托福听力TPO24原文Lecture4

托福听力TPO24原文Lecture4

下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO24原文中Lecture4的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录前程百利论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。

TPO24Lecture4-Astronomy(Shield Volcanoes on Venus)

Professor：Many people have been fascinated about Venus for centuries because of its thick cloud cover,this so-called planet of mystery and all of that.Well,what's under those clouds?What's the surface of the planet like?Some questions about the surface are still unresolved but,but we have learned a lot about it in the past several years.First of all,let me talk about how we have been able to get past those clouds.First,there were Soviet modules2that landed directly on the surface and sent back some images ofwhat was around them.Second,we did some radar imaging from satellites from above.Radar can get through the clouds.So what have we learned?Yes,Karen?

Student：Well,I remember reading that there's not really a lot going on,that the surface of Venus is just flat and smooth in a lot of places.

Professor：Yeah,smooth in a lot of places.But that's not,um...that's not the whole picture.In other areas,you've got canyons,ripped valleys,meteo craters,uh,lava domes, these lava formations that look like giant pancakes.And also volcanoes.Well,one of the most interesting features on the surface are in fact the shield volcanoes.Shield volcanoes formed when magma comes out of the ground in the same spot over and over again.Remember, magma is hot molten rock that's underground,and it is called lava when it reaches the surface. Uh,so the lava builds up,and hardens,and a volcano forms.Now,the lava on Venus is thin. It spreads out easily.So shield volcanoes have very gentle sloping sides.They are called shield volcanoes,because viewed from above,they kind of resemble shields,you know,like a warrior's shield.But what's particularly interesting about these volcanoes is that most of the volcanoes here on Earth are not shield volcanoes.Instead,they are other volcano types,like strata volcanoes,for example,which are a result of tectonic plate movement. Remember tectonic plates?Underneath the Earth's crust,there are a number of shifting slabs or plates that are slowly moving.And in the zones on the edges of the plates where different

plates meet and interact,that's where we get most of Earth's volcanoesOn Venus,however, volcanoes are not clustered in discrete zones like they are on Earth.Instead,they are more or less randomly scattered over Venus's surface.Well,that's significant.Venus has mostly shield volcanoes,and they are randomly scattered,that indicates that Venus does not have moving tectonic plates,and that's a big difference compared to Earth.Here on Earth,moving tectonic plates are a major geological element,just crucial for the whole surface dynamic,right?So why doesn't Venus have them?Well,there are a few theories.One of them is that this has to do with the fact that Venus has no surface water that's needed to kind of lubricate the movement of the plates,you know,like oceans on Earth.Yeah,I forgot to spell that out.Uh,Venus has no surface water.

Student：Wait a second.Did you say we have shield volcanoes on Earth?Can you give an example?

Professor：Sure.The volcanoes in the Hawaii islands,in the Pacific Ocean are shield volcanoes.They are formed over a hot spot of magma.So while on Earth we have several types of volcanoes,on Venus there's mostly the one type.Uh,Eric?

Student：Are the volcanoes on Venus still active?

Professor：Well,that's an interesting question.There is still some discussion on that point.But here's what we do now.First,the level of sulfur dioxide gas above Venus's clouds shows large and very frequent fluctuations.It is quite possible that these fluctuations, the huge increase and decrease of sulfur dioxide,happening again and again.It's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions,because volcanic eruptions often emit gases. If that's the case,volcanism could very well be the root cause of Venus's thick cloud cover. And also we have observed bursts of radio energy from the planet's surface.These bursts are similar to what we see when volcanoes erupt on Earth.So this too suggests ongoing volcanic activity.But although this is intriguing evidence,no one's actually observed a Venus volcano erupting yet,so we can't be positive.

教授：几个世纪来许多人都对厚云层覆盖的金星有着深厚的兴趣，它被称之为神秘的星球。那么，云层下面是什么呢?金星的表面是什么样子呢?关于金星地表的一些问题还没有被解决，但是在过去的几年中我们也对之有所了解。首先，让我说一下我们已经能够穿过这些厚厚的云层。首先，

是苏联的“金星二号”探测器，他直接着陆在金星表面并发回了它周围的图像。其次，我们用金星上空的卫星金星了雷达成像。雷达可以穿过云层。所以我们都知道了什么呢?好，凯伦?

学生：嗯，我记得读到过，并没有多大的收获，金星的地表的大部分地区十分平坦。

教授：是的，大部分地区十分平坦。但是，并不全是这样。在其他地区，有火山、轮廓清晰的山谷、陨石坑、熔岩穹丘。这些熔岩的形状就像是巨大的薄饼。火山也是如此。金星地表最有意思的特征是火山的地盾。地盾是由于岩浆反复从一个地方喷出地表而形成的。记住，岩浆是地下热的熔化了的岩石，当流出地表后就称为岩浆。这样，岩浆构成并冷却成火山。金星的岩浆比较稀薄。它很容易就会喷出。所以火山的地盾比较平缓。他们被叫做盾状火山，是因为从上空看起来他们的形状比较像盾，就是战士的盾牌。十分有趣的是地球上的火上大部分都不是盾状火山，相反的，是其他种类的火山，例如，地层火山，是地球板块运动造成的。还记得地层火山吧?在地壳下方，有许多缓缓移动的板块。而在不同板块连接或互相作用的地区，存在着地球上大部分的火山。而在金星上，火山并不像在地球上一样在个别地区集中，相反地它们很随机的分布在金星的表面。很是壮观。金星上大部分是盾状火山，它们的分布十分分散，这说明金星没有移动的地质板块，这与地球十分的不同。在地球上，活动的地质板块是只要的地质因素，对整个地表的动态变化十分的重要，对不对?为什么金星没有地质板块呢?对此有几个理论。其中一个是说由于火星没有地表水，地表水可以为地质板块的运动起到润滑作用，就像在地球上一样。哦，我忘了提到，金星上没有地表水。

学生：请等一下。您说地球上有盾状火山?您能举一个例子吗?

教授：当然可以了。在太平洋的夏威夷岛上的火山就是盾状火山。它们是由地下喷出的岩浆构成的。所以在地球上的火山有很多种，而金星上的火山却差不多只有一种。艾瑞克?

学生：金星上的火山是活火山吗?

教授：嗯，这个问题很有意思。对于这个问题还存在着争论。这样讲吧。首先，金星云层中的二氧化硫的含量显示出很大幅度并经常的波动。这些波动有可能是由二氧化硫不断地骤增和骤减引起的。很有可能这是由火山爆发引起的，因为火山爆发常常会发射出气体。如果是这样的话，火山活动很有可能是造成金星厚云盖的根本原因。而且我们观察到金星表面会爆发出电磁能量。这种爆发与我们在地球上看到的火山爆发相似。这也同样使人联想到火山活动。但尽管这个证据十分有吸引力，但是到目前为止并没有人真正的见过金星的火山爆发，所以我们无法肯定。

以上就是托福听力TPO24原文中Lecture4的文本内容，希望大家能够用心体会，更多TPO文本内容小编稍后为您呈现。最后，小编祝大家在托福考试中取得好成绩！

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家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。 TPO 1 Lecture 1Contemporary artListen to part of a lecture in a contemporary art class. ProfessorOk, I’m going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started in fact, but it’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment. The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzen’s work may be unfamiliar to you since she’s a relatively young artist. But she’s got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzen’s style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So you’ve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up? StudentWell, Impressionism started in the late 19th century. Um…the basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um… Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough. ProfessorGood. What else? What were the subjects? StudentWell, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, uh, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes. ProfessorGood. So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. It’s a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzen’s style. It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors aren’t quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well an unnatural pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground

老托福听力1~2原文及翻译

1 Community service【社区服务】is an important component of education here at our university. 在我们大学这里，社区服务是教育的一个重要组成部分。 We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. 我们鼓励所有的学生在他们毕业前至少志愿参加一次社区活动。 A new community program called "One On One"【一对一】helps elementary students who've fallen behind. 一个新的社区计划，叫做“一对一”，帮助落后的小学生 You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. 你们教育专业的可能对此很感兴趣，因为它提供了教学的机会，也就是说，辅导数学和英语 You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. 你们必须在一学期内每周志愿服务两个小时。你可以选择帮助一个孩子的数学、英语或两个都帮。 Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. 半个小时的课程就好，所以你可以每项做半个小时, 一周做两天。