a method ofreplacing calcium lost by females and egg-laying, though I have seen males eat the shells too. Anyway, I have had at least eightdifferent species of birds come to eat the eggshells. Here is how it's done.
You should save your eggshells and rinse them in water,then cook them lightly on the baking pan in the oven; set at a low temperature until they are dry but not brown. This sterilizes themand makes them brittle. You can crumble them into bite-sized pieces and spread them on the ground, a rock, or a bird feeder. You mayfind them so popular you want to go to your favorite restaurant to ask for more eggshells.
42. What is the talk mainly about? (C) Attracting birds
43. Why are the birds attracted to eggshells? (B) They like to eat them,
44. How are the eggshells prepared? (D) They are baked in the oven.
45. How does the preparation process affect the eggshells? (A) It makes them clean and free of germs.
46. What can be inferred about the woman? (C) She likes to have birds visit her garden.
Last week when we talked about landslides, we looked at what causes these huge masses of earth to move down the natural inclinesuch as a mountainside or slope with such destructive force. Now when these landslides occur in populated areas, what can humans doto avoid or minimize damage? Basically there are three things that can be done. The first thing is to simply avoid construction in theareas where landslides are likely to happen. Typically when a side on the slope is chosen for new construction, it is important that ageological survey of the area be conducted. The survey reveals unsafe conditions such as too little vegetation or soil that would absorbwater too easily, conditions that might lead to a landslide, say, during periods of heavy rains. The second thing is to build in a way thatdoesn't make stable slopes unstable. For example, natural vegetation, like grass, is needed to keep soil firmly in place. This vegetationshould not be entirely removed since without the grass the soil would loosen up and this could result in a landslide. The third thing isto design good water drainage to ensure that the water naturally runs down the slope and doesn't build up in the soil. This kind ofwater buildup on the slope is one of the most frequent causes of landslides. Water buildup can easily result during long periods ofheavy rain and sometimes the cause is part of the construction itself such as a stonewall that blocks the water from draining off theslope.
47. What does the professor mainly discuss? (A) How to prevent landslides in populated areas
48. According to the professor, why is it important to perform geological surveys? (B) They can reveal unsafe conditions for building.
49. What does the professor say about vegetation on a slope? (B) It helps keep the soil in place.
50. According to the professor, what might cause a buildup of water on the slope? (D) A wall that stops water from draining0508
M.: Hi, Marshal, how is your study of DNA coming
W: Slow but sure, I know the definition, it carries the blueprint for human life, but I’ve got a lot more to learn, you are working onDNA too right?
M; Yes, I have been studying the amounts of DNA in fish and frogs, Did you know that some frogs have twice as much DNA as ahuman being, and are you ready for this, the African long fish has forty-two times as much
W: No, I didn’t, my research has been focused mostly on huma n beings, forty-two times more than human’s? Why do long fish hasso much more DNA than we do, does it help them (n) to produce more offspring?
M: No, probably not, but I can’t really tell you for sure yet, we are still just collecting data. Doesn’t it seem strange that the amount of
DNA in a relatively simple organism like a fish / is greater than that of a more complex organism such as human being?
W: It does seen odd, but come to think of it, in higher organisms only a tiny percentage of DNA, less than five percent, is necessary tocarry the instruction for producing life, that means as a lot of seemingly extra DNA in humans as much as 95 percent. Your long fishhas excess amount as well.
M: It’s very likely but the question is why, I found one theory that says that some of the extra DNA may selfishly reproduce andincrease in number, totally indifferent to the need of the organism that contains them.
W: You are saying that sections of the DNA molecule might act like parasites and live off the organism without contributing anythingto it, right? I’ve heard about that theory too, but it is pretty controversial
M: Well not for long I hope, which reminds me, I’d better get back to my fish, I shou ld have been at the lab an hour ago.
31. In what field are the speakers doing research? (B) Genetics
32.Why does the man notes that white long fish has (C) He is just twinning 10 gather the data.
33. What does the man mean by saying that some DNA molecules behave selfishly? (C) They do not contribute to the organism thatsupports them.
M: So how was the singing competition last weekend?
W: You don’t want to know.
M: What do you mean, wasn’t it near the beach? That should be fun.
W: that should be fun, but we only came in second place, not only that, but we weren’t even really able to enjoy the beach either.
M; Hold on, you are upset about finishing second, how many singing groups competed?
W; About thirty, I know second place sounds OK, but that’s three years in a row we have been in second, and it is the same groupthat’s beaten us three years in a row.
M: That’s too bad, but what about the beach, I end up spending a lot of time studying in the library, I would love to be at beach,swimming in the ocean, or playing beach volleyball instead of being stuck in the library / studying.
W; Well, it wasn’t exactly like that, I had spent some time studying too, we really didn’t have much free time, we were scheduledalmost the whole time, practicing, performing or watching the competition
M: So you were that busy?
W: Yeah, but you know the ocean water is still cold, so I don’t think we really miss too much
M: Well, maybe you got your plan to go back / when the semester’s over.
W: yeah, that is exactly what we have in mind, it should be a lot more fun there when the weather warms up, and we don’t have tothink about competing.
34. What are the students mainly discussing? (B) A singing contest
35. What does the woman say about the winners of the competition? (A) They have won for the past three years.
36. How did the man spend his weekend? (A) Studying in the library
37. What does the woman say about her weekend schedule? (B) She was too busy to enjoy the beach.
38. What will the singing group probably do when the semester is over? (D) Take a trip to the
beach
We’ve spent the last few weeks on the development of serious theater in the United States, looking in the plays and playwrights of theearly 1900’s. Our next unit is on American musical theater. This type of theater developed from both serious and popular art forms,opera, dance, drama and from a form of entrainment called Vaudeville, which is where we will start today. Vaudeville showsoriginated in Europe and by the 1800’s had / become a popular form of entrainment in America. They were basically variety shows,featuring several live entertainers, singers, dancers, comedians, magicians, acrobats, trained animals. It is as many as ten or more actsthat were largely unrelated in theme or style. By the early 1900s, vaudeville theater had sprang up in all of / large American cities, inthe large theaters there were usually two performances a day, some theaters would come to have as many as four performances a day,but / with the introduction of silent films, live performances had to compete with movie theaters, and vaudeville attendance started todecline. So some vaudeville theaters started showing movies as well, movies were showing / in between the vaudeville acts, that keptpeople coming to vaudeville for a while, but when talking films arrived, vaudeville faced even stiffer competition. And then with thegreat depression of the 1930’s when the Americans had less income to spend on entrainment, and the growth of radio and play roundtelevision, vaudeville experienced to further decline, pretty much disappearing entirely by the end of the Second World War.
39. What does the professor mainly discuss？(D) The history of vaudeville entertainment
40. According to the professor, what was the characteristic of vaudeville shows? (B) They featured a variety of
41. Why were silent movies shown between vaudeville show acts? (B) To increase attendance at the vaudeville theaters
42. What happened to vaudeville entertainment during the Great Depression in the 1920s? (C) It became less popular,
We have been discussing some factors that influence the global climate. Today we are going to talk about factor that you might findsurprising. Surprising because it’s so small that you probable wouldn’t expect it to be important. That factor is dust. By dust, we m eannot just tiny pieces of dirt, but any small particles like () salt, bacterium, or fungus galls.There are several different methods to / collectdata on dust, one method is flying in the storms with aircraft equipped with dust collection devises, we can then analyze the dustsamples to find out what types of dust are present at a given time of year or at certain location and height in the atmosphere. Well, whywould you want to map out how the types and amount of dust vary under different circumstances? Because different types of dustbehave differently and affect the weather in different ways? Some types of dust help raindrops to form, however, other types of dustprevent rain. Although some effects of dust on the climate at now understood, there is some debate about the overall effect of dust ontemperature. For example, we know that dust can cool our planet by blocking sunlight from reaching the ground, on the other hand, itcan absorb sunlight, warming the atmosphere. This warming effect may have caused the ice age to end. Hopefully more research willanswer the question of just / how dust affects the planet’s temperature.
43. What is the lecture mainly about? (A) One factor that affects the Earth's climate
44. Why do scientists collect samples of dust? (D) To determine what types of dust are present under different conditions
45. Why does the professor discuss rainfall? (C) To show how different types of dust affect the
weather in different ways
46. What is the question about temperature that scientists are debating? (B) Whether the overall effect of dust is heating or cooling
Now many people living near the Mediterranean Sea in ancient time / had extensive shipping networks, two of the most prominent /were the Minoan’s and the Mycenaean’s. The Minoans lived on the island of Kuit, they did extensive trade by sea / trading farmproducts and highly priced bronze objects they made, things like / weapons and tools.They established a trading network or tradingcolonies through out the eastern Mediterranean, and these became great commercial centers, these commercial centers produced realwealth for them, and Minoans used this wealth / to build great palaces and acre ducts / and improve their harbors on Crete. TheMinoan civilization reached its peak in the sixteen century B.C., but they gradually lost their dominant position to the Mycenaeanswho were from the main land of Greece, well north of the Crete.TheMycenaeans actually learned a lot about sea trade and commerce/ from the Minoans, but / this mentor relationship changed after a volcano erupted on the island of the--- in 1415B.C. because--- wasso close / to Crete \ the volcano apparently caused earthquakes that devastated the Minoan ships and destroyed important /parts ofCrete. After that, the Mycenaeans became the dominant sea traders in the area. Now we / knew that natural disaster might have beenlargely responsible for the decline of the Minoan sea trade, but reasons for the decline of the Mycenaean sea trade are morecontroversial. The key factor may have been political unrest, both internally among the Mycenaeans and in countries they traded with,which disrupted trade networks.
47. What does the professor mainly discuss? (B) The development and decline of Minoan and Mycenaean sea trade
48. What does the professor about the large commercial centers throughout the Mediterranean?
(B) They produced great wealth for theMinoans.
49. What does the professor say about the volcanic eruption in the island of Viewvar? (A) It ended the dominance of the Minoans.
50. What might cause the decline of Mycenaean’s sea trade? (D) Politician unrest that interfered with trade.
剑桥雅思4Test4听力Section-1答案+解析
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托福TPO5综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文【雷哥托福】
托福TPO5综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文 【雷哥托福整理】 在备考托福写作的过程中，总是将托福的独立作文放在了第一位，但是实际上，综合作文也是占到了作文总分30分里面的50%的分值，不要等到分数出来了，才发现其实是综合作文的limited或者fair极大的影响了自己的分数。 考过的同学会发现托福综合作文分数不高，很大程度上是受我们听力实力的影响，我们很多托福考生的听力分数只有16分上下的时候，对于托福综合作文的听力妥妥的是束手无策，而且很多托福考生还感觉自己都听懂了，那也只能说明你听懂了大意，但是听力里面要的是每一个细节！请注意，是每一个细节！ 雷哥托福小托君给大家分享TPO1-33综合作文部分的阅读和听力文本全集与综合作文的满分作文，以及满分作文的解析。如果自己的托福综合作文分数如果可以很给力的话，就已经搞定了15分的分数，可极大地缓解托福独立作文的压力。文末教你如何使用这个材料。 TPO5 综合写作听力+阅读原文 Reading As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories. One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.
雅思剑桥8text1听力section2原稿
hello,and thank you for asking me to your teachers' meeting to told about the dinosaur museum and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your students on there Well let me give you some of the basic information first In regard to opening hours We are open every day of the week from 9.am to 8.pm except on mondays,when we close it at 1.30 pm And in fact the only day in the year when we are closed is on the 25th december You can book a guided tour for your school group any time that we are open if you bring a school group to the museum when you arrive we ask you to remain with your group at your car park one or more of the tour guides will welcome you there and brief you what the tour will be about we do this there because our entrance is quite small and we really haven't got much room for briefing group in the exhibition area as far as the amount of time you'll need goes if you bring a school group you should plan on allowing a minimum of 90 minutes for the visit this allow 15minutes to get on and off the coach 45 minutes for the guided tour and 30 minutes for the after tour activities if you are going to have lunch at the museum youwill,ofcourse,have to allow to have more time there are two cafes in the museum with sitting for 80 people if you want to eat there you'll need to reserve some seating as they can get quite crowded at lunch time then outside the museum at the back there are tables and students can bring their own lunch and eat there in the open air when the students coming into the museum foyer we ask them to check in the backpacks with their books lunch boxes at the cloakroom before they enter the museum proper i am afraid in the past we have had few things gone missing after the school visit so this is a strict rule also some of the exhibits are fragile and we don't want to be accentidentally knocked but we do provide school students have handouts with questions and quizzes on them there is so much that students can learn in the museum and it is fun for them to have something to do of course they'll need to bring something to write with for these we do allow students to have photographs
托福TPO12综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO12综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO12综合写作阅读原文文本： Jane Austen (1775-1817) is one of the most famous of all English novelists, and today her novels are more popular than ever, with several recently adapted as Hollywood movies. But we do not have many records of what she looked like. For a long time, the only accepted image of Austen was an amateur sketch of an adult Austen made by her sister Cassandra. However recently a professionally painted, full-length portrait of a teenage girl owned by a member of the Austen family has come up for sale. Although the professional painting is not titled Jane Austen, there are good reasons to believe she is the subject. First, in 1882, several decades after Austen's death, Austen's family gave permission to use the portrait as an illustration in an edition of her letters. Austen's family clearly recognized it as a portrait of the author. So, for over a century now, the Austen family itself has endorsed the claim that the girl in the portrait is Jane Austen. Second, the face in the portrait clearly resembles the one in Cassandra's sketch, which we know depicts Austen. Though somewhat amateurish, the sketch communicates definite details about Austen's face. Even though the Cassandra sketch is of an adult Jane Austen, the features are still similar to those of the teenage girl in the painting. The eyebrows, nose, mouth, and overall shape of the face are very much like those in the full-length portrait. Third, although the painting is unsigned and undated, there is evidence that it was painted when Austen was a teenager. The style links it to Ozias Humphrey, a society portrait painter who was the kind of professional the wealthy Austen family would hire. Humphrey was active in the late 1780s and early 1790s, exactly the period when Jane Austen was the age of the girl in the painting. 托福TPO12综合写作听力原文文本： Professor：The evidence linking this portrait to Jane Austen is not at all convincing. Sure, the painting has long been somewhat loosely connected to Austen's extended family and their descendants, but this hardly proves it's a portrait of Jane Austen as a teenager. The reading's arguments that the portrait is of Austen are questionable at best.First, when the portrait was authorized for use in the 1882 publication of her letters, Jane Austen had been dead for almost 70 years. So the family members who asserted that the painting was Jane had never actually seen her themselves. They couldn't have known for certain if the portrait was of Austen or not.Second, the portrait could very well be that of a relative of Austen's, a fact that would explain the resemblance between its subject and that of Cassandra's sketch. The extended Austen family was very large and many of Jane Austen's female cousins were teenagers in the relevant period or had children who were teenagers. And some of these teenage girls could have resembled Jane Austen. In fact, many experts believe that the truesubject of the portrait was one of those relatives, Marianne Kempian,
老托福93篇听力原文
1 Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. Y ou education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. Y ou'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. Y ou can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors---he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. Y ou can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week. 2 I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so
【免费下载】剑桥雅思9听力原文
Text 1 Section1 W: Good evening. King's restaurant. M: Good evening. I'm ringing about the job I understand you have vacant? W: Oh, yes. M: I'd like to find out a few more details if I may. W: Yes, of course. Can I take your name? M: It's Peter Chin. W: Ok, Peter. Well, if you want to ask about the job and then if we're both still interested, we could arrange you to come for an interview. M: Great, thanks. I'm afraid I missed the advert for the job but I heard about it from a friend. W: That's no problem at all. What would you like to know? M: Well, um, what sort of work is it- washing up? W: It's answering the phone. M: Oh, right, fine. W: And not waiting at table. M: That'll be good. And how many nights a week would it be? W: Well, we're really only busy at the weekend. M: So two nights? W: Three actually, so it would work out 12 hours a week. M: That'd be fine. It wouldn't interfere with my studies. W: Are you in the university? M: Yes, first year Physics student. W: Oh, right
托福听力TPO1原文 Lecture 4
下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO1原文中Lecture 4的文本内容吧，大 家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。 TPO 1 Lecture 4BiologyNarratorListen to part of a lecture in a biology class. ProfessorFor today’s discussion, we’ll review the case study on how some animals have behaviorally adapted to their environments. Now you had to read about two animal species, the Eastern marmot and the Olympic marmot. Marmots are rodents. They are large ground squirrels, about the size of an average house cat. And they live in a variety of habitats. And even though they spend the significant portion of the year hibernating, according to this case study, marmots are still considered excellent subjects for animal behavioral studies. Why is that? StudentWell, when they are not hibernating, you can find them in open areas. And they are pretty active during the day, which makes them easy to observe, right? ProfessorUh-huh, so first let’s discuss the Eastern marmots. They reside throughout the eastern region of North America where there is a temperate climate, where the growing season lasts for at least five months of the year, which is when they do all their mating, playing and eating. StudentOh, I see. At first I wasn’t sure what growing season meant, just from the reading. But now I get it. It's the amount of time it takes for them to grow, right? So it would be five months? ProfessorUmm? Oh, uh… I’m sorry but no. It has nothing to do with that. It's not about the time it takes for Eastern marmots to grow. It’s when the food is available. That is when it’s not covered in snow and there is no frost covering the grass and, umm, vegetative parts of a plant’s herbs and the flowers the marmots like to eat. So growing season refers to the availability of the food they eat, OK? So now how would you describe the Eastern marmots’ social habits? StudentWell, they are really territorial, and loners, and just so aggressive even with other Eastern marmots. And their mating ritual is just so impersonal. ProfessorUh-huh? Now when they emerge in the spring from hibernation, the mating process begins. For them, well, they come together to mate and then they
剑桥雅思听力test解析
S e c t i o n 1 题目解析： 原文难句 1.Will that work out to be any cheaper? 那样会不会便宜一点呢? that 指代前面所说内容：I know the conference is for three days but actually I want to attend on the Friday and Saturday only. 一般对于前面所重复的信息不会在下一句话中重复出现，避免语句重复现象，用指示代词 that/this/these/those等指代即可。 work out的本意为：解决;算出;实现;制定出;消耗完;弄懂;锻炼，但是在这句话中没有特别的含义。 2.They are only ￡15 per night, but they are very basic and you’ll have to get your own breakfast, because they don’t provide you with that. 那些房间每天晚上只需15磅，但是房间里面只有一些基础设施，而且你要自己买早餐，因为它们不提供早餐。 basic指的是房间内只有一些非常基础的设施。get 的意思有 vt. 使得;获得;受到;变成n. 生殖;幼兽vi. 成为;变得;到达，在这句话里面指的是自己买早餐吃。 provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供什么 3. The details are all in our conference pack, which I’ll send you. 细节内容在我们的会议安排表内有具体说明，我会邮寄给您的。 pack的本意是n. 包装;一群;背包;包裹;一副 vt. 包装;压紧;捆扎;挑选;塞满vi. 挤;包装货物;被包装;群集。在这句话中的意思是“所有费用都包含在会议的费用之内”。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面所说conference pack 4.Otherwise, you can take the bus which runs every half an hour from the station - that's the 21A — and it brings you straight to the conference centre. 或者，您可以乘坐21A路公共汽车，每半小时一趟，直接到会议中心。 which引导限定性定语从句，指代前面所说bus that's the 21A是插入语成分 straight a.直接的 题目答案： 1. 75 2. cheque/check 3.15 4,.25 5. 10minute(s')/min(s') 6. conference pack 7. South 8. library 9. 5 10.21A
雅思剑桥听力test3解析
Section1 剑桥雅思5Test3听力Section 1答案+解析 谈话场景：售车中心购车咨询。 人物关系：售车中心工作人员与购车客户。 谈话话题：购买合适的汽车，讨论车况细节以及客户信息。 交际与语言表达 1. 本篇文章主要讨论购车咨询过程中的细节问题，这也是雅思生活场景听力试题中经常涉及的内容之一，考生对一些常用的买车购车以及汽车的词汇和表达法要耳熟能详，并且还要了解填写顾客情况调查表时所涉及的一般常用问题。 2. 在售车中心，或者在一般性商场，工作人员或者是销售人员都会主动向顾客问好，并且通常会说： How can I help you? 或Can I help you, Sir/ Madam? 或者是Is there anything I can do for you? 考生在听到这一问题后，应首先反应到下面的对话应该是属于买家与卖家的对话。 3. Had you got any particular make in mind? 您心里是否已经有了特别钟意的( 汽车) 牌子了? 许多考生可能不知道、或者没有留意到make 这个词在这句话的实际意思，但该词直接影响到第一题的答案。事实上，如果我们事先注意到题目的设置，我们就会知道make 在这里是指“汽车牌子”。 4. Any idea? 您有什么想法/ 意见吗? 该句是地道的口语表达，两个人在说话的时候都有针对前文的省略语，很多地方必须理解说话人
上句话才能理解下一句，这在口语中很常见，所以考生一定要对这种省略语倍加注意。这句话如果补充完整应该是： Do you have any idea of the engine size? 下文中a 1. 4 should do 和I don’ t think I need a 1. 6 or anything 以及Mileage? Roughly? 都是如此。 5. I presume you’ d want a manual? …but I assume that’ d be OK? 这两个问句都是售车人员在征求顾客的意见，其中presume 和assume 都等于think，但售车人员在问这两句话时一般都是期望得到顾客肯定的答复。 6. Have you given that any thought? 您是否考虑过这一点? give thought to sb./ sth. 意思是：考虑某人或某事。 7. I think I’ ll go for that. 我想我还是选择那个吧。 go for sth. 意思是：选择某事物，这里的go for 等同于prefer。 8. The cash price is going to be somewhere in the region of seven and a half thousand. 现金支付的话大约是7, 500 英镑。考生要注意该句中出价的表达方法和黑体部分，这句话可以简单地表达为The cash price is going to be about 7, 500。下句Are you in a position to pay cash?您是否愿意现金支付? 同样可以简单地表达为Are you going to pay cash? 注意这两种表达方式的区别。 9. Could I have your full name? 请问您的全名是什么? 这样的问法要比What’ s your name? 有礼貌的多。类似的说法还有Is there any possibility that I can have/ get your name?
托福听力原文
0401 W: Hey Steve, got any plans for tonight? M: Hi, Jane. No, I don't think so. Why? Got any suggestions? W: In fact, I do. I just got two tickets to the opening of the exhibit of the reprints by Julia Margaret Cameron. I would have tomention it earlier, but I was on the waiting list for these tickets and I wasn't sure I'd even get them. M: An exhibit, huh? I like such things. But I don't know who Julia…… W: Margaret Cameron! She was a photographer in the 1800s. She is interesting to art-historians in general and students ofphotography in particular because she ... how should I say, change the aesthetics for photography. M: What do you mean? W: Well, her specialty was portraits and instead of just making a factual record of details like most photographers did, you know, justcapturing what a person look like in a dispassionate thought of way. She, like a portrait painter, was interested in capturing hersubject's personality. M: Interesting! How did she do that? W: She invented a number of techniques that affect the picture. Like one of these things she did was blur images slightly by using asoft focus on the subject. That's pretty common now. M: Yeah, seen that. Who did she photograph? W: Famous people of her day, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Charles Darwin, I don't know who else. We'll seeat the exhibition. M: You really pick my curiosity. I am going to enjoy this. 31. What is the conversation mainly about? (A) A famous photographer 32. What did Julia Margaret Cameron emphasize in her portraits? (C) Her subject's personality 33. According to the conversation, what unique photographic technique did Margaret Cameron use? (D) Soft focus 34. What will be the subject of the pictures at the exhibit? (C) Well-known people M: Do you want to the movies with on Saturday? W: Thanks, but I have to study my research project. I'm taking that same anthropology course you took with Prof. Grady. M: The one on ethnographic interviewing? Oh, good! I'm sure you'll get a lot out of it. W: I have to admit the word "ethnography"(人种学) scared me a little at first. It seems so technical. But then when she explained that it's what anthropologists do, you know, how they investigate and record aspects of a culture, I didn't seem so intimidating! M: Yeah, it's all part of the fields work anthropologists conduct and it's good to start doing that now before you become a graduatestudent and have to conduct large projects yourself. Who are you going to interview? W: You know the publishing office where I used to work? Vivian, the woman I worked for, she's been a manager there for over 30years and had seen a lot of changes in the industry. I thought I'd start out by interviewing her about how the people in the officeinteract with each other and with outside clients. M: Isn't it funny how we use the thing that anthropologists study to foreign cultures and had the travel halfway across the world to doit? The best part of that course is that it shows you that ethnographic research can also be done on a familiar ground. W: Yeah. I got the idea from my project from reading Robert Marshal's study of office life and I
剑桥雅思听力超详细解析(1)
剑桥雅思听力超详细解析（1） 场景背景介绍 在国外留学时，学生在学习过程中经常要针对某一专题找资料，整理之后在课堂上以演讲的方式展示给大家。老师经常布置这类任务，有的还要评分。 在这段对话中，由于是第一次课堂演讲，所以不评分。因此，男生听到这个消息后会说“Good news”。 本节必背词汇、词组 presentation n. 针对某一专题发表的演讲overhead projector 投影仪 assess v. 评估scale n. 规模 historical a. 历史的resource n. 资源 geographical a. 地理的brochure n. 小册子 overview n. 综述literacy n. 识字，读写能力;有学问 nope ad. (口语)不encyclopaedia n. 百科全书 seminar n. 研讨会enthusiastic a. 有激情的，热情的 positive a. 确定的，肯定的tutorial n. 指导课，个别指导 词汇拓展 assignment n. 作业survey n. 调查，研究 deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期questionnaire n. 调查问卷 extension n. 延期 文本及疑难解析 1. No...not this time round...because it's the first one...you know. 不，这一次不评分，你知道，因为这是第一次。 该句的难点：“this time round”的意思就相当于“not this time”。另外“you know”没有什么具体含义，只是一个口头禅。
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