非谓语动词与独立主格

非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子(或者句子，短语)

当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。

独立主格的结构1：名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]

现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词，而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。

1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

A followed

B following

C to follow

D being followed

2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

A considered

B be considered

C considering

D having considered

call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。

独立主格的结构2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]

3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education，with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

A to be encouraged

B been encouraged

C being encouraged

D be encouraged

as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。

动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;

been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励

短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)

句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。

1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed

B performing

C to be performed

D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的动词：

第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;

这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;

remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering

B him once offering

C him to offer

D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。

一、only引导的词组或句子放在句首作状语时，通常要用倒装结构。如

Only in this way can you solve the problem.

只有通过这种方式你才能解决问题。

Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.

只有努力学习才能通过考试。

Only then did I realize my mistake.

只有那时我才意识到错了。

二、not only...(but also)出现在句首时，如果架连接的是两个句子，常用倒装。如

Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives.

我们不仅丢了钱，还差点把命丢了。

Not only did he speak correctly,but he also spoke easily.

他不仅说得准确，而且说得很轻松。

三、only放在不定式前面，常表示不愉快或出乎人们的意料的结果。如

I went all the way to his home only to find hime out at a meeting.

我径直到他家里去，不料发现他出去开会了。

I hurried to the post office only to find it closed.

我匆忙赶到邮局，不料已经关门了。

She went home only to find her house burglarized.

她回到家里，发现房子被盗了。

四、“too...to...”结构中，表示否定意思，但在“only too...to...”结构中，only too = very，表示肯定意思。如

The patient is too weak to walk.

那个病人太虚弱了，走不动。

We are only too willing to do it for you.

我们非常愿意为你做那事。

I am only too delighted to accept your king invitation.

我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。

五、在“one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词，谓语要用复数形式。但在“the only one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”的结构中，定语从句却被看作修饰“the only one”，谓语动词要用单数形式。如

This is one of the best novels that have been published in the past two years.

这是近两年出版的最好的小说之一。

He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.

他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。

She is the only one of the girls who has been to the US.

她是那些女孩中唯一去过美国的。

六、If only 为虚拟语气的一种，表示愿望或一个未实现的条件，多用于感叹句，其主句常常省略。如

If only she would marry me!

她要是能和我结婚该多好！

If only he had known about it!

他那时要是知道这件事该多好！

If only you could have been here earlier that day!

要是你那天再早点到这就好了。

If only there were forty-eighty hours in a day.

要是一天有48个小时就好了。

环保

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Water Shortage. Y ou should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 水资源短缺已成为严重问题

2. 造成水资源短缺的原因

3. 提出解决方案

On Water Shortage

No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted. Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.

A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones. First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed. Secondly, the ever-increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage. Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem. What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.

In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources. Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water. With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future

责任编辑：zhouyutao

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚

2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题

3. 我的建议

online shopping

It would be an amazing wonder decades ago to even think about purchasing our favorite gifts by clicking the mouse and just a few days’ waiting. While, today, just a few glances and you will find that your dreams have come true—online shopping has been integrated into our daily lives.

No doubt that unprecedented continence has been brought by online shopping—not to mention the time and labour saved via the Internet. However, more concerns have been given to the inherent shortcomings that born out of online shopping. The images you see on the Internet may seem completely different from the items which have been just delivered to your hands. Besides, the time saved on browsing in a department store may be replaced by the time the goods finally find its way to your house.

Faced with such dilemma, what is our resolutions? First and foremost, relevant laws and regulations must be introduced to supervise the quality and delivery of online commodity. Furthermore, bodies should be established to oversee and eradicate the websites which sell fake goods. Zero-tolerance should become the prevailing discipline to preserve consumers’ rights and benefits.

预测

责任编辑：zhouyutao 环保

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Water Shortage. Y ou should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 水资源短缺已成为严重问题

2. 造成水资源短缺的原因

3. 提出解决方案

On Water Shortage

No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted. Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.

A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones. First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed. Secondly, the

ever-increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage. Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem. What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.

In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources. Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water. With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future.

责任编辑：zhouyutao

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will

No great work can be performed without will. We envy famous men and imagine that fame was due to some trick of luck. But when we know their histories, we find that it is long years of will and constant effort that have brought about their success. Just as we can’t reach the top of a mountain without climbing, we can’t achieve success without will.

The modern society provides people with more opportunities than before, and there are stories which tell us the possibility of becoming successful overnight. Actually that is not the case. Before these people become successful, a lot of hard work has been done, unnoticed mostly. What we usually see is the result, but what we ignore is a long process of struggling forward and wrestling with internal or external obstacles. Take “quitting smoking” for example, which is , to most people , a difficult task, so people always give up the idea for they don’t have the strong will.

In a nutshell, strong will is an important condition or role of the success the individual should desire to maintain forever. There is no instant success in this world. Strong will is the best policy to make your life distinct and your dreams come true.

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

2. 为了让孩子独立,父母应该……

How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?

Nowadays, there’s an increasing number of household in China that has an only one child. Most of parents Love and care for children so much that children has less chances to deal with problems by themselves. Consequently, children get used to depending on their parents in everything and lack of ability to solve problems independently, which is bad for their growing.

There are some effective ways for parents to help their children be independent. To start with, parents should give their children more chances to experience the world and life around them. Thus their children can enhance the capability to overcome the difficulties and handle problems independently. In addition, parents should offer enough assistance when their children

need some instructions and advices. In this way, they depend on their parents in a right way and can solve problems independently when they face the same one next time. Last but not least, parents should allow their children to make decisions independently. Children would improve the ability to deal with the problems they are confronted with in their life.

From the above discussion, I strongly believe that parent should help their children be independent by instructing them in a proper way rather than planning and considering everything for them. It’s children who decide their future and fate, so it would be beneficial for them to live independently with some proper instructions of their parents.

(完整版)非谓语动词和独立主格

非谓语动词 非谓语动词： 1.动词不定式【to+动词原型】 2.动名词【动词+ing】 3.（现在、过去）分词 四个要点： 1.一个句子中有多个动词时，其中一个是谓语，其他全部是非谓语。 2.主动ing，被动ed，要做去做todo 3.如果非谓语是主语做的，前面什么都不用加；如果非谓语不是主语做的，谁做的，加谁。 4.非谓语就是从句的简化。 举例： Jack唱着歌回家。 Singing a song，Jack went home Jack受伤了回家。 Injured，Jack went home Rose受伤了，Jack哭了。 Rose injured，Jack cried Rose笑了，Jack笑了。 Rose smiling，Jack smiled. 独立主格结构 独立主格结构就是给非谓语动词加上逻辑主语 独立主格结构基本构成形式： 名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 这里分形式具体举例，以便熟悉知识点。 1.名词(代词)+现在分词 Time permitting, I will go with you 时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 2.名词(代词)+过去分词 The work done, he went back home. 工作完成后，他回家了。 3.名词(代词)+不定式 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上

非谓语动词独立主格结构

2010届高考二轮复习英语教案 专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构 【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下：1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语；3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。 对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。 【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语； 8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题；10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with 复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】非谓语动词用法 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、

5种基本句型和独立主格结构讲解

英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3）Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋V erb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例： 1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。 四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如： 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为： 1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： 1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词） 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

独立主格用法详解

一、 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点： (1)结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 (2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、 英语中，的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成。 1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。如： A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。 Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。 2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。如： The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。 3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。如： His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。 4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。如： The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。 5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。如： The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。 6. Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。 三、 在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1.作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。 The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后，比赛开始了。 2.作条件状语 It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。

非谓语动词,独立主格练习题

高一英语非谓语，独立主格专练 2018年3月 一，独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是逻辑主谓关系；名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开；修饰整个句子，在句中位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，常用作状语。二，注意事项：（1）独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 下课后，学生很快离开了课室。 （2）不能省略being (having been)的情形： 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。 (2)在There being+名词的结构中。 There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

（3）在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。 Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with 的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand. 1.There's a note （pin）to the door (say)when the shop will open again. 2.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads, two paths (lie)ahead of me. 3..-- Where is Tom I have something important to tell him. ―I last saw him (seat)in the library reading. 4.A terrible air crash accident happened over the Atlantic Ocean (kill)150 passengers. 5.Life is like riding a bicycle. (keep)your balance, you must keep moving. 6.Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they

高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解

独立主格 一、独立主格结构的含义和实质 “独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。 二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能 独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）或无动词分句（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语），表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。 基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引导的复合结构。 1．名词/代词+ 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。 例The man lay there, his hands trembling. So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep. 注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。 2．名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。 例The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。如果加上，这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。 3．名词/代词+不定式 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. These are the first two books，the third one to come out next month. We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp. 4. 名词/代词+名词 名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 例Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon. 5．名词/代词+形容词短语 形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。 例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of sorry. 这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。 6．名词/代词+副词 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。

独立主格结构练习题及解析

独立主格结构练习题及解析 1. I have a lot of books, half of ___ novels. A. which B. that C. whom D. them 2. __ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing thedanger of dying out. A. because B. as C. With D. Since 3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of __ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they hadbought there. A. them B. who C. whom D. which 4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silverpennies, all of ___ over 600 years old. A. which B. that C. them

D. it 5. The cave __ very dark, he lit some candles ___ light. A. was; given B. was; to give C. being; given D. being; to give 6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand __ a gun and his face ____ with sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering 7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair ___ . A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze 8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ___ parents seated together joking.

高中英语复习-非谓语动词与独立主格结构(含答案)

非谓语动词与独立主格结构 非谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。其特点是： 1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。 2．它们具有各种形态：一般式、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。 3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。但不管起什么作用，它们都具有动词的功能，但无语法上的动词性质，这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。 4．分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语，但不能做主语和宾语。它也不受主语人称和数的限制。 一．不定式 1.完成式 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式. I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother). (比较: I am glad to see you.) He is said to have written a new book about workers. He pretended not to have seen me.

2.进行式 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式. You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. He pretended to be listening attentively. 3.完成进行式 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式. The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you. 4.被动式 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. She hated to be flattered. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 【例】Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思：“78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。收藏品是"被留给国家”，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D) is to be left。 （二）句法功能 1.不定式作主语 【例】It is not unusual for workers in that region _________. A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a month C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”，答案是A)。

独立主格结构图表解析

独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点

1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。 三、独立主格结构的用法。 一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常 作原因状语，有时做条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. 由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。 2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就 是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在 动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作 时逻辑主语发出的动作。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，每个人就像在干两个人的活。 The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. 总督思考这个问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。 3.过去分词形式的独立主格 过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主 语与动词之间为动宾关系，它是分词的动作承受者，这一结构在句中作 时间状语，原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 This done, we went home.做完这个，我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄用完后，我们都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. 如果给予更多的时间和金钱，我们能提前完成这个工作。 五、其他形式的独立主格结构

非谓语动词及独立主格结构答案

参考答案 1. to do 2 to be taken 3.. to be thinking deeply 4. to have been sent to 5. to have been writing 6. how to start work. 7. only to be told 8. stay (at) home 9. Taking exercise early 10. Having lived 11. Not having received 12. Living far from my company 13. leaving nothing valuable 14. make yourself respected 15. Lost in thought 16. Determined to change 17. All/With all the tickets（having been）sold out 18. (with)flowers and grass growing on both sides 19. sword in hand / with a sword in my hand 20. to have repaired 21. have you standing all the time 22. to have her go with him 23.leave the water running 24.Having been attacked 25. to have heard of / about the news 26. couldn’t make his point understood 27. being paid / having been paid for this week’s job 28. got separated from my friends 29. Dressed in a white uniform 30. being no tickets for 31. to be doing international trade business 32The general manager’s being taken to 33. the door shut 34. their(the) light burning 35. so much homework to do 36. flowers in their hands. 37. the examinations over 38. so many people present 39. need repairing/ to be repaired 40. his not waiting 41. dealt with well 42. Having suffered from 43. seated at the piano 44. the door locked 45. my mother being ill 46. nothing to do 47. focused on one thing 48. to be worked out 49. being absent 50. taken into consideration 51. the thief being caught 52. not being allowed 53. being opened and shut 54. Given more time/ If we are given more time 55. failed to identify 56. (to) fill out / in these application forms 57. resulted from 58. concerning healthy food 59. being discussed here 60. passing the exam 61. to make it to 62. when to drink a toast and how to behave 63. saving a lot of labor 64. Tasting good 65. only to be told 66. to have discovered a cure 67. to treat you to 68. my watch missing 69. from what it used to be 70.find it inconvenient to buy 71. are made to work 72. trying to make sense of 73. building a tunnel 74. translated into Chinese 75. happened to witness 76. to appeal to 77. interested in medicine 78. to focus on research 79. located in 80. newly-completed

(完整版)独立主格结构完整讲解

一、独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure ）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立 结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。 需特别注意的是，独 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词（代词）+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1. 名词（代词）+现在分词 例句：The storm drawing near ，the navvy decided to call it a day The storm drawi ng n ear 在句中作：原因状语 =Si nee the storm was draw ing n ear , the n avvy decided to call it a day 由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。（call it a day 今天到此为止） 例句：Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder. Win ter comi ng 在句中作：伴随状语 =The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 Time permitti ng, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语 =改写：f time permits, I will go with you. ___________ 造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The girl staring at him, he didn ' t know what to say. 独立主格作：时间状语 =改写：As the girl stared at him, he didn ' t know what to say. 2.名词（代词）+过去分词 例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 例句：The meeti ng gone over, every one tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 造句：工作完成后，他回家了。 The work done, he went back home.

高三英语非谓语动词和独立主格结构

高考二轮复习英语教案 专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构 【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下：1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。 对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。 【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语； 8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题；10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with 复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】非谓语动词用法 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、

非谓语动词的独立主格结构

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非谓语动词和独立主格结构观摩课教案

高三英语复习观摩课教学设计 教学目的：巩固非谓语动词作状语的用法，学会使用独立主格结构。 Step One 值日生报告人数 Step Two One student will give all present a brief introduction of our school. Ladies and gentlemen: Warmly welcome to our school. First of all, please permit me, on behalf of all the teachers and students in our school, to give you a warm welcome. Now let me give you a very brief introduction to our school. There are 70 classes in three grades with more than 6000 students in our school. We have Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry, biology, politics, history, geography, P. E. and music. Besides, a computer course is also provided. There are three labs equipped with modern instruments and we have a computer room with over 50 advanced computers in it. The teachers love us students and we students respect our teachers. We listen attentively in class, learn from each other and help each other. After class we take an active part in sports or listen to music. We enjoy our rich and colorful school life. That’s all. Thank you. Step Three All the students will recite a passage. China is large in area and rich in natural resources. The climate is different depending on the area. The south has cool, wet winters and hot, damp summers. This area is suitable for growing rice. The north has cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers. Wheat is mainly grown in this area. The western part of China is dry with little rain all the year round. It is not good for growing crops, but some places produce a variety of fruit. And the eastern part of China enjoys plenty of rain most time of the year, so the crops grow very well. Step Four通过做单词拼写题来复习非谓语动词的用法 根据各句的句子结构写出空中的单词，并说出该句中非谓语部分地语法功能。 1. __________ (穿着) a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 2. ____________(以……为基础) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. 3. ___________(接近) the city of New York, we saw the Statue of Liberty. 4.__________(意识到) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing computer games. 5. There is nothing more I can try to _____________(说服) you to stay, so I wish you good luck. 6. He was busy writing a story, only ____________(停下来) once in a while to smoke a cigarette. 7. George returned after the war, only to _________(得知) that his wife had left him. 8. (When)______________(比较) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. 9. The research is so designed that once ___________(开始) nothing can be done to change it. 10. Though __________(缺) money, his parents managed to send him to university. Wearing Basing Approaching Realizing persuade stopping learn compared begun lacking Step Five 复习独立主格结构(absolute structure)的用法 导入：作状语的非谓语其逻辑主语不是句中主语时，需要给非谓语加上逻辑主语名词或代词(人称代词时用主格)，这种结构叫独立主格结构。例如： The boy being unhappy, I gave him a candy. = As the boy was unhappy, I gave him a candy. There being no buses, I had to walk home. = As there were no buses, I had to walk home. It raining tomorrow, we’ll have to put off the sports meet. = If it rains tomorrow, we’ll have to put off the sports meet. I waiting for the bus, a stone hit me on the head. = While I was waiting for the bus, a stone hit me on the head. 独立主格构成有两种形式： 一种是在名词或代词(人称代词时用主格形式)后直接加名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等；另一种是用with + 名词或代词(人称代词时用宾格) + 名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。 一般来说表示“具有、携带着”等意思时，with加复合宾语结构较常用。例如： It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。（必修3第五单元） The elderly man was telling a fairy tale(神话故事), with a lot of kids(小娃娃) listening