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初中英语语法三大从句总结,全

初中英语语法三大从句总结,全
初中英语语法三大从句总结,全

初中英语语法三大从句总结,全1

宾语从句

一、定义

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词

that: I think that you can pass the exam.

Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.

I don’t know where he found the book.

只用whether的情况:

1. 与or not连用:

I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.

2. 与动词不定式连用:

He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.

3. 连接词前有介词时:

It depends on whether he is coming.

三、时态

1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.

2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。

1)She said that she was a student.

2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

3)She said that she had finished her homework already.

3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

2

定语从句

一、定义

在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

二、先行词

先行词指人who /that

先行词指物which/ that

定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后

三、关系代词

关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

四、翻译方法“…. 的”

Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.

2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.

Whose :指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”

eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

关系代词只能that 的特殊情况:

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:

This is the first gift that my parents bought me.

2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:

This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.

3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.

e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop

4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.

e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用that

e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.

6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.

Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?

当关系代词前使用介词时:

物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom

当关系代词前使用介词时:

e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

状语从句

一、定义

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。

二、状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句地点状语从句

原因状语从句目的状语从句

结果状语从句条件状语从句

方式状语从句让步状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

When ---当……时候,通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.

When --- 正在……的时候,突然…。通常主句是进行时或be about to 时,在翻译的时候,when 可以译成没想到或突然。

I was walking along the street , when I met him.

When 当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满。

Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.

When=after

When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.

While ---在……期间,往往指一段时间。

While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.

While ---表示一种不满情绪,意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。

We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.

As --- 一边……一边, 随着

She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

As --- 当……时,指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。

As I was going out, it began to rain.

The moment --- 一……就……=as soon as , immediately,

---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.

Not…until --- 直到……才

He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.

Before ---在……之前

The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.

After ---在……之后

The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.

Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时

I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.

It is just a week since we arrived here.

As soon as --- 一……就……

Jack went to school as soon as he got well.

No sooner than ---一……就……

no sooner…than…用于句首要求倒装

Hardly …when…

Scarcely …when…

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

Once --- 一但……就……

Once you see him, you will never forget him.

Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当

Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

2. 条件状语从句

引导状语从句的连接词有:

If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知,in case 万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是,以…为条件

If ---如果

If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.

Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not

We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight

As long as --- 只要

We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.

As (so) far as --- 据……所知

As far as I know, he speaks English very well.

In case --- 假使, 如果

The plane cannot take off in case it rains.

Provided that 如果,有时省略that

The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.

On condition that --- 条件是…

He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.

注:主从句的动作发生在将来时,则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。

If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.

3. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, wherever

Where --- 在……地方

Where there is a will, there is a way.

Wherever --- 无论哪里

Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.

4. 原因状语从句

because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.

Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.

Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.

As --- 因为, 通常放在句首

As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.

Since ---既然因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)

Since everybody has come, we can set off.

Now that --- 既然

Now that you are here, you can join us.

considering that --- 顾及到

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

seeing that --- 由于

Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

5. 结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有:that, so that, so…that…

such…that So…that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that

Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.

So that --- 因而,以便,为了有时so 可以省去

Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.

Such …that…---太……以至于用法与so…that相同,但such 后面应用名词。

The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.

6. 目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest

(So) that --- 以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等

Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.

in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等

School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)

He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.

in case --- 万一

You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.

Lest --- 以防万一

The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.

7. 让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.

Although, though ---虽然 although 和though 可以互换,但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。

Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.

Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.

As --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.

Even if /even though ---即使

Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.

However --- 不论, however 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装

He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.

No matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论(什么,何时,何地,怎样)He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.

Whatever --- 不管

Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.

While ---尽管

While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.

Whether ---不管,常与or not 连用

Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.

8. 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由: as, as if, as though

as ---与……一样

Do in Rome as the Romans do.

as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)知识讲解

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示: 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — (一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如: An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如:Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗? This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略) whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。例如:The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗?(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。) (二)关系代词which的用法 which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如: I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。(which可以换成that) Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。(which可以换成that) (三)关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如: Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?(that可以换成who) Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类: 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 (三)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式: 1.单数 英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数

形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange (×)→ a new orange (○) 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk (×)→ an old desk (○) 一张旧课桌 关键字:初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。 注意 有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词。 2.复数

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

高中英语的定语从句归纳与总结

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1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

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