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基于PLC的污水处理系统外文翻译

基于PLC的污水处理系统外文翻译
基于PLC的污水处理系统外文翻译

昆明理工大学大学毕业设计英文资料与中文翻译

专业班级:自动化112班

学生姓名:何荣法

指导教师:张光辉

学院:信息工程与自动化学院

2015年5月

Application of control system on the base of PLC in

sewage treatment

The paper introduces a distributed control system of sewage treatment, and the core of the system is PLC. The structure of the control system, the assignment and implementation of the tasks, the control scheme and the design concept of program are expounded. The way of central monitoring management and dispersing control is used by the control system; the long一distance control and monitoring of field equipment are uncharged of the upper computer; the software program of designs uses Intouch7. 0. The specific technology, equipment, the controlling of main parameter and several running data are uncharged of the PLC stations, and the software program of designs uses Concept 2. 2XL with online tracking and outline simulating. MB+ net is adopted by the communication between the upper computer and the PLC stations, with its simply building net, quickly running and stable communication. The automatic control of PLC has been successfully completed in sewage treatment, which has improved the operation efficiency and management level of sewage treatment equipment

Introduced to take PLC as the distribute type control system of core in the wastewater treatment system of apply. Concretely described the structure, mission of the control system an allotment and carry out, the way of control and the thought of the program design. The way controlled the concentration monitor of the system adoption a management and scattered a control, the place of honor machine be responsible for the spot the long range of the equipments control and surveillance, software adoption Intouch7. 0 draw up. The PLC native station is responsible for to the concrete craft, equipment and is mainly controlled parameter to carry on control and collect various movement data, the program design adoption have on-line follow with off-line imitate the Concept of true function 2. 2 XL software. Place of honor machine and of the PLC adoption set the net be quickly simple and circulate speed, correspond by letter the stability strong MB net. The whole control system successfully solved the PLC controls a problem in the automation within wastewater treatment and raised a wastewater treatment equipments to circulate an efficiency and manage level.

Recently, for carrying out high quality, low consume, stable dependable movement. Domestic and international many wastewater treatment factories

adopted a modern forerunner to control technique and calculator technique and constitute calculator direct, control thus, manage system. Make system excellent to turn movement. But the programmable logic controller(PLC) then take microprocessor as core. Synthesize the calculator technique automatically controls technique and correspondence technique but develops of a kind of new and in general use automatic control device. Have structure simple, function superior, dependable sex Gao, work properly words in general use, be easy to plait distance, usage convenience etc. advantage etc. The silver City the first wastewater treatment factory adopted a SBR craft and take PLC as the control system of core, day after handling the sewage 10 ×104 t the processing of reach mark sewage can used for an agriculture irrigation.

1 Control system structure

Control the way of "concentration monitor management, scatter a control" of the system adoption. The emulation hold, place of honor machine, gather a line machine, printer to Be located on medium control room, two set PLCs are located on control the spot. Adopt this kind of structure can make the information in the production line can centralized management with carry out whole operation, management with excellent turn. Also make to control dangerous dispersion in the meantime, raise the system credibility.

1.1 The upper computers

Medium control two calculator adoption PII class works of room to control machine, circulate the operate system of Windows NT. The place of honor machine be responsible for on the scene establish each long range control(full-automatic control, automatic control, order to move a control) with surveillance, make use of Intouch7. 0 engineering software packages provide a good person machine dialogue boundary but obtain concerning parameter and equipments appearance information from the PLC by searching a way, keep a view manifestation to come out on the CRT by good sketch type, print a necessary data in the meantime and be provided for lord to control and manager instruction produce. Supervise and control boundary but include the system total diagram, system cent diagram, imitate the quantity general chart, parameter a constitution, report to the police a window, history trend and register a window etc. boundary but. In the system total diagram, circulate the personnel can keep watch on signals, such as all movement appearances, equipments trouble and liquid which control an equipment and discharge etc. Operate a personnel in the

system the cent the diagram can carry on a single machine point to move to circulate an operation to all control equipment, become the set automatically circulate operation or the whole factories full-automatic operation combine surveillance. In the meantime place of honor machine 2 and do a plait distance a machine. Medium control room to establish another an inset type emulation to hold, is been one control by the place of honor machine, in order to keep the craft process of the view manifestation whole factory and main parameter value.

1. 2 The PLC stand

According to wastewater treatment of two part, the spot the long range of the equipments the control output and the spot the signal collect to control a station completion from two PLC wood ground.PLC1 native control station control the space grid, sewage promote a pump house, Pu spirit to sink sand pond's etc. to prepare a processing part. The PLC2 native control station controls dirty mire to dehydrate, press to filter machine etc. department..PLC3 native control station control SBR living creature processing part. Moreover, the on the spot native control station is each to establish an operation terminal to establish each, be responsible for at native to establish each control on the scene.(automatic control, order to move a control) The spot is each the physical parameter that the supervision order and include water level, temperature, discharge and turn soon, electric current's etc. imitate quantity, from to in response to of an appearance spread a feeling machine or change to send to a machine examination to come out and change into the electric current signal of the 4~20 mA, through shield inside the PLC that the electric cable sends to each statures system, from the PLC picks up a people through various mold piece sample telecommunication number. Same, imitate quantity control the signal send to performance organization by the 4~20 mA electric current form after being output by the PLC, control performance organization of action.

The Quantum series PLC of Schneider company is satisfy liberal of, according to standard of network conjunction and the spot total line conjunction etc. application the technique provided various network a choice, support Modbus, Mod-bus Plus(MB+), the long range I/0, TCP/IP etc. network conjunction, have stronger and vivid. Therefore, the wastewater treatment is convenient to arrive of the PLC choose the series of MO of use Schneider.

1. 3 Correspondences

MB agreement is the M company release of an open type of the adoption

IEEE802. 4 correspond by letter 5 agreements the spot total line of card agreement. MB the network together other networks compare to have a set of net simple, the investment be little, network speed quick, correspondence the stability strong etc. characteristics, it make calculator, controller and other data sources through an usage double wring line or fiber optic cable Be a body to together carry on correspondence at the whole network top. But the CPU mold piece of the MQ series PLC imply MB correspondence, therefore correspond by letter a network to choose to use MB network. Medium control two machine, two control stations with native PLC of room to pass MB the network link together. The PLC CPU mold piece passes MB correspondence and two machines carry on data commutation and collect the place of honor supervision various operation instruction of the system and the spot the examination signal and data, through analysis handle, pass exportation mold piece to control object output control signal; In the meantime, the PLC passes MB net upward the machine return to various data, place of honor machine logarithms according to carry on an operation processing, show various signal and print various statement.

2 The design of PLC control program

The system has four kinds of control methods: The native hand moves a control, single set equipments point moves a control, become a set, the equipments automatically controls, the whole factory equipment full-automatic control. Two kinds of ex- with general methods at establish each adjust to try or maintain usage, the system is mainly circulate with full-automatic control. Under this kind of way, all each kind of equipment from PLC according to in advance draw up of procedure auto control, don't need to operate a personnel an intervention. Various spot data spreads a highest machine through a PLC, come out in the place of honor on board description and make the craft, equipments movement of whole factories get an overall control.

The living creature processing part of the PLC3 station control is the whole wastewater treatment of key part, be limited by space, only with the PLC3 stand of program design for example.

2.1 Process of control

The PLC3 stations were used to control to get into Pu spirit from sewage, the pond is everywhere sewage run off Pu after manage spirit the whole process of the pond. Include turn of sequence and time- switch moderate breezes machine of control various valve, pump, breeze machine to soon regulate etc. in this process .The Pu spirit pond is the core of wastewater treatment to construct a thing, sewage is to come

and go through a microbial living creature oxygenation in the pond in addition to organic matter, the processing effect of content to sewage of the oxygen in water is to go to a pass important .Request according to the SBR craft, the deliquescence oxygen in the Pu spirit pond content usually controls within the scope of 1~3 mgs/L and annoy a stage end to fuse an oxygen content in the Pu should be not over the 2 mgs/L. Contain the oxygen once measured low or lead Gao, all will influence a fluid matter quantity. Handle 4 sets of the 10 ×104 t the SBR of 8 pond modes to respond pond to the day, each one responds that the pond go together with a pedestal from change Pin machine control of breeze machine, used for annoying pond Pu spirit to by turn provide oxygen toward two Pus. Establish 4 pieces of deliquescence oxygen test instruments in the different location of each Pu spirit pond, measure contain of sewage amount of oxygen in pond, the PLC separates a 5 mines to examine a deliquescence oxygen in a Pu spirit pond value each time, according to fuse oxygen of average value to control breeze machine to turn soon. If fuse oxygen low limit at the bottom of the enactment, the frequency modulation breeze machine turns to soon increase 5%;If fuse oxygen Gao while set upper limit, the frequency modulation breeze machine turns to soon lower 5%.So, carried out Pu spirit pond to provide automatically regulate of the amount of oxygen, since avoided unnecessary energy loss, again excellent turned movement craft.

2. 2 The design of PLC program

The adoptive plait distance software is a Concept 2. 2 XLs. Concept is according to under the Windows of the PLC plait distance tool, have good customer's interface, and have on-line follow and off-line imitate true function. The control procedure of PLC3 stations is divided into five procedure mold piece.

(1)Public mold pieces of procedure use-include a beginning to start to turn part, hour cent second etc. ask pulse unit, SBR to respond a period enactment, fuse oxygen enactment...etc..

(2)Order control mold pieces of the switch quantity -the coordination control report to the police of circulate and related breakdown of equipment, such as each valve, pump and breeze machine...etc.. The enter of SBR pond spirit valve, enter water valve, reflux pump, surplus dirty mire pump from PLC according to the craft of the wastewater treatment period time segment control, water valve from PLC according to craft time and super voice liquid the measured value of the instrument to control.

(3)Protection mold pieces of the off-power-system power failure after, the PLC saves all appearance locks and make after treating to add an electricity PLC instauration keep of the appearance continue to circulate.

(4)Mold pieces of correspondences -use to complete PLC and various data transmission of place of honor machine.

(5)Fuse an oxygen value to automatically regulate a mold piece-according to fuse an oxygen value to regulate breeze machine to turn soon and report to the police of related breakdown. The target which regulates to turn soon promises the be worth of deliquescence oxygen as 2 mgs/L in the whole Pu spirit period. Adoptive control strategy is as follows: The Pu spirit period beginning, the breeze machine at top speed movement attains a 2 mgs/L in shortly of the hour ask by making deliquescence oxygen and take 5 mines as a period to examine deliquescence oxygen to be worth in the meantime. When fuse an oxygen value big at the 2 mgs/L, the breeze machine turns to soon descend 5%;When fuse an oxygen value small at the 2 mgs/L, the breeze machine turns to soon rise 5%.If the breeze machine turns to soon rise to allow of tallest turn soon, fuse an oxygen value return small then maintain tallest to turn soon at the 2 mgs/L. This kind of circumstance may annoy the last phase of period to appear in the Pu, but also will not clearly influence wastewater treatment quality.

Supervise and control an exportation electric current of change the Pin machine value at any time in the Pu the spirit of the whole period, make it not exceed change the sum of Pin machine settle a value. If meet a surprised circumstance to make to output electric current exceed when the sum settle value, immediately lower breeze machine to turn soon. If the breeze machine turns to soon decline to allow of lowest turn soon, output electric current to return exceed the sum settle a value, then stop breeze machine and send out to report to the police signal in the meantime Along with automatic control technical development, the UNITANK craft more and more gets extensively applied. Regard experience as principle currently, use DO, time, discharge as a craft control parameter, adjust the Pu spirit circulate of machine and line up mire the etc. lack accurate mathematics model to carry out the automatic control of higher layer of SBR method for time. Someone once put forward took the COD or the do as parameter of misty control of thought. The research direction of the automatic control of SBR method mainly is to look for several control parameters from now on, since can reflect into water of fluid matter water quantity variety and reaction process in of decline a solution circumstance, and then can do for the

calculator control parameter.

The PLC gathers in proper order control and process to control at the integral whole and have dependable sex Gao, usage convenience, vivid, set net simple of the characteristics be the emollient tool of the small scale industrial automation in the realization. In the wastewater treatment, according to PLC control system at solid sex, credibility, accurate sex etc. dint a but satisfied a design a request, promised wastewater treatment of smoothly progress.

Because of Internet fast development, hope can come to visit to ask wastewater treatment factory through an Internet of from control system, the Internet which needed to input user's name and password and then can carry out long range came to carried on a control to the equipment of whole factories. Transport the sewage data of wastewater treatment factory to the national environmental protection bureau through an Internet in the meantime city environmental protection bureau perhaps, for the purpose of the Bu class management of section to wastewater treatment factory.

基于PLC的控制系统在污水处理中的应用

介绍了以PLC为核心的分布式控制系统在污水处理系统中的应用。具体叙述了控制系统的结构、任务分配及实现、控制方式和程序设计思想.控制系统采用集中监测管理、分散控制的方式,上位机负责现场设备的远程控制和监视,软件采用Intouch7. 0编制。PLC本地站负责对具体的工艺、设备、主要被控参数进行控制及采集各种运行数据,程序设计采用具有在线跟踪和离线仿真功能的Concept 2. 2XL软件。上位机与PLC之间采用组网简单、运行速度快、通信稳定性强的MB+网。整个控制系统成功地解决了PLC在污水处理中的自动化控制问题,提高了污水处理设备运行效率和管理水平。

近年来,为了实现高质量、低消耗、稳定可靠的运行。国内外许多污水处理厂采用了现代先进控制技术和计算机技术,从而构成计算机监督、控制、管理系统.使系统优化运行。而可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)则是以微处理器为核心。综合了计算机技术自动控制技术和通信技术而发展起来的一种新型、通用的自动控制装置。具有结构简单、性能优越、可靠性高、灵话通用、易于编程、使用方便等优点等。银川市第一污水处理厂采用了SBR工艺及以PLC为核心的控制系统,日处理污水10 x 104 t处理后的达标污水可用于农业灌溉。

1 控制系统结构

控制系统采用“集中监测管理,分散控制”的方式。模拟屏、上位机、集线器、打印机位于中控室,二台PLC位于控制现场。采用这种结构可使生产过程中的信息能够集中管理,以实现整体操作、管理和优化。同时,也使得控制危险分散,提高系统可靠性。

1.1上位机

中控室的两台上位计算机采用PII级工控机,运行Windows NT操作系统。上位机负责现场设各的远程控制(全自动控制、自动控制、点动控制)和监视,利用Intouch7. 0工程软件包提供良好的人机对话界而,以查询方式从PLC获取有关参数和设备状态信息,以棒图形式在CRT上直观显示出来,同时打印必要的数据,供主控及管理人员指导生产。监控界而包括系统总图、系统分图、模拟量一览表、参数设置、报警窗、历史趋势、登录窗等界而.在系统总图里,运行人员能够监视所有控制设备的运行状态、设备事故及液位、流量等信号.在系统分图里,操作人员能够对所有控制设备进行单机点动运行操作、成组自动运行操作或全厂全自动操作并监视。同时上位机2兼做编程器.中控室另设置一个镶嵌式模

拟屏,由上位机1控制,用以直观显示全厂工艺流程及主要参数值。

1.2 PLC站

根据污水处理的二部分,现场设备的远程控制输出和现场信号采集由二个PLC木地控制站完成。PLC1本地控制站控制格栅、污水提升泵房、曝气沉砂池等预处理部分。PLC2本地控制站控制污泥脱水、压滤机等部。PLC3本地控制站控制SBR生物处理部分.另外,在现场本地控制站各设1台操作终端设各,负责在本地对现场设各的控制(自动控制、点动控制)。

现场各个监控点的物理参数,包括水位、温度、流量、转速、电流等模拟量,由对应的一次仪表传感器或变送器检测出来并转变为4~20 mA电流信号,经屏蔽电缆送到各个子系统的PLC内,由PLC通过各种模块接口采样电信号。同样,模拟量控制信号由PLC输出后以4~20mA电流形式送到执行机构,控制执行机构的动作。

施耐德公司的MQ系列PLC为满足开放的、基于标准的网络连接和现场总线连接等应用技术提供了多种网络选择,支持Modbus, Mod-bus Plus(MB+),远程I/0, TCP/IP等网络连接,具有较强的灵活性。因此,污水处理中用到的PLC 选用施耐德的MQ系列。

1.3通信

MB+协议是一个开放式的采用IEEE802. 4令牌协议的现场总线通信5协议。MB+网络同其他网络相比具有组网简单、投资少、网络速度快、通信稳定性强等特点,它使计算机、控制器和其他数据源通过使用双绞线或光缆在整个网络上作为同位体进行通信。而MQ系列PLC的CPU模块含有MB+通信口,因此,通信网络选用MB+网络.中控室的两台上位机、二个PLC本地控制站通过MB+网络连接在一起。PLC的CPU模块通过MB+通信口与两台上位机进行数据交换,采集上位监控系统的各种操作指令及现场检测信号和数据,经过分析处理,通过输出模块向控制对象输出控制信号;同时,PLC通过MB+网向上位机返回各种数据,上位机对数据进行运算处理,显示各种信号和打印各种报表。

2 PLC控制程序设计

系统有四种控制方式:本地手动控制,单一台设备点动控制,成组设备自动控制,全厂设备全自动控制。前二种方式一般只在设各调试或维修时使用,系统主要以全自动控制方式运行。在这种方式下,所有各类设备都由PLC按照预先编制的程序自动控制,不需要操作人员干预.各种现场数据通过PLC传至上位机,在上位机上描绘出来,使全厂的工艺、设备运行得到全面的控制。

PLC3站控制的生物处理部分是整个污水处理的关键部分,限于篇幅,仅以PLC3站的程序设计为例。

2.1控制过程

PLC3站用来控制从污水进入曝气池到处理后的污水流出曝气池的整个过程。在这个过程中,包括控制各种阀、泵、风机的顺序及定时开关和风机的转速调节等。曝气池是污水处理的核心构筑物,污水在池中是通过微生物的生物氧化作用来去除有机物的,水中氧的含量对污水的处理效果是至关重要的。根据SBR 工艺要求,曝气池内的溶解氧含量通常控制在1~3 mg/L范围内,在曝气阶段末溶解氧含量应不超过2 mg/L.含氧量过低或过高,均会影响出水质量。对日处理10 x 104 t的4组8池模式的SBR反应池,每组反应池配一台由变频器控制的风机,用于向两个曝气池轮流曝气供氧。在每个曝气池的不同地点设4块溶解氧测试仪,测量池中污水的含氧量,PLC每隔5 min检测一次曝气池内的溶解氧值,根据溶解氧的平均值来控制风机转速。若溶解氧低于设定下限时,调频风机转速增加5 % ;若溶解氧高于设定上限时,调频风机转速降低5 %.这样,就实现了曝气池供氧量的自动调节,既避免了不必要的能源损失,又优化了运行工艺。2.2 PLC程序设计

采用的编程软件是Concept 2. 2XL。Concept是基于Windows下的PLC编程工具,具有良好的用户界面,并具有在线跟踪及离线仿真功能。PLC3站的控制程序分为五个程序模块。

(1)公用程序模块——包括初始化部分、时分秒等时问脉冲单元、SBR反应周期设定、溶解氧设定等。

(2)开关量顺序控制模块——协调控制各个阀、泵、风机等设备的运行及相关故障的报警。SBR池的进气阀、进水阀、回流泵、剩余污泥泵由PLC根据污水处理周期的工艺时间段控制,出水阀由PLC根据工艺时间和超声液位仪的测量值来控制。

(3)断电保护模块——系统断电后,PLC将所有状态锁存,待加电后使PLC 恢复所保持的状态继续运行。

(4)通信模块——用来完成PLC与上位机的各种数据传送。

(5)溶解氧值自动调节模块——根据溶解氧值调节风机转速以及相关故障的报警。调节转速的目标是在整个曝气周期中,保证溶解氧的值为2 mg/L.采用的控制策略如下:曝气周期开始,风机以全速运行,以使溶解氧在较短的时问内达到2 mg/L,同时以5 min为周期检测溶解氧值。当溶解氧值大于2mg/L时,风机转速下降5 %;当溶解氧值小于2 mg/L时,风机转速上升5%.如果风机转速升到允许的最高转速时,溶解氧值还小于2mg/L,则维持最高转速。这种情况有可能在曝气周期的末期出现,但并不会明显地影响污水处理质量。

在曝气的整个周期内,随时监控变频器的输出电流值,使其不超过变频器

的额定值。如遇到意外情况使输出电流超过额定值时,立即降低风机转速。如果风机转速降到允许的最低转速时,输出电流还超过额定值,则停风机,同时发出报警信号。

随着自动控制技术的发展,UNITANK工艺越来越得到广泛应用。目前以经验为主,以DO、时间、流量作为工艺控制参数,来调整曝气机的运行及排泥时间等,缺乏准确的数学模型来实现SBR法的更高层次的自动控制。有人曾提出以COD或DO为参数的模糊控制的思想。今后SBR法的自动控制的研究方向主要是寻找多个控制参数,既能反映进水的水质水量变化及反应过程中的降解情况,又能作为计算机控制参数。

PLC集顺序控制和过程控制于一体,具有可靠性高,使用方便、灵活,组网简单的特点,是实现中小规模工业自动化的有力工具。在污水处理中,基于PLC 的控制系统在实时性、可靠性、精确性等力一而满足了设计要求,保证了污水处理的顺利进行。

由于Internet的快速发展,希望能够通过Internet来访问污水处理厂的自控系统,只需要输入用户名和密码便可实现远程的Internet来对全厂的设备进行控制。同时通过Internet将污水处理厂的污水数据输送到国家环保总局或者市环保局,以便卜级部门对污水处理厂的管理。

污水处理的英文文献翻译

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附录Ⅰ: Wastewater Biological Treatment Processes The objective of wastewater treatment is to reduce the concentration of specific pollutants to the level at which the discharge of the effluent will not adversely affect the environment or pose a health threat. Moreover , reduction of these constituents need only be to some required level. For any given wastewater in a specific location , the degree and type of treatment are variables that require engineering decisions . often the degree of treatment depends on the assimilative capacity of the receiving water . DO sag curves can indicate how much BOD must be removed from wastewater so that the DO of receiving water is not depressed too far . The amount of BOD that must be removed is an effluent standard and dictates in large part the type of wastewater treatment required . To facilitate the discussion of wastewater , assume a “ typical wastewater ”and assume further that the effluent from this wastewater treatment must meet the following effluent standards : BOD≤15mg/L SS≤15mg/L P≤1mg/L Additional effluent standard could have been established , but for illustrative purposes we consider only these three . The treatment system selected to achieve these effluent standards includes 1. Primary treatment : physical processes that nonhomogenizable solids and homogenize the remaining effluent . 2. Secondary treatment : biological process that remove most of the biochemical demand for oxyen . 3. Tertiary treatment : physical , biological , and chemical processes to remove nutrients like phosphorus and inorganic pollutants , to deodorize and decolorize effluent water , and to carry out further oxidation .

污水处理工业废水回用中英文对照外文翻译文献

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文资料对照外文翻译 Catalytic strategies for industrial water re-use Abstract The use of catalytic processes in pollution abatement and resource recovery is widespread and of significant economic importance [R.J. Farrauto, C.H. Bartholomew, Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes, Blackie Academic and Professional,1997.]. For water recovery and re-use chemo-catalysis is only just starting to make an impact although bio-catalysis is well established [J.N. Horan, BiologicalWastewater Treatment Systems; Theory and Operation, Chichester, Wiley,

1990.]. This paper will discuss some of the principles behind developing chemo-catalytic processes for water re-use. Within this context oxidative catalytic chemistry has many opportunities to underpin the development of successful processes and many emerging technologies based on this chemistry can be considered . Keywords: COD removal; Catalytic oxidation; Industrial water treatment 1.Introduction Industrial water re-use in Europe has not yet started on the large scale. However, with potential long term changes in European weather and the need for more water abstraction from boreholes and rivers, the availability of water at low prices will become increasingly rare. As water prices rise there will come a point when technologies that exist now (or are being developed) will make water recycle and re-use a viable commercial operation. As that future approaches, it is worth stating the most important fact about wastewater improvement–avoid it completely if at all possible! It is best to consider water not as a naturally available cheap solvent but rather, difficult to purify, easily contaminated material that if allowed into the environment will permeate all parts of the biosphere. A pollutant is just a material in the wrong place and therefore design your process to keep the material where it should be –contained and safe. Avoidance and then minimisation are the two first steps in looking at any pollutant removal problem. Of course avoidance may not be an option on an existing plant where any changes may have large consequences for plant items if major flowsheet revision were required. Also avoidance may mean simply transferring the issue from the aqueous phase to the gas phase. There are advantages and disadvantages to both water and gas pollutant abatement. However, it must be remembered that gas phase organic pollutant removal (VOC combustion etc.,) is much more advanced than the equivalent water COD removal and therefore worth consideration [1]. Because these aspects cannot be over-emphasised,a third step would be to visit the first two steps again. Clean-up is expensive, recycle and re-use even if you have a cost effective process is still more capital equipment that will lower your return on assets and make the process less financially attractive. At present the best technology for water recycle is membrane based. This is the only technology that will produce a sufficiently clean permeate for chemical process use. However, the technology cannot be used in isolation and in many (all) cases will require filtration upstream and a technique for handling the downstream retentate containing the pollutants. Thus, hybrid technologies are required that together can handle the all aspects of the water improvement process[6,7,8]. Hence the general rules for wastewater improvement are: 1. Avoid if possible, consider all possible ways to minimise.

污水处理英文翻译

河流污水处理的相关论述 1 前言 随着工业化和城市化的发展,水环境污染、水资源紧缺日益严重,水污染控制、水环境保护已刻不容缓。我国现在新建城市或城区采用雨污分流制,但老城市或老城区大多仍然是雨污合流的排水体制。许多合流污水是直接排放到水体。而将旧合流制改为分流制,受现状条件限制大许多。老城区建成年代较长,地下管线基本成型,地面建筑拥挤,路面狭窄,旧合流制改分流制难度较大。合流污水的一大特点是旱季和雨季的水质、水量变化大,雨季污水BOD浓度低,不利于生化处理。国家提出2010 的我国城市污水处理率要求达到40%,因此研究有效的合流污水处理方法对加快城市污水处理步伐具有重要的意义。本文针对合流污水处理的有关情况,谈一些个人看法。 2污水处理工艺要求 我国目前不少城市,新城区与老城区并存, 合流制与分流制并存。因此,新建或扩建的污水处理厂,在满足城市总体规划和排水规划需要的同时, 还应能达到如下要求: 1. 具备接纳旧城区合流污水的能力,具有较强的适应冲击负荷的能力。污水处理厂污水来源包括两部分,一是新城区分流污水,二是老城区合流污水。与合流污水相比,分流污水水质、水量变化幅度小得多,对污水处理厂调节缓冲的要求小得多。对于合流

污水,降雨前期因雨水冲刷街区,合流污水较脏, 但水量相对较小, 降雨后期水量较大,但污水中有机物浓度相对较小。因此, 降雨前期合流污水,可考虑与分流污水一起经预处理后进入污水处理构筑物。降雨后期合流污水,除一部分与分流污水一起经污水预处理构筑物进入污水处理构筑物外, 另一部分可考虑通过雨污溢流构筑物进入雨污溢流沉定池后排入附近水体。为了对进入污水处理构筑物的合流污水高峰流量、水质波动进行缓冲调节,污水处理构筑物前端可设缓冲调节池以均衡水质、储存水量。 2. 具有可靠的BOD、COD、SS 去除功能及氮磷去除功能, 保证最终出水水质稳定。通常情况下, 城市污水中难降解有机物较少,BOD、COD 去除比较容易实现,而氮磷去除则较复杂。我国现行的污水排放标准对污水处理厂出水氮磷指标有严格的要求,故城市污水处理都必须达到氮磷的有效去除。在现行城市污水脱氮除磷工艺中,A2/0采用较为广泛。针对A2/0工艺存在的问题目前出现了许多改进工艺,每种工艺又都存在各自的特点和局限。由于合流污水引起的水质、水量波动较大,对污水厂各处理单元产生冲击,为了适应受纳水体的要求, 为使BOD、COD 等指标进一步降低,进一步去除污水中的细菌及氮、磷等植物性营养物质,在污水厂与受纳水体之间可设氧化塘。 3.具有灵活多变的运行方式,可根据收集的污水量、进水水质以及季节变化调整运行方式。常规A2/0工艺,很难做到灵活方便地调整运行方式。但A2/0工艺从构成原理上讲, 是在曝

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Abstract The design for the title of the city sewage treatment plant process design, design flow for the 150 ,000 m3 / d, water quality for BOD5 is200mg / L, COD cr is 450mg / L, SS is 370mg / L,Effluent quality for BOD5is less than 14mg / L, COD is less than 63mg / L, SS is less than 30 mg / L, Ammonia is less than 3mg / L. The the two criteria water requirements of GB8978-1996《wastewater discharge standards》. By the oxidation ditch treatment of urban sewage,oxidation ditch technology was applied in our country about 70s, and had good effect in treating waste water. Oxidation ditch is a remodel of active mud method, its plug flow aeration assuming obturate ditch type, the mixed liquid of waste water and active mud flowing in circle. Oxidation ditch usually treats waste water in delay plug flow condition, the waterpower has long settle time (10~40h), low organic loading [0.05~0.15kg BOD5/(kg VSS?d)]. comparing with other biology treat technology, such as: simple process, little building, convenient to administering, its equipment and structure diversification, stabilization effect, and has good water quality, can pull off the nitrogen. Keywords : Urban Sewage,Oxidation ditch,Live and dirty mire method

污水处理外文文献翻译

好氧处理乳品废水的序批式反应器系统 李秀金章瑞红 摘要:单级和双级序批式反应器(SBR)系统的性能进行了追究处理乳品废水。单级SBR 系统进行了测试,10,000 mg / L的化学需氧量(COD)的三个水力停留时间(HRTs)1,2,3天,20000毫克/升化学需氧量四HRTs 1,2进水进水,3,4天。 1天HRT为找到足够的治疗10000毫克/升COD的废水化学需氧量的80.2%,63.4%的总固体,挥发性固体66.2%,75%的总凯氏氮,38.3%的总氮去除率,液体流出。为期两天的停留时间,相信有足够的治疗20000毫克/升,如果乳品废水COD的氨氧化是不完整的需要。然而,4天的停留时间需要为实现全面氨氧化用。一个两阶段的系统和完整的SBR法混合生物膜反应器组成的完整实现碳氨氧化和可比性,固体,脱氮能力,同时利用较单一SBR系统至少有1 / 3少停留时间。关键词:好氧,乳制品,废水,序批式反应器 1引言 目前乳品废水的处理主要是通过土地,很少或没有Califor在美国NIA的预处理中的应用。由于越来越多的普通公众对潜在的阿尼-不善废物对环境质量造成不良影响和最近的发展,在气体排放的控制和营养管理,替代废水处理方法的环境法规ments牛奶生产者成为有吸引力的选择。序批式反应器(SBR)是一种结构BIOLOG - iCal中好氧反应器处理,使用细菌降解有机碳和氮的去除废水中的存在。如果设计和操作得当,它可能成为一种治疗动物气味废水控制和减少固体及养分含量有希望的替代。 SBR工艺处理的废水和小批量适合与大多数动物以及废水收集系统。这是一个时间导向系统及以上五个阶段反复循环运作- 填写,反应,沉淀,调迁,闲置。认为控制性能的主要因素包括SBRs或-有机负荷率,水力停留时间(HRT),固体停留时间(SRT),溶解氧(DO),以及诸如化学需氧量(COD)的进水特性,固体含量和碳对氮比(C / N)的,等等这些参数是如何控制的不同,可设计为SBR法有一个或这些功能系统蒸发散更多:碳氧化,硝化,反硝化[1,2]。碳的氧化和脱硝工作,由异养细菌和硝化通过自动营养菌。的SBR已成功用于市政和工业废水,其中的高处理性能处于良好的外汇基金,流利的质量,导致[3,4]治疗。它被认为是一个小型通信,关系[5]废水处理应用合适的系统。的SBR是一种农业文化应用相对较新的技术。关于动物废弃物SBR法以前的研究主要是集中在猪场废水处理。一些研究人员[6,7,8]重新移植在治疗中的1,614-2,826毫克/升和175-3,824毫克/升,分别范围猪粪尿水的COD和悬浮物(SS)的SBR工艺性能。令人满意工厂的COD和SS去除率达到从废水与每小时22-30 HRTs Fernades等。[9]研究与治疗约4%(TS)的总固体猪粪高度集中的SBR。进水COD,氨氮,总凯氏氮(TKN)分别高达31175毫克/升,1265毫克/升,和2580毫克/升,分别为高。他们的研究结果表明,97%以上的COD,99%的氨氮和93%,TKN去除率分别达到污水中的液体在6至9天,HRTs和超过20天的SRT。谭等人。 [10]研究中心从挤奶污水处理SBR和报道,废水与919-1,330毫克/升的COD和15-37毫克/ L的NH3 - N的成功治疗的水力停留时间为20小时对SBR法治疗奶牛粪便没有得到很好的研究文献中。关于对猪粪便及其他类型的污水处理SBR工艺上的研究结果提供了有价值的参考乳品废水处理。然而,由于昼夜温差在乳制品从其他类型的污水废水的特点ferences,研究需要制定在治疗各种特色乳品废水SBR法的设计和业务准则。本研究的目的是探讨在治疗奶牛和固体碳和氮转化去除废水对SBR系统的性能特点的废水,水力停留时间,污泥龄,有机负荷率的影响,开发设计SBR系统级配置。 2材料与方法 2.1牛粪收集和制备 牛粪上收集奶牛农场在加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校。由于径流的饲养场尿液,粪便的收集,

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