语法——并列句和状语从句资料

第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下：

核心考点01考查并列连词

并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。

1.表示并列关系的连词

表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。

2.表示选择关系的连词

表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。

3.表示转折关系的连词

表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。

4.表示因果关系的连词

表示因果关系的连词有for，so。

We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.

5.when作并列连词的用法

when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:

①sb. was doing sth. when...

②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when...

③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when...

④sb. had just done sth. when...。如:

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。

6.while作并列连词的用法

while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如:

He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.

他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。

I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin.

我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。

典例分析1

(2017 北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited.

—No problem.

【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。

【答案】so

典例分析2

He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone.

【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。

【答案】but

典例分析3

You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you.

【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。

【答案】or

典例分析4

Our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, _________for the week after.

【解析】句意: 我们的房间预订的不是那一周,而是后一周。根据前面的hadn’t判断, 本空填but; not...but...“不是……而是……”。

【答案】but

典例分析5

There were many people waiting at the bus stop,_________ some of them looked very anxious.

【解析】句意:很多人在公交车站那里等着,他们中一些人看上去很焦躁。空格前后是两个句子,而且表示两种并列的状况,所以要用and连接。

【答案】and

典例分析6

Give me a chance,_________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.

【解析】句意:如果你给我一个机会,我会给你一个惊喜。此处为“祈使句+and+简单句”结构。

【答案】and

状元提醒

祈使句加and, or引导的并列句表示条件。

Study hard, or you will fail the exam.好好学习，不然的话会考试不及格。

Stand up and you’ll see farther.如果站起来，你就会看得更远。

核心考点02考查时间状语从句

时间状语从句通常由从属连词when，while，as，till/until，not... until...，since，before，whenever，after，as soon as，hardly…when…，no sooner…than…，once等引导。作答相关的试题时，一定要根据上下文所提到的动作或事件的先后关系来判断。

1. 名词词组引导时间状语从句

名词词组every time，the next time，the moment，the instant等，也可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。

I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.

我第一次见她就对她印象很好并认为她很诚实。

I found myself in an entirely new world the moment I arrived in Beijing.

我一到北京就感到耳目一新。

2. 副词用作连词引导的时间状语从句

instantly, immediately，instantly，directly, presently等也可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句，表示"一……就……"的意思。

The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.

那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。

Directly he came in, he knew something had happened.

他一进来，就知道出了什么事了。

3. when, while和as的区别

(1) when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。

Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了.

Strike while the iron is hot．趁热打铁

The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记.

(2) when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。

When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.

当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airport, the guests had left.

当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。

(3) 当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用

as，意为“随着……”；“一边……,一边……”。

The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.

随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。

(4) 如果主句表示的是短暂性的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，when/while/as可换用。

When/While/As I walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.

我在街上走的时候，看到了一位朋友。

4. till, until和not…until的用法

(1)till和until用于肯定句中，和延续性动词连用，意为“直到……为止”，表示该动作或

状态的终止时间。(till和until作介词的用法相同)

She stood there until he had passed out of sight.

她站在那里直到他从视线里消失。

(2)till和until用在否定句中，常和非延续性动词连用，意为“直到……才……”，表示动作的开始时间。

The Olympic Games, first played in 776 B.C., did not include women players until it was held in 1912.

奥林匹克运动会第一次举办是在公元前776年，直到1912年才有女选手参赛。

注意：until可以用在句首，till不可以用在句首。

Until you told me, I knew nothing about it.

直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事情。

5. since和before的用法比较

(1)since引导的时间状语从句，从句谓语动词是延续性动词的时候，理解为某动作的终止，如果从句谓语动词是非延续性动词的时候理解为某个状态的开始。

It is three years since he became a teacher.

他当教师已经三年了。

It is three years since he was a teacher.

他不当教师已经三年了。

(2)before引导的时间状语从句它可翻译为：“还未……就……”，“……才……”，“还没来得及……就……”等。

He walked out of the room before I could say a word.

我还没来得及说一句话他就走出了房间。

③与before和since相关的句型

It is+一段时间+since…(过去时). 自从……以来……

It will be+一段时间+before…(一般现在时). 要过多长时间才……

It was+一段时间+before…(一般过去时). 过了……才……

It will be +not+一段时间+before…. 过不了多长时间……就……

It wasn’t+时间段+before…(一般过去时). 过……之后就……

It is 30 years since he joined the revolution. 他参加革命己三十年了。

It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回来。

It will be a month before we graduate. 再过一个月我们就毕业了。

典例分析1

(2017北京卷)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _________ you figure it out.

【解析】句意:如果你不理解某个事物, 你可以去调查、研究、与他人交谈, 直到你把它弄明白为止。所填的词意为“直到”，所以用until/till引导时间状语从句,

【答案】until/till

典例分析2

the wedding ceremony began, the couple nervously repeated their vows “We promise to love each other for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health”.

【解析】句意:当婚礼开始时,那对新人紧张地重复着他们的誓言“我们发誓彼此相爱,无论环境好坏、无论贫穷富足、无论疾病健康。”根据上下文逻辑可知设空处引导时间状语从句, 且从句谓语动词为瞬间动词, 故答案为When。

【答案】When

典例分析3

It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.

【解析】句意:午夜时分,父亲叫醒我,告诉我看足球比赛。when“当……时候”,并且从句谓语动词wake是短暂性动词，所以填when。

【答案】when

典例分析4

The young couple who returned my lost wallet, left I could ask for their names.

【解析】句意:将钱包归还给我的那对年轻夫妇,在我问他们的姓名之前就已经离开了。结合句意可知,此处填before引导时间状语从句,表示“在……之前”。

【答案】before

典例分析5

状元提醒

时间状语从句注意事项

1. 需注意各种从属连词，尤其是比较容易引起错误的搭配和不常使用的词。如：hardly…when…，no sooner…than…，the moment，every time，once，each time等。

2. 注意时态的呼应。

时间状语从句中用一般现在时态代替将来时态。此外，since引导的从句和主句

时态不一致，hardly…when…，no sooner…than…时态的搭配都是需要引起注意的。

3.主句后跟until/till引导的句子时，要注意主句动词的延续性和终止性的区别，还

要注意对until引导的内容进行强调的用法。

核心考点03考查地点状语从句

地点状语从句通常由where，wherever和everywhere引导。作答时一定要根据下文的逻辑关系来判断所填的从属连词，并注意where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句的区别。

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.

她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。

典例分析

(2017江苏卷) Located _________ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.

【解析】句意:位于“一带”与“一路”的交汇处,江苏将为“一带一路”建设作出更大贡献。根据句意可知，所填的词引导地点状语从句，所以填where。

【答案】where

状元提醒

where既可以引导定语从句，也可以引导地点状语从句。引导定语从句时，从

句前应该有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，where可以变为“介词+关系代词”形

式；而状语从句前则没有先行词。

Put the book at the place where you took it.(定语从句)

Put the book where you took it.(状语从句)

把书放回原来的地方。

核心考点04考查原因状语从句

原因状语从句由because，since，as，now that等连词引导。作答时可根据上下文的因果关系来判断。

典例分析

Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply ________ we were so tired after the long journey.

【解析】句意：夜晚的空气很热，我们睡得很深，因为长途旅行后我们太累了。根据句意可知，前面是结果，后面是原因，所以填because。

【答案】because

状元提醒

1. because，since，as，now that的区别

连词区别位置内涵能否回答

why问句

能否被强调

because(因为)主句前或

后

直接原因能能

as(由于)主句前或

后双方都知道

的原因

否否

since/now that(既

然)

主句前

Now that you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

既然你有了机会，你要充分利用它。

We had better hurry as it's getting dark.因为天快要黑了，我们最好快点。

2. 另外，seeing (that)…(由于；鉴于)；considering (that)…(考虑到；鉴于)也可引导原因状语从句。

Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we’ll stay at home.

因为天气不好, 我们要呆在家里了。

Considering (that) it is handmade, the price seems reasonable.

考虑到它是手工制成的，价格还算合理。

核心考点05考查目的状语从句

常用引导词: so that, in order that。

特殊引导词: lest, in case, for fear that。如:

In order that every student might understand it, the teacher explained that passage again and again.

为了使每个学生都明白,老师反复讲解那一段。

We spoke in whispers for fear that we might wake the baby.

我们轻声说话,以免吵醒婴儿。

语法——并列句和状语从句

第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 作并列连词的用法

when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017 北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you.? 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or

高中英语语法——并列句和状语从句

第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or,either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法

when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb.was doing sth.when... ②sb.was about to/going to do sth.when... ③sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... ④sb.had just done sth.when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you. 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or

高考必考语法：并列句与状语从句

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(二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式 ①Work hard and you will succeed.＝If you work hard, you will succeed. ②Hurry up or we will be late.＝ If you don't hurry up, we will be late. ③A few more efforts and you will succeed.＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed. 规律总结： 1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。 2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋ 主句。 二、状语从句 英语中状语从句总共有九类，分别用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是较复杂的语法项目，但是理解起来并不难。从本质上讲，状语从句就是利用不同的关联词语将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的特定逻辑关系。例如： ①I have brought an umbrella because it is raining.(原因) ②I have brought an umbrella in case it rains.(目的)

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第12讲并列句和状语从句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01 考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词

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2018高考英语—并列句与状语从句 (Word版,题目含解析)

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并列句和状语从句 1. I don’t believe we ‘ve met before, ____ I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 2. You have to move out of the way____ the truck cannot get past you. A. so B. or C. and D. but 3. I had hardly got to the office ____ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. A. when B. than C. until D. after 4. Everything was placed exactly ___ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A. while B. when C. where D. though 5. He smiled politely ____ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 6. A number of high buildings have arisen____ there was nothing a years ago but ruins. 7. Hot ____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however 8. All the photographs in this book , ____ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if 9. You can borrow my car ____ you promise not to drive too fast. A. unless B. even if C. in case D. as long as 10. ----Look at those clouds! ----Don’t worry.____ it rains, we’ll still have a great time. A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only 11. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ____ it gets more financial support from the European Union.. A. if B. unless C. because D. since 12.____ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D. Until 13.____ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount

(新)高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第六讲并列句与状语从句

第 六讲并列句与状语从句 并列句 考点1 并列连词 1．—Peter，please send us postcards ________ we’ll know where you have visited.—No problem.(2017·北京，22) A．but B．or C．for D．so 答案 D 解析句意为：——彼得，请寄给我们明信片，这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。——没问题。后面表示结果，故用so。but表转折；or表选择；for是表因果关系的连词，后接原因。2．He is a shy man，________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015·北京，25) A．so B．but C．or D．as 答案 B 解析句意为：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。由空格前后两个分句的句意可知，前后为转折关系，所以应用but。 考点归纳 1．表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，nevertheless。 He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. 他尽了力，但是没有成功。 The car was old，yet/nevertheless it was in excellent condition. 车子虽然旧了但车况很好。

2．表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有for，so，therefore。 It must be snowing，for it’s so bright outside. 肯定下雪了。外面这么亮。 It was already rather late，so we decided to go home. 天已经很晚了，所以我们决定回家。 You are in the right，therefore we should support you. 你是对的，所以我们应当支持你。 3．表递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，not only...but also。 This article is well-written and you’d better read it. 这篇文章写得很好，你最好看看。 Not only is he himself interested in the computer but also his son is beginning to show an interest in it. 不仅他对电脑感兴趣，而且他的儿子也开始对电脑感兴趣。 4．表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or。 Either you must improve your work or we shall dismiss you. 要么你好好干，要么我们就辞退你。 5．有时并列句中的分句通过破折号、分号等来表示并列关系。 Stand up；it is your turn to speak now. 站起来，该轮到你了。 I don’t go—you must go. 我不去，你必须去。 状语从句 考点2 时间状语从句 1．If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people ________ you figure it out.(2017·北京，28) A．because B．though C．until D．since 答案 C 解析句意为：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until直到……为止，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。because因为，引导原因状语从句；though 尽管，引导让步状语从句；since自……以来，由于，可引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。2．_____ the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. (2016·天津，7)