新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题(word版)

模拟试题五

I. Vocabulary Section A

Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this pari. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.

1.He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his _____ .

A. word

B. words

C. permission

D. saying

2.After second thought, she ____ a better solution.

A. came up with

B. added up to

C. put up with

D. made up for

3.The club has ______ a new rule allowing women to join.

A. brought forth

B. associated with

C. turned over

D. laid down

4.The performance will begin ____ at eight thirty.

A. precisely

B. consequently

C. accordingly

D. exceedingly

5.His joke went too far. It was more than I could ________ .

A. get rid of

B. put up with

C. keep up with

D. do away with

6.At the gathering, he talked_____ about the matter, dampening everyones spirits.

A. in detail

B. with ease

C. on end

D. in a confusing way

wish my son would stop _________ a nd do something realistic.

A. hanging about

B. hanging on

C. hanging up

D. hanging off

8.We all can’t ____ why she married a man like this.

A. reason out

B. figure out

C. make believe

D. take in

9.John wants to dispose ____ his old car and buy a new one.

A. on

B. in

C. of

D. to

10.Ted agreed to ____ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.

A. call out

B. call to

C. call off

D. call on

Section B

Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.

11.Most high school students look up to the star player on the football team.

A. envy

B. respect

C. trust

D. pursue

12.Mr. Jackson is considered a man of moderate view.

A. modem

B. stem

C. reasonable

D. predictable

13.What guarantee do we have of this product's quality?

A. possibility

B. knowledge

C. indication

D. assurance

14.We thought Jane’s performance was particularly good.

A. especially

B. unbelievable

C. necessarily

D. unexpectedly

15.Everyone knows that the couple were reluctant to have their daughter marry Mr. Townsend.

A. eager

B. pleased

C. unwilling

D. disappointed

16.Any theories must be modified to suit the facts, and not vice-versa.

A. validated

B. bettered

C. altered

D. fortified

17.A red ruby laser will discharge a beam of coherent red light.

A. contain

B. reflect

C. change into

D. emit

18.The 1906, San Francisco Earthquake, proved to be very fatal.

A. shabby

B. messy

C. disastrous

D. constructive

19.Few boxers have been as outstanding as the present heavyweight champion.

A. powerful

B. handsome

C. excellent

D. talkative

20.The men are negotiating over the sale of the diamonds.

A. arguing

B. fighting

C. thinking

D. bargaining

II. Grammatical Structure

Section A

Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,

C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.

21.___ nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left the

room.

A. There was

B. Being

C. There being

D. As there being

22. ___ the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit.

A. Whatever

B. Whichever

C. Whereas

D. Because

23.What’s the matter? I smell something _____ .

A.bum

B. bums

C. being burned

D. burning

24.The car ____ seventy miles per hour until it reaches the riverside at about ten o'clock tonight.

A. goes

B. will go

C. went

D. will be going

25. I would rather ___ out to look for a job instead of moping around here everyday.

A. to go

B. going

C. went

D. go

26.___ is still a controversial issue.

A.If he is the right person for the job

B.That he is the right person for the job

C.Whether he is the right person for the job

D.He is the right person for the job

27.Tom ___ my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now.

A. ought not have received

B. shouldn’t have received

C. has been received

D. couldn't have received

28.You'll soon get used to _____ a large breakfast in England.

A. eat

B. it that you eat

C. eating

D. you eat

29.1left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.

A. didn’t leave

B. hadn’t left

C. haven’t left

D. couldn’t leave

30.“How many from your class went abroad?” “_____ but one”.

A. Any

B. Some

C. All

D. Most

Section B

Directions: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B,

C,and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.

31.Faced with petroleum shortages in the 1970's, scientists and engineers in the United States

A

stepped up its efforts to develop more efficient heating systems and better insulation.

B C D

32.It is a phenomenon known as temperature inversion what causes the worst smog in places

A B C

such as Los Angles.

D

33.Of all the software the consultants have looked at, the more powerful one is also the most

A BCD

accessible.

34.The latest series of articles on trends and innovations have been praised by the readers.

A BCD

35.After the presentation of the developed specially program, the audience reacted positively and

A B C

endorsed it immediately.

D

36.The inspector admitted to offer an estimate for the damage free of charge.

A B C D

37.New shopping mall is being planned for the residential area where new homes are being built

A B C

at a rapid rate.

D

38.The opinion holding by most investors is to buy now.

A B CD

39.Whether we make the trip or not, it will be advisable for us to be renewing our passports

A B C

as soon as possible in order to avoid any complications.

D

40.The only thing what really matters to the children is how soon they can return to their

A B C

aunt and uncle’s farm.

D

III． Cloze Test

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 41 the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent style fits own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 42 , or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early is

Americans contribution to 43 music. In contrast to classical music, which follows formal

European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, 44 the

moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz sounded like America, and

45 it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music 46 .American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers .They were brought to

Southern States 47 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friend and relatives 48 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession .On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 49 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their relations ,but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 50 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to once. It was an early form of jazz.

41. A. By B. At C. In D. On

42. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed

43. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light

44. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating

45. A. as B. so C. either D. neither

46. A. concerned B .itself C. available D. oneself

47. A. for B. as C. with D. by

48. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed

49. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But

50. A. whistled B. sung c. presented D. showed

IV. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:

American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution. To

them, however, the dispute between the' colonists and England was peripheral. For American

Indians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose, they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois. She was a Mohawk, the

leader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of Sir William Johnson,

Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the confederacy than he did. She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English king,

George Ili. When the colonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands and

retreat to Canada. On the other side, Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokee

nation. She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Creeks and as a reward for her heroism was made "Beloved Woman" of the tribe. This office made her chief of the women's council and a member of the council of chiefs. She was friendly with the white settlers and supported the

Patriots during the Revolution. Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.

51. What is the main point the author makes in the passage?

A. Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.

B. At the time of the Revolution the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.

C. Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.

D. The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women.

52. The word "it" in line 4 refers to ~

A. side

B. revolution

C. dispute

D. independence

53. How did Ward gain her position of authority?

A. By bravery in battle.

B. By marriage to a chief.

C. By joining the confederacy.

D. By being bom into a powerful family.

54. According to the passage, what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward had in common?

A. Each was called "Beloved Woman" by her tribe.

B. Each influenced her tribe's role in the American Revolution.

C. Each lost a brother in the American Revolution.

D. Each went to England after the American Revolution.

Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:

More people than ever are drinking coffee these days--but in smaller quantities than they

used to. Some manufacturers of coffee makers are trying to take advantage of this trend by

developing diminutive machines that brew smaller amounts of coffee. Two US appliance

companies-Black & Decker, based in Towson, Maryland, and Toastmaster Inc. of Columbia,

Missouri-have recently introduced "drip" coffee makers that brew one or two cup servings of coffee.

Both of the products brew the coffee directly into a cup or mug, eliminating the need for a separate carafe. Since many people make a pot of coffee in the morning but drink only a single cup, the new coffee makers should reduce the wasted coffee. Black & Decker's Cup-at-a-Time costs $27, while Toastmaster's Coffee Break Retails for $20. Black & Decker also makes a coffee maker that drips coffee directly into a carry-around thermal carafe. The carafe, a glass vacuum bottle, is supposed to

keep the coffee fresh for hours. The product, called the Thermal Carafe Coffee-maker, comes with a

built-in lid that opens during the brewing process and close when it is completed. There are several models, including one that firs under the counter, ranging from $60 to $110 in price.

55. The main purpose of the text is to

A. introduce a new trend of drinking coffee

B. introduce new coffee makers

C. introduce two . appliance companies

D. introduce the new coffee industry

56. The advantage of "drip" coffee makers shown in the text is that

A. they are much more economic

B. they can produce only one cup

C. they are more convenient and easier to operate

D. they are more economical

57. According to the passage, a thermal carafe is necessary when the coffee is

A. preserved

B. produced

C. manufactured

D. brewed

58. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

A. People used to drink coffee in larger quantities.

B. It is essential to attach a separate carafe, while "drip" coffee makers are applied.

C. People used to make a pot of coffee in the morning and drink it up.

D. The new coffee makers usually cost less than before.

Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:

No one expressed this attitude more strongly than Noah Webster (1758- 1843). Born near Hartford, Connecticut, he received his education at Yale College and later began to practise law. But business in this profession was slow, and he was forced to turn to teaching. As a teacher, he soon discovered that the English school books then in use were unsatisfactory, and the American Revolution reduced the supply of such books as there were. Webster therefore began to work on three simple books on English, a spelling book, a grammar, and a reader, and these were the first books of their kind to be published in this country. The success of the first part was surprisingly great. It was soon issued again under the title THE AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK, and in this form about 80 million copies were sold during the next hundred years. From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. Not only did the little book have great influence on many generations of school children, but it also had the effect or turning its author's attention to questions of language. In 1806 he produced a small dictionary, and this was followed by his greatest work, AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, published in two volumes in1828. In both of these works and in many smaller writings he had one purpose: to show that the English language in his country was a truly American thing, developing in its own special way and deserving to be considered from an independent, American point of view. As he himself wrote," It is not only important, but in a degree necessary, that the people of this 'country should have an AMERICAN DICTIONARY of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England...some differences exist .... No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, assembly, court, and so forth, for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country." By giving American meanings and American pronunciation, by adopting a number of American spellings, and especially by introducing quotations from American authors beside those from English literature, he was able, to a great extent, to justify the title of his work. If, after a hundred years, some people still doubt the existence of a separate American language, his efforts, nevertheless, have left a lasting mark on the language of his country.

59. Webster first tried to earn his living in the field of

A. education

B. journalism

C. law

D. medicine

60. Apparently Webster published his first books while he was a __

A. teacher

B. student

C. lawyer

D. doctor

61. This article could be entitled

A. Noah Webster and American English Spelling

B. Noah Webster, the author of An American Dictionary of the English Language

C. Noah Webster

D. Noah Webster and American English Grammar

62. According to the article, Webster __

A. had created American English and its usages

B. had discovered American English and improved it

C. had tried his best and left a milestone on the language of his country

D. had left a language which was not used in England.

Questions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:

The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 B. C. A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.

The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine (血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bile

was choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates' fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.

Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity (遗传特征), the environment, intelligence, and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.

63. According to Hippocrates' fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be __

A. optimistic

B. easily angered

C. unexcitable

D. pessimistic

64. The main idea of this passage is about __

A. the complicated factors in determining one's personality

B. Hippocrates' fluid theory and its development

C. the past and today of personality classifications and theories

D. different personalities and their details

65. At present, psychologists __

A. have common opinion about personality theories and classifications

B. use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theories

C. have abandoned Hippocrates' fluid theory entirely

D. all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities

66. According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to classify personality are

A. one's born features and needs of love and success

B. one's height and weight

C. one's hobbies and ideals

D. the environment and intelligence

Section B

Directions: You should answer Questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.

Talking Point

Learning a second language fuels children’s intelligence and makes their job prospects brighter. But the fact is, in New Zealand, as in many other English-speaking countries, speakers of two or more languages are in the minority. Eighty-four per cent of New Zealanders are monolingual (speakers of only one language). This leaves a small number who claim to speak two or more languages - a small percentage of whom were born in New Zealand.

No matter how proud people arc of their cultural roots, to speak anything other than English is a marker of difference here. That’s why eight-year-old Tiffany Dvorak no longer wishes to speak her mother-tongue, German, and eight-year-old Ani Powell is embarrassed when people comment on the fact that she is able to speak Maori (新西兰毛利人的毛利语>.A s Joanne Powell, Ani’s mother, points out: “In Europe, it’s not unusual for kids to be bilingual. But, if you speak another language to your children in New Zealand, there are some people who think that you are not helping them to become a member of society.”

But in fact, the general agreement among experts is that learning a second language is good for children. Experts believe that bilinguals - people who speak two languages - have a clear learning advantage over their monolingual schoolmates. This depends on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used, so it doesn’t matter whether they arc learning Maori or German or Chinese or any other language.

Cathie Elder, a professor of Language Teaching and Learning at Auckland University, says: “A lot of studies have shown that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more slowly, but in the end they do as well as their monolingual schoolmates, and often better, in other subjects. The view is that there is an improvement in general intelligence from the effort of learning another language.”

Dr Brigitte Halford, a professor of linguistics at Freiburg University in Germany, agrees. “Bilinguals lend to use language better as a whole,” she says. “They also display greater creativity and problem-solving ability, and they learn further languages more easily.”

So with all of the benefits, why do we not show more enthusiasm for learning other languages? Parents

and teachers involved in bilingual education say pressure from friends at school, general attitudes to other languages in English-speaking countries, and problems in the school system arc to blame.

In New Zealand, immigrants face the possibility of culture being lost along with the language their children no long er wish to speak. Tiffany’s mother, Susanne Dvorak, has experienced this. When she and husband Dieter left Germany six years ago to start up a new life in New Zealand, they thought it would be the perfect opportunity to raise their two-year-old as a bilingual. After all, bilingual Turkish families in Germany were normal and Susanne had read all the books she could find on the subject.

The idea was to have home as a German language environment and for Tiffany to learn English at nursery school. But when Tiffany went to nursery school she stopped talking completely. She was quiet for about two or three months. Then, when she took up talking again, it was only in English. Concerned for her language development, Dieter started speaking English to his daughter while Susanne continued in German.

Today, when Susanne speaks to her daughter in German, she still answers in English. “Or sometimes she speaks half and half. I checked with her teacher and she very seldom mixes up German and English at school. She speaks En glish like a New Zealander. It’s her German that’s behind，” says Susanne.

Professor Halford, also a mother of two bilingual children, says, “It’s normal for kids to refuse to speak their home language at the stage when they start to socialise with other ki ds in kindergarten or school”. But, she says, this depends a lot on the attitudes of the societies in question. In monolingual societies, like New Zealand, “kids want to be like all the others and sometimes use bilingualism as one of the battlefields for f inding their own identity in contrast to that of their parents.”

She supports Susanne’s approach of not pressuring her daughter. “"Never force the child to use a specific language, just keep using it yourself. The child will accept that. There is often a time when children or teenagers will need to establish their own identity as different from their schoolmates and they may use their other language to do so.”

Cathie Elder thinks immigrant parents should only speak English to their children if they are able to use English well themselves. “What parents should do is provide rich language experiences for their children in whatever language they speak well. They may feel like outsiders and want to speak the local language, but it is more important for the child's language development to provide a lot of language experience in any language.”

There can be differences between children in attitudes to learning languages. Susanne Dvorak’s two-year-old son, Danyon， is already showing signs of speaking German and English equally well. While her “ideal” scenario hasn’t happened with Tiffany, she is aware that her daughter has a certain bilingual ability which, although mainly passive at this stage, may develop later on.

Joanne Powell feels the same way about her daughter, Ani. “At the moment she may not want to speak Maori but that’s okay because she’ll pick it up again in her own time. It’s more important that she has the ability to understand who she

is. By learning another language she can open the door to anot her culture.”

Donna Chan, 25，a marketing specialist for IBM, arrived here with her parents from Hong Kong when she was four. She also remembers refusing to speak Chinese when she started primary school. But now she appreciates she had the chance to be bili ngual. “It’s quite beneficial speaking another language in my job. Last year, my company sent me to a trade fair in Hong Kong because I could speak Chinese. Being bilingual definitely opens d o o r s，” she says.

Questions 67-69

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage? For questions 67-69, choose

A.if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)

B.if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)

C.if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this (NOT GIVEN)

67.Most New Zealanders believe it is good to teach children a second language.

68.Chinese is the most common foreign language in New Zealand.

69.Some languages develop your intelligence more than others. .

Questions 70-74

Look at the following statements (Questions 70-74) and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, A-E.

Choose the correct letter, A-E, for questions 70-74 and mark your answer on the answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

70.Children learning two languages may learn one language faster.

71.It has been unexpectedly difficult to raise a bilingual child in New Zealand.

72.Children’s attitudes to language depend on general social attitudes.

73.Learning a second language provides opportunities to learn another culture.

74.Speaking a second language provides work opportunities.

Question 75

Choose TWO letters, A-F.

Choose the correct letters for question 75 and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 75. Which TWO people stopped speaking one language as a child?

A.Donna Chan

B.Susanne Dvorak

C.Tiffany Dvorak

D.Cathie Elder

E.Brigitte Halford

F.Joanne Powell

2015新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题_1(word版)

模拟试題一 I. Vocabulary Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 1.I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ____ what color it was. A. make out B. look to C. look out D. take in 2.He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been____ A. imposed B. exposed C. composed D. opposed 3.You should these tables and buy new ones. A. throw off B. throw down C. throw up D. throw away 4. _ ____ their suggestions， we will discuss them fully at the next meeting. A. In regard for B. In regard to C. With regard of D. Regardless for 5.On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ____ eye. A. naked B. bare C. flesh D. pure 6.Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A. opportunities B. necessities C. probabilities D. realities 7.I found myself completely _ ____ by his vivid performance. A. carried out B. carried off C. carried away D. carried on 8.Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success ____ him in his later study. A. persuaded B. promised C. urged D. encouraged 9.This is the first time you have been late. A. under no circumstances B. on no account C. by no means D. for no reason 10.The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red. A. set up B. catch up C. shut up D. pull up Section B Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.- 11.The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away. A. almost B. essentially C. always D. conveniently

2013中石油职称英语考试课文详解

1.The V alue of Time时间的价值 1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time. 1.employ v. 使用，采用，雇佣，使忙于 employer n. 雇主，老板 employee n. 雇员，从业人员 employment n. 使用，职业，雇佣 Employment rate 就业率，雇用率 2.Either …or… 要么…要么…; 二者择一的 Neither… nor… 两者都不 Both… and… 两者都 3.fetch 取来，接来，到达 4.add to增添，添加，加强 5.so as to 以便，以致 6.enable sb to do sth 使得某人做某事 7.There is no doubt that…毫无疑问 8.think nothing of… 把… 视为平常 think a lot of… 看重；对… 高度评价 9.convertible adj. 可改变的，可交换的 convert v. … into… 使转变，转换，使…改变信仰 10.be equivalent to… 11.be tantamount to…相当于…; 无异于的 If you say one thing is tantamount to another, more serious thing, you are emphasizing how bad, unacceptable, or unfortunate the first thing is by comparing it to the second thing. 例句：What Bracey is saying is tantamount to heresy. 布里斯正在说的无异于异端邪说。 12.Think twice再三考虑，重新考虑 think twice about doing sth. 三思而后再决定做某事 13.Give one’s consent（n.）to sth…同意，赞成 例句：At approximately 11:30 p.m., pollard finally gave his consent to the search. 大约晚上11：30的时候，波拉得终于对搜查予以同意。

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1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Managemen t主持会议六大准则 1.If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management. 1.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。 2.Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow. 2.总要准时开会。如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。准时开始反应了一位善于掌握时间的人的技巧，也给其他人树立了榜样。 3.Assign a note-taker or arrange to have the meeting audiotaped. You may need to refer back to an issue that was discussed during the meeting at a later date. Good record-keeping is a sign of a good meeting manager as well. 3.安排一位会议记录或给会议录音。日后你可能需要参考会议中商讨的某个问题，做好记录也是优秀会议主持人的一个特点。 4.Learn to listen. So many times we think about what we are going to say and, in the process, block out valid points that other group members may be contributing. Additionally, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than really listening to other people. Meeting that are characterized by effective listening are successful meetings. 4.学会倾听。常见的是，我们想的是我们将要说些什么，因此就妨碍了听取别的与会者说出的合理论点。再有，我们经常只听我们想要听的，而不是真正地倾听他人的意见。能有效倾听意见的会议是成功的会议。 5.Keep the discussion on track. Many times important issues can get sidetracked in a meeting, especially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic. If you anticipate a conflict prior to the meeting, discuss the issue with participants in advance. If an unanticipated conflict develops once the meeting is in progress, either appoint a subcommittee to look into the problem, or ask participants involved in the conflict to meet with you after the meeting. Doing so will help keep the discussion on track and minimize the chances of wasting participants’valuable time. 5.让讨论紧扣主题。往往许多重大问题在会议上容易离题，特别是当每位与会者对问题意见不同时。如果会前你已预料到会有冲突发生，那就提前与当事人交换一下意见。如果会议期间有未曾预料到的冲突发生，委派一个小组委员会对出现的问题予以调查，或者请卷入冲突的人员会后与你再谈。这样能够让讨论紧扣主题，并尽可能少浪费与会者的宝贵时间。 6.Give everyone an opportunity to be heard. Some people tend to monopolize meetings, whereas others wait to be asked their opinions. As the leader of the meeting, you need to keep an open mind and make sure everyone feels welcome to contribute and express ideas without criticism. 6.给每位与会者说出自己看法的机会。有些人易于滔滔不绝占据会议的大部分时间，而有些人则等着被别人叫才开口。作为会议主持人，你需要思想开阔，无偏袒之心，确保每位与会者都能感到，表达自己的想法是受欢迎的，不会受到别人非难。 7.End on time. If you said the meeting would last no longer than one hour, make sure the meeting lasts for noly an hour. Meeting participants tend to plan the rest of their day around the time allotted for the meeting. Running late with a meeting makes members tardy for other appointments, increases the chances that members will mentally leave the meeting, and reduces your credibility as an effective meeting manager. 7.准时结束会议。如果你说了会议不会超过1小时，那就要保证会议只持续1小时。与会者的日程安排往往受到会议的左右。会议超时会导致他们迟赴别的约会，增加他们心不在焉的可能性，也会降低你作为一位善于主持会议