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国际贸易经典案例五:Top of the Tree Baking Company

国际贸易经典案例五:Top of the Tree Baking Company
国际贸易经典案例五:Top of the Tree Baking Company

国际贸易经典案例五:Top of the Tree Baking Company

Facing Business Challenges at Top of the Tree Baking Company

Baking Up Millions

You can use a lot of words to describe Gordon Weinberger, the founder of Top of the Tree Baking Company. Verbose. Determined. And, of course, tall - 6 feet 9 inches. Another man might have shrunk from the task that Weinberger had set for himself a couple of years ago, but Weinberger didn't. For two straight weeks, he would rush home from his day job in Boston, throw back some dinner , and then head upstairs to his study to work the phones from 6 P.M. to 11 P.M.

He worked from a list of more than 70 prospective investors: cousins, aunts,uncles, in-laws, colleagues of his father, and friends of the family - many of whom he hadn't talked to in years. This meant he had a lot of catching up to do before he could even begin to tell them about the new company he hoped to start. Even for Gordon Weinberger, a man with an extraordinary gift of gab , convincing them to invest in his idea might be hard work.

But Weinberger needed money - $100,000 to be exact. In the previous 4 months,he had honed his pie recipe, drawn up a detailed business plan, and sounded out the buyers from area supermarket chains. Almost everywhere he went, the feedback was positive. But without money, he knew his pies weren't going to get much farther than the local county fair.

Each time Weinberger reached for the phone, he drew in a deep breath. Then when the moment arrived, he did what he does best: He told his story. “Hi; this is Gordon. How are you doing?Hey,I'm starting this new company,and I was wondering…” By the end of the night, his ear would be sore and his vocal chords scratchy . But it was worth the trouble.

Though it took a few months and a few more phone calls before the money began to roll in, he “sold” his idea to 11 investors, each of whom contributed about $10,000. The structure of the private stock offering was quite simple. The investors agreed that they would have no direct control or say in the affairs of Top of the Tree. In exchange, they were promised double their money back in 5 years.

Although entrepreneurs are often strong on developing their ideas, many stumble when it comes to raising money. Weinberger had little financial experience beyond negotiating a home mortgage . So the question is: How did Weinberger succeed where so many others had failed? If you were Gordon Weinberger, how would you prepare to market your small-business idea to investors? Where might you go for financing ?How hard would you be willing to work to turn your vision into reality? What would you include in your business plan?

Meeting Business Challenges at Top of the Tree Baking Company

Gordon Weinberger knew he had his work cut out for him1. After all, the pie industry was very competitive indeed. Behemoths2 like Mrs. Smith's and Entenmann's dominated the price-sensitive end of the spectrum3, and anyone who wanted something akin to4 what grandma used to make headed for the bakery department.

In his informal research of the bakery pies, Weinberger learned two things:

First, appearances aside, pies were rarely baked on premises. Second, in his view,they didn't taste half as good as his pies. Taking a cue from Ben & Jerry's Homemade ice cream, Weinberger believed there was room in the market for a relatively expensive, fresh apple pie. And apparently, some people agreed including Jerry Weissman, a businessman and friend of the family.

Weissman took Weinberger's business plan to a few friends who were enthralled . The plan had short-term goals, long-term goals, and a ladder-type path to reach those goals. And Weissman liked something else, something far less tangible than Weinberger's well-thought-out plan. Weissman sensed that Weinberger had the character and commitment to carry out the plan and he was right.

Weinberger's entrepreneurial pie odyssey began at a 1992 Old Home Day fair in Londonderry, New Hampshire, where he won the apple pie baking contest with his great-grandmother Anne's family pie recipe. After twice repeating his victory, he began to think he might have a recipe for success, not to mention a way to leave his job running the public relations division for a Boston advertising agency.

To develop interest in his pies, Weinberger approached individual branches of supermarkets, Shop & Save in New Hampshire and Star Marketing in Boston, conducting in-store tastings and parking lot pie-eating contests. For meetings with supermarket buyers, Weinberger spread checkered tablecloths on the executives' desks, played a tape-recorded jingle, and served up warm pie and cold milk.

During their first summer, a period when pie sales notoriously are in the doldrums , Weinberger and company hitched an 11-foot-tall fiberglass apple to the back of their truck for a tour through Boston and four other New England cities. Once they arrived, they threw open the doors and began handing out thousands of free pies and pints of frozen yogurt. It was a public relations coup , earning Weinberger spots on the evening news and attention in local newspapers.

By the end of 1995, his first year in business, Top of the Tree was churning out 3-pound pies at the rate of 6,000 a week and had racked up about $1 million in sales. The figures were almost exactly what Weinberger projected in his business plan,even though the route wasn't exactly as he had envisioned . That's because his sales got an unexpected boost from a stint selling his pies on the QVC home shopping network. During the original segment, which has since turned into a monthly event, he sold 2,700 pies in less than 2 minutes!

To raise funds for branching out and automating his pie works, Weinberger undertook some unusual methods to market his pies. For example, to increase awareness and get people excited about his pies, Weinberger and his pie staff toured the United States in a refurbished school bus, serving up apple pie to would-be consumers. Not only was it an effective marketing tool, but the bus became a mobile fund-raiser. In the “Find the Dough Campaign,” headed by pie specialist Scott Mayo, the bus was used to seek out more capital. By using valet parking outside swank restaurants and hotels, the pie staff had ready access to potential investors.

One recent weekend the pie staff embarked on a tour of Boston, where they picked people up, fed them pie, and dropped them off at their destinations - just like Mass Transit, only with dessert. Afterward they parked outside of the Ritz Carlton,

where Weinberger and his pie staff provided information on Top of the Tree. “It's incredible,” says Weinberger. “We are touching people in ways that they never envisioned.”

To date, Weinberger has secured $1 million in additional capital with his unusual marketing tactics, and he's intent on raising more money without giving up a significant amount of control of the company. "I don't want to give up half the company for $2 million," says Weinberger. The perfect investors, according to Weinberger,would have a lot of money in their wallet but be willing to step back and let him run the company.

From its fledgling roots, Top of the Tree has blossomed, almost tripling its sales during its second year of operation. There is no doubt that Weinberger's dynamic marketing strategies will see him through to his goal: to become a $20 million company within the next 3 or 4 years.

国际贸易合同经典版正式样本

文件编号:TP-AR-L3691 Written Materials Signed By Both Parties Or Several Parties In Order To Protect Their Respective Legitimate Rights And Interests After Reaching An Agreement Through Mutual Consultation, So As To Maximize Their Interests (示范文本) 编制:_______________ 审核:_______________ 单位:_______________ 国际贸易合同经典版正 式样本

国际贸易合同经典版正式样本 使用注意:该协议资料可用在工作或生活中,协作的双方或数方,为保障各自的合法权益经各方共同协商达成一致意见后,签订的书面材料,以便实现利益最大化。材料内容可根据实际情况作相应修改,请在使用时认真阅读。 有关国际贸易合同 合同编号:____ (售方)为一方,与____(购方)为另一方,签订合 同如下: 第一条合同对象 依据____年__月__日双方签订的关于合作的协 议,在售方国国境车上交货条件下售方售出,购方购 入货物。其数量、种类、价格及交货期均按第__号附 件办理,该附件为本合同不可分割的部分。 合同总金额为_____ 第二条价格

本合同所售出货物的价格以瑞士法郎计算,此项价格系卖方国国境车上交货,包括包皮、包装和标记费在内。 第三条品质 按本合同所售出货物的品质应符合中华人民共和国国家标准或原苏联国家标准,并符合本合同附件所规定的技术条件;凭样交货的商品品质应符合双方确认的样品。 商品质量应以售方国国家商品检验局出具的品质证明书证明之。 第四条供货期 售方应在本合同附件规定的期限内发货。在征得购方同意的情况下,售方有权按双方商妥的数量和金额提前交货。 第五条标记

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国际贸易合同通用版

国际贸易合同通用版 General version of international trade contract 甲方:___________________________ 乙方:___________________________ 签订日期:____ 年 ____ 月 ____ 日 合同编号:XX-2020-01

国际贸易合同通用版 前言:贸易合同又称契约或合约,是进口出口双方当事人依照法律通过协商就各自的在贸易上的权利和义务所达成的具有法律约束力的协议。本文档根据贸易合同内容要求和特点展开说明,具有实践指导意义,便于学习和使用,本文档下载后内容可按需编辑修改及打印。 国际贸易合同样本 合同编号:____ (售方)为一方,与____(购方)为另一方,签订合同如下: 第一条合同对象 依据____年__月__日双方签订的关于合作的协议,在售方国国境车上交货条件下售方售出,购方购入货物。其数量、种类、价格及交货期均按第__号附件办理,该附件为本合同不可分割的部分。 合同总金额为_____ 第二条价格 本合同所售出货物的价格以瑞士法郎计算,此项价格系卖方国国境车上交货,包括包皮、包装和标记费在内。

第三条品质 按本合同所售出货物的品质应符合中华人民共和国国家 标准或原苏联国家标准,并符合本合同附件所规定的技术条件;凭样交货的商品品质应符合双方确认的样品。 商品质量应以售方国国家商品检验局出具的品质证明书 证明之。 第四条供货期 售方应在本合同附件规定的期限内发货。在征得购方同 意的情况下,售方有权按双方商妥的数量和金额提前交货。 第五条标记 每个货箱均应用防水颜料在箱体的'三面(上面,前面和 左右)用英、俄两种文字书写以下标记:合同号,收货人,箱号,毛重,净重。 第六条支付 本合同所供应的货物之价款,由购方按照中国银行和原 苏联外经银行关于边境贸易支付协议书所规定的办法及————年——月——日“由中国向苏联和由苏联向中国交货的共同条件”以瑞士法郎凭下列单据向售方支付:

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zero-sum game零和游戏; specialization专业化;economies of scale规模经济; welfare福利; 1 free-market economics自由市场经济 classical economist古典经济学家; oversupply供大于求;过度供给; inflation通货膨胀;Industrial Revolution工业革命; free trade policy自由贸易政策; protectionism保护贸易主义; international monetary system国际货币体系; gold standard金本位;exchange rate汇率; international price国际价格;devaluation贬值; depreciation贬值;appreciation升值; revaluation升值;the Great Depression大萧条; Keynesian凯恩斯主义者; countercyclical policy反周期政策; centrally planned system中央计划体制; economic affair经济事务; bilateral trading agreement双边贸易协定; foreign exchange外汇; foreign exchange control外汇管制; The Marshall Plan马歇尔计划; The Bretton Woods agreement布雷顿森林协定;

国际贸易经典案例分析含答案

?案例:某出口公司向外商出售一级大米300吨,成交条件FOB上海.装船时货物经检验符合合同要求,货物出运后,卖方及时向买方发出装船通知.但是航运途中,因海浪过大,大米大半被海水浸泡,品质受到影响.货物到达目的港后,只能按三级大米价格出售,于是买方要求卖方赔偿差价损失。问应如何处理这一纠纷?卖方不应该赔偿差价损失。采用FOB条款,货物在越过船舷之后,风险和责任在买方。 ?案例:我国某内陆出口公司于2000年2月向日本出口30吨甘草膏,每吨40箱共1200箱,每吨售价1800美元,FOB新港,共54000美元,即期信用证,装运期为2月25日之前,货物必须装集装箱。该出口公司在天津设有办事处,于是在2月上旬便将货物运到天津,由天津办事处负责订箱装船,不料货物在天津存仓后的第二天,仓库午夜着火,抢救不及,1200箱甘草膏全部被焚,办事处立即通知内地公司总部并要求尽快补发30吨。否则无法按期装船。结果该出口公司因货源不济,只好要求日商将信用证的效期和装运期各延长15天。试分析其中缘由。 ?该出口公司所在地正处在铁路交通的干线上,外运公司和中远公司在该市都有集装箱中转站,既可接受拼箱托运也可接受整箱托运。假如当初采用FCA(该市名称)对外成交,出口公司在当地将1200箱交中转站或自装自集后将整箱(集装箱)交中转站,不仅风险转移给买方,而且当地承运人(即中转站)签发的货运单据即可在当地银行办理议付结汇。该公司自担风险将货物运往天津,再集装箱出口,不仅加大了自身风险,而且推迟结汇。 ?案例:我与越南某客商凭样品成交达成一笔出口镰刀的交易。合同中规定复验有效期为货物到达目的港后的60天。货物到目的港经越商复验后,未提出任何异议。但事隔半年,越商来电称:镰刀全部生锈,只能降价出售,越商因此要求我方按成交价的40%赔偿其损失。我方接电后立即查看我方留存的复样,也发现类似情况?问我方应否同意对方的要求,为什么? ?不同意,此案例中的买卖是凭买方样品买卖,即由提供样品由买方依样承制。在我方留存的复样中,也发现生锈,说明我方式按照买方提供的样品生产,生锈了的才是符合卖方要求的 ? ?案例:我国某公司同日本公司签订出口羊绒衫合同,供出口羊绒衫10000件,价值100万美元。合同规定羊绒含量为100%,商标上也表明“100%羊绒”。当对方对我方公司出口羊绒衫进行检验后,发现羊绒衫含量不符合合同规定而提出索赔,要求赔偿200万美元。最后我方公司赔偿数十万美元结案。 ?在合同中没有用品质机动幅度 ?案例:我某出口公司在某次交易会上与外商当面谈妥出口大米10000公吨,每公吨USD275FOB中国口岸。 但我方公司在签约时,合同上只笼统地写了10000吨,我方当事人主观上认为合同上的吨就是指公吨。后来,外商来证要求按长吨供货。如果我方照证办理则要多交大米160.5公吨,折合美元为44137.5美元。于是,双方发生争议。 ?应采用国际单位制计量单位 ?案例:我某公司出口布匹以信用证结算,买方银行来证规定,数量大约为5000码,每码1美元,但金额注明为不超过总额5000美元,则我某公司如何掌握装运数量? ?大约可解释为交货数量有不超过10%的增减幅度,4500~5000 ?案例:黑龙江某贸易出口公司与俄罗斯公司成交一笔黄豆出口交易。合同的数量条款规定:每袋黄豆净重100公斤,共1000袋,合计100吨,但货物运抵俄罗斯后,经俄罗斯海关检查后,每袋黄豆净重只有96公斤,1000袋共96吨,当时正遇市场黄豆价格下跌,俄罗斯公司以单货不符为由,提出降价5%的要求,否则拒收。 请问:俄罗斯的要求是否合理?我方应采取什么补救措施?另问:若该例黄豆不是用袋装而是散装,则结果又如何? ?合理,把黄豆改成散装,在5%的增减幅度内,则无须降价赔偿 ?《UCP500》第39条B款规定:除非信用证规定货物的指定数量不得有增减外,在所支付款项不超过信用

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