《新概念英语》第三册课文详解及课后答案

《新概念英语》第三册课文详解及课后答案

目录

§ Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮 (1)

§ Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一 (5)

§ Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神 (8)

§ Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs阿尔弗雷德。布洛格斯的双重生活 (12)

§ Lesson 5 The facts 确切数字 (16)

§ Lesson 6 Smash-and grab 砸橱窗抢劫 (19)

§ Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组 (23)

§ Lesson 8 A famous monastery 著名的修道院 (26)

§ Lesson 9 Flying cats 飞猫 (29)

§ Lesson 10 The loss o f the Titanic “泰坦尼克“号的沉没 (32)

§ Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪 (37)

§ Lesson 12 Life on a desert island 荒岛生活 (41)

§ Lesson 13 ‘It’s only me’ “是我，别害怕” (44)

§ Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒 (48)

§ Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻烦 (52)

§ Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb 玛丽有一头小羔羊 (56)

§ Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world世界上最长的吊桥 (59)

§ Lesson 18 Electric currents in modern art 现代艺术中的电流 (63)

§ Lesson 19 A very dear cat 一只贵重的宝贝猫 (67)

§ Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱 (70)

§ Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔.门多萨 (73)

§ Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词 (75)

§ Lesson 23 One man’s meat is another man’s poison 各有所爱 (79)

§ Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard “家丑” (83)

§ Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark“卡蒂萨克”号帆船 (87)

§ Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 征购大饼干筒 (90)

§ Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy 不卖也不买 (94)

§ Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear 五镑太贵 (97)

§ Lesson 29 Funny or not? 是否可笑？ (101)

§ Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死 (104)

§ Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人 (107)

§ Lesson 32 A lost ship 一艘沉船 (111)

§ Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天 (114)

§ Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现 (118)

§ Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义 (123)

§ Lesson 36 A chance in a million 百万分之一的机遇 (126)

§ Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的快车 (129)

§ Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历 (132)

§ Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心 (136)

§ Lesson 40 Who’s who 真假难辨 (140)

§ Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想 (142)

§ Lesson 43 Fully insured 全保险 (149)

§ Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 又快捷又舒适 (152)

§ Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力 (160)

§ Lesson 46 Do it yourself 自己动手 (164)

§ Lesson 47 Too high a price? 代价太高 (169)

§ Lesson 48 The silent village 沉默的村庄 (174)

§ Lesson 49 The ideal servant 理想的仆人 (176)

§ Lesson 50 New Year resolutions 新年的决心 (178)

§ Lesson 52 Mud is mud 实事求是 (183)

§Lesson 53 In the public interest 为了公众的利益 (188)

§ Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness? 是本能还是机智 (192)

§ Lesson 58 A spot of bother 一点儿小麻烦 (197)

§ Lesson 59 Collecting 收藏 (199)

§ Lesson 60 Too early and too late 太早和太晚 (205)

§ Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮

【New words and expressions】生词和短语

◆puma n. 美洲狮

◆spot v. 看出，发现

◆evidence n. 证据

◆accumulate v. 积累，积聚

◆oblige v. 使…感到必须

◆hunt n. 追猎；寻找

◆blackberry n. 黑莓

◆human being 人类

◆corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境

◆trail n. 一串，一系列

◆print n. 印痕

◆cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘

◆convince v.使…信服

◆somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因

◆disturb v. 令人不安

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用；学习关键句型结构时则要把它放在段落结构或文章里

★spot v. 看出，发现

pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of

eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.

He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。

spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。

find 强调发现的结果。

find out 查出事实真相。

discover 做出重大发现

notice 注意到

observe 观察

watch 观察活动中的人或画面

spot n. 斑点

eg: There is a white spot on the shirt.

on the spot

1,立刻，马上（at once, immediately ）

Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.

2,at the place of the action 在现场

Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.

★evidence [u]n. 证据

When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.

evidence=proof

in evidence:显而易见的.

He was in evidence at the party.

evidently adv.

evident adj.

★accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚

accumulate 强调积累的过程

As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.

gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处

collect 收集，采集

assemble 集合，集会，vt. 装配

hoard 大量地贮存

The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.

hoard up= store up

amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）

★oblige v. 使…感到必须

feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事

be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事

★hunt n. 追猎；寻找

run after 强调追赶、追求.

seek 追寻（梦想，理想）= pursue

chase 追赶.

hunt for

search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物

★corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境

corner n. 角落

at the corner of the street

in the corner of the room

on the corner of the desk

be cornered ………被逼得走投无路

常用于被动语态：

The thief was cornered at last.

The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难例了。

★trail n. 一串，一系列

trail==follow vt. 跟踪

eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.

★cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘

eg: She is always clinging to her mother.

He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有)

stick 粘住stick to 坚持sticky adj. 粘的

★convince vt. 使…信服

convince sb. of sth 使sb相信sth

和宾语从句that 搭配使用

没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced

sb be convicned sb相信

★somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因

by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown

somewhat ==a little

★disturb v. 令人不安

disturbing adj.令人不安的disturbed 感到不安的

surprising 令人吃惊的surprised 感到吃惊的

exciting 令人激动的excited 感到激动的

【课文讲解】

at large

1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。

2：详细的(in detail)

3：总体来讲（as a whole）

在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点

eg: Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.

life-like 栩栩如生的

一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前

定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。

同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容

定语从句的引导词：

指人：主语who; 宾语who/whom; 定语whose

表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which

时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语：why

同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which

时间when; 地点where

eg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.

I have no idea what has happened to him.

定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句

(An idea)…come to sb.某人突然想到了……

take sth. seriously==deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事

take sth. lightly: 草率对待某事

as 随着

过去分词做定语

声称曾经作过某事：claim to have done sth

I still remember the school where I studied English.

confirm: be sure, be certain

search=hunt

把某物留在后面：leave behind

Wherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。

英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者

complain of / about :抱怨

on + 名词：强调动作正在进行

on the rise:在上升

on the increase: 在增加

on the watch: 在观看

on the match:在比赛中

on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中

on holiday: 在度假

fully: completely, entirely

in the possession of sb==in sb's possession 归某人所有

in possession of sth. 拥有某物

take possession of 拥有

eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me.

I am in possession of the beautiful car.

The person in possession of the big house is excited.

It is disturbing to think that 一想到………就心里不安

eg: It is disturbing to think that I felt my examination.

熟读并背诵第一自然段

总结：

at large

take sth. seriously

cling to

leave behind

complain of

in the possession of / in possession of

feel obliged to investigate

a woman picking blackberries

a businessman on a fishing trip

go on several weeks

in the quiet countryside

【Exercises】

A. Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:

1 What are you looking ?

2 Where is your mother going ?

3 Whom has the letter been sent ?

4 This is the house I was born ?

5 What does your decision depend ?

key: 1 at / for 2 to 3 to 4 in 5 on

B. Write these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which.

1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much.

2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed.

3 From whom did you receive a letter?

4 This is the road by which we came.

5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing?

key:

1 He is the man we have heard so much.

2 The shelf you put those books has collapsed.

3 whom did you receive a letter from?

4 This is the road we came by.

5 Where is the pencil you were playing?

注意：3 whom不能省略

定语从句中which以及指代人的做宾语的whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词whom,which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。

以look 为例

look at: 注视

look for: 寻找介词不能前置

live in: 居住介词可以前置

eg: This is the old house in which he lived. / This is the old house he lived in

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题P17

1. Experts eventually decided to investigate .

a. because they did not believe that pumas existed in England.

b. because they wanted a puma for the London Zoo.

c. when a woman saw a puma in a small village.

d. because people’s descriptions of the puma had a lot in common.

要求陈述原因：

1．D

in common-similar

2. What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village?

a. The puma had not attacked the woman.

b. The woman had described the animal she had seen as ‘a large cat’.

c. A puma had come very close to a human being.

d. The puma had behaved like a cat.

A 只是一个具体的特定的事例，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意

B large cat 关键性用词

2. B

Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.

3. What was the problem the experts were unable to solve?

a. How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day.

b. How the puma had escaped from a zoo.

c. Whom the puma had belonged to.

d. How the puma had climbed a tre

e.

A 文章中未提到

3．C

做理解题时要紧扣主题，紧扣中心大意

文章最后一句话总结了大意：

It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.

句型结构题和词汇题是关键

4. The accumulating evidence made the experts the animal was a puma. (lines 4-6)

a. to think

b. thinking

c. think

d. thought

make----make sb. do, be made to do

主动语态中不定式to的符号应该省略

被动语态中不定式to的符号必须补充完整

5 People said the puma.(lines 5-6)

a. to have seen

b. to see

c. they saw

d. they had seen

把say改成claim---People claimed to have seen the puma.

5. D---清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系

6 , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)

a. Observing her

b. On being observed

c. Having been observed

d. On her being observed

与原句中的when意思要一致，when引导的时间状语从句表示一

结构形式和as soon as 相一致的

如果用主动：On observing her, it immediately ran away.

On seeing me, he waved to me.

6．B

7 Pumas never attack a human being except cornered.(lines 9)

a. they are

b. being

c. that they are

d. when they are

原句中unles----if…not / except on the condition that

when=if

except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可以是when / if 引导的从句形式。

7．D

8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal a puma. (lines 13-14)

a. must be

b. should have been

c. can only be

d. could only have been

must be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致

8．D

情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用于情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配。

9 The woman saw ‘a large cat’ five yards away from her.(lines 7-8)

a. at least

b. four or

c. no more than

d. within

no more than = only

within = not more than

9. C

10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be .(line 9)

a. in a corner

b. in a trap

c. at an angle

d. under cover

in a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地

in a trap 表示落于陷阱中

at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的

10．B

11 A businessman on a fishing trip is probably someone who .(line 13)

a. sells fish

b. fishes for pleasure

c. nets fish

d. earns his living as a fisherman

fishes for pleasure 钓鱼为了游玩

12 A private collector is a man who collects .(lines 15-16)

a. for his own benefit

b. on his own

c. in private

d. unknown to the public

12．A

on his own = alone

§ Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一

【New words and expressions】生词和短语

◆equal v. 等于

◆raise v. 募集；筹（款）

◆vicar n. 牧师

◆torchlight n.电筒光

★equal v. 等于

A equal B

与… 相匹敌None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.

eg:Mary is quite equal to John in brains.

be equal to + n: 1. 与…相匹敌

2. 有能力做某事to- 介词

eg: I am equal to running the company.

★raise v. 募集；筹（款）

raise money 筹款

raise price 提高

raise a horse饲养

raise a family 供养

raise wheet 种植小麦

raise an army 招募

raise a shout 发出喊声

★vicar n. 牧师

★torchlight n.电筒光

【课文讲解】

现在进行时和always 等频度副词的搭配——表示说话人带有的情感色彩

Tom is always doing homework.

Tom is always does his homework.

He is always making noises.

one or another 表示某种、这样或那样

get enough money 筹集足够的资金来做某事

I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.

have the church clock repaired-----have sth. done 找某人来做某事

have the plane repaired have hair cut

某人所遭受到的意外某种情况-----主语必须是发出动作的人

His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen.

used to:过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了

He used to smoke every day.

however 用于口语，主要用于句首，作文中，最好用在句中、句尾，要用逗号分隔开来

He said that it was so, he was mistake, however.

or: He said that it was so, however, he was mistake.

I know his story, however, I wouldn’t like to tell you.

I know his story, I, however, wouldn’t like to tell you.

however 可用nevertheless nonetheless 替换

start: 惊跳、惊奇

Eg: The voice made him start.

What a start you give me.你真吓了我一跳

He stood up with a start.

before …才

Nearly a week past before he could explain what had happen to him.

Armed with a torch…

现在分词和过去分词的用法looking

分词做状语/定语时，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致

In the torchlight

非正式用语中whom可以省略掉

recognized sb as 认出某人是

regard sb as, think of sb as, treat sb as(把某人对待为), have on sb as（把某人尊敬为）

whatever: ever用来加强语气

night after night 一夜连着一夜

day after day / year after year / week after week / bus after bus

you certainly did give me…

did

肯定句中常用do, did, does 加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前。

Eg: You do like beauty today.

as well用在句尾相当于too, 主要用在肯定句中，但比too所表达的语意更优秀

still用于句首，用逗号分隔开来，表达一个转折的关系。虽然如此，但是

get used to , be used to do, be accustomed to, get accustomed to 都表示习惯于

get强调渐进的过程，be强调习惯了的状态

Eg: We are used to the cold weather here.

You will get used to the cold weather here.你很快会适应这寒冷的天气的。

【Special difficulties】P20

In

1．prep 表达惊奇，恐惧，失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用,在句中起状语的作用

in surprise; in astonishment; in alarm; in embarrassment; in amazement; in despair; in dismay; in anger; in disappointment

2．prep表达以、用: 用于语言，书写材料，色彩或声音等方面

in English; in pencil; in ink; in a few words; in such a high voice; in oil; in red; in code

3,用于状态、情况或处境

in trouble; in difficulty; in bed; in a hurry; in debt; in love with sb; in tears; in good order; in good repair; in good health; in por health; in the bad mood; in the good mood; in haste; in a favor of excitement; in poverty; in luxury 【Exercise】

Use a phrase with in in place of the words in italics

1 I left home very quickly so as not to miss the train.

2 I suppose I shall finish this eventually.

3 In the early morning there was not a person to be seen.

4 Shall I write with a pen or with apencil?

5 They haven’t many interests which they share.

6 Why is that little girl crying?

key: 1 in a hurry 2 in the end 3 in sight 4 in ink / in pencil 5 in common 6 in tears

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

Comprehension 理解

1 The church clock did not work because .

a it was too expensive to repair

b it disturbed the vicar’s sleep

c Bill Wilkins only worke

d at night

d th

e bell had been out o

f order for many years

1. D ∽was damaged

2 The vicar was surprised to see Bill Wilkins in the clock tower because .

a. Bill Wilkins had been hoping to surprise him

b. it was an unusual time and place to find him

c. he had expected to find a figure

d. the clock had struck thirteen times

2. B

3 The vicar offered Bill Wilkins a cup of tea because .

a. he thought that Bill Wilkins was thirsty

b. thanks to him, the clock would now strike once an hour

c. he was grateful for the trouble Bill wilkins had taken

d. he was pleased to have been woken up for nothing

为…表示感谢：be grateful for / be thankful for

不辞辛劳地做某事：take the trouble to do sth.

3. C

Structure

4 In the past the big clock the hours. (ll 3-4)

a. struck always

b. always struck

c. was always striking

d. has always been striking In the past 是过去时态的标志；always 用在实义动词之前

4. B

5 It was not until the thirteenth stroke the bell stopped. (l.7)

a. before

b. when

c. so that

d. that

It was not until…that… 一直到......才......

Eg: It was not until midnight that snow stopped.

5. D

6 The vicar asked Bill doing in the church tower.(l.10)

a. what was he

b. what he was

c. what he is

d. whatever was he

宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序

6．B

7 ‘I it all right, but I’m afraid…’(ll15-16)

a. shall mend

b. am mending

c. have mended

d. mended

突出结果或者对现在的影响，现在完成时

7．C

8 ‘We’ll get used to that, Bill.’(l.17)

a. hearing

b. hear

c. the sound

d. having heard

to 介词，表示习惯于

8．A

Vocabulary

9 Money which is collected for a cause is known as .(ll.1-2)

a. cash

b. a fund

c. a scholarship

d. an investment

fund 基金cash 现金scholarship 奖学金investment 投资

9．B

10 A grocer is a man who .

a. runs a shop

b. eats a lot

c. sells bread

d. surprises people

runs a shop 经营商店

10．A

11 ‘I’ve been coming here for weeks now.’(l.11)

a. every night

b. all night

c. the following night

d. several nights

night after night = every night

11. A

12 ‘ .I’m glad the bell is working again.’ (l.14)

a. Yet

b. Good

c. Just the same

d. Even now

still 尽管如此，依旧，仍然= Just the same

12．C

It’s raining, still I must go out.

still 连接性副词，相当于in spite of that, even though, just the same

yet 但是，然而

I have failed, yet I shall try again.

This picture is not too valuable, still I like it.

§ Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神【New words and expressions】生词和短语

◆goddess n. 女神

◆archaeologist n. 考古学家

◆Aegean adj. 爱琴海的

◆explore v. 考察，勘探

◆promontory n. 海角

◆prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

◆civilization n. 文明

◆storey n. 楼层

◆drainage n. 排水

◆worship n. 崇拜

◆sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的

◆fragment n. 碎片

◆remains n. 遗物，遗迹，废墟

◆classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

◆reconstruct v. 修复

◆rest v. 倚放，放置

◆hip n. 屁股，臀部

◆full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的

◆graceful adj. 优雅的

◆identity n. 身份

★goddess n. 女神

★archaeologist n. 考古学家

★Aegean adj. 爱琴海的

★explore v. 考察，勘探

The archaeologists are exploring the cave.

exploration n.

explorer n.探险家

★promontory n. 海角

★prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

Our finance is prosperous.

thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的

booming 蓬勃的，景气的

flourishing 繁茂的，健康的

★civilization n. 文明

high level of civilization高度文明

civilize v.

★storey n. 楼层

★drainage n. 排水

★worship n. 崇拜

respect; admire

Who do you worship in th world?

warship n. 军舰战船

★sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的

holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的

solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的

sacred music 圣乐

sacred promise 神圣的诺言

★fragment n. 碎片

★remains n. 遗物，遗迹，废墟

★classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

classical music 古典音乐

classical education 人文科学教育

classic adj. 第一流的

This is a classic example of love at the first sight.

classic n. 杰作，经典之作

★reconstruct v. 修复

re-重新，再次

construct 构造，建造，组织

build house 造建筑物

put up a tent

construct a sentence

construct a broken statuary

erect: build high buildings

erect monument 建造纪念碑

erect clock tower 建造钟楼

setup; establish; found 建立

Eg: setup students’ union

establish a school / rule

found a country

construction n.

constructive adj. 有教育意义的

constructor n. 建设者

★rest v. 倚放，放置

★hip n. 屁股，臀部

[口] 在服用兴奋剂，宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj. 通晓的，见闻广的Eg: Hary is a real hip. 玛丽真是赶时髦

The guy isn’t a hip.这家伙什么都不懂

joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的

Eg: These two are joined at the hip.

shoot from the hip 信口开河

Eg: Sorry, I said that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip.

★full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的

a full-length dress

★graceful adj. 优雅的

a graceful lady

elegant (behavier)

★identity n. 身份

【课文讲解】

an interesting discovery：强调discovery，体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出

主动语态难以突出重点archaeologists made an interesting discovery

英文表达：结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述

An American team explored a temple which…

which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple

which stands in an ancient city on…

which = that; stand = lie, situate (vt.) locate (vt.)

An American team explored a temple which is located / situated in…

An American team explored a temple which lie in…

stand表示高高坐落于，矗立于

Eg: She stands 1.75m. / A great tree stands on the mount.

The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it…

for引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明

because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因

Eg: The day broke for the birds were singing.

at one time:表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志，once

must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测

enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明

with…

Eg: a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair

beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语

a beautifully dressed lady衣着漂亮的女士/ a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场

a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的门

现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系

a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room

The city was even equipped with… for… were found…

be equipped with 配备，装备

Eg: the car was equipped with air conditioning.

for 引导原因状语从句

beneath the narrow streets / under the narrow streets

prep. beneath = under 正下方

He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.

under:在进行中，under control 控制之中；under discussion 讨论之中；under repairs 修理之中below:在下方，强调斜下方

Eg: She is sitting below the window.

The temple which…

be used as / be used to be 把…用作为

Eg:The box was used as a desk in the small village school.

The wooden box was used as a bookcase.

The wooden box is used to contain books.

In the most sacred room of…

Each of these represented … been painted.

represent vt. 代表

I represent all the classmates.

The body of one statue was found…

dating 现在分词，修饰remains

the customs dating from 1990

date from 追溯到，从… 开始

The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.

The castle dates from the 14th century.

The castle dates back to the century.

Its missing head happened to be among remains of…

happen to 强调事情的偶然发生

Eg: I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种汽车。

He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。

句式：It happens that……

Eg: It happnes that I met her on my way to work

I happened to meet her on my way to work

happen on 巧遇，偶然发现,偶遇

Eg: I happend on this old picture in the back of the drawer.

Guess, who I happend on while I was in London last month?

reconstruct: put together, piece together, restore

四个形容词: amazed:very much surprised

surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到惊讶的，语气递增

astonished: much surprised

amazed: very much surprised 惊奇

astounded 非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇

to find… / to discover… / to realize…

I’m not surprised to see you here.

turn out 表明结果

turn out ( to be) + n./adj.

Eg: Our party turned out (to be) a success

the concert turned out to be failure.

It turned out that………… 原来是(表示结果)

that 从句，或其他名词从句，it 作形式主语

Eg: It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.

It turned out that his statement was false.

as it turns out 人们后来发现

Eg: As it turns out, there was not need to worry.

As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips.

rest on = depend on, lean on

His hand rested lightly on my shoulder.

which swept the ground进一步说明拖地的，曳地的

despite / in spite of +n. /动名词

It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.

so far,up to now 都是完成时的标志

discover her identity: find out he identity

【Special difficulties】

happen (to) , it happened that…

【Multiple choice questions】

Comprehension

1 The interesting discovery made by the archaeologists was .

a. that the city had once been prosperous

b. that the temple had been used as a place of worship

c. they found the fifteen statues had been painted

d. that they were not the first to have found the head of the goddess

It’s missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.’

1. D

2 The city ‘enjoyed a high level of civilization’ . This is confirmed by the fact that .

a. some of the houses were built only one storey high

b. a great number of fragments were found in the temple

c. the city had been built on clay

d. advanced techniques had been employed in building and decorating

This is confirmed by the fact that引导同位语从句，补充说明fact 的内容。

be employed in:被应用在…方面

‘…The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high-were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system…’

3 In seeking to establish the identity of the reconstructed statue, the archaeologists .

a. tried to determine which goddess it represented

b. pieced together the fragments they found

c. discovered that it was more modern than any of the other statues

d. wondered whether it belonged to the fifth or the fifteenth century

in doing sth: 在…方面

structure

4 The city had once known .(ll.4-5)

a, a prosperity b, the prosperous c. the prosperity d. prosperity

重点词汇know:知道，认识；经历过，曾经有过（= experience）, 这是一个文学用语，比experience更加正式

5 The temple used as a place of worship since Roman times. (ll.9-10)

a. was

b. has not been

c. had been

d. was not

since:自从主句的主干时态为现在完成时

6 They found that the goddess turned out to be …(ll.14-15)

a. surprisingly

b. with surprise

c. to their surprise

d. a surprise

to their surprise:使某人感到惊讶的是（在句中可做独立的状语，句子的主语不必是某个人）

with surprise:惊讶地（首先，必须与行为动词连用，其次，句子的主语必须是某个人）

Eg: To my great disappointment the train had already left.

With satisfaction / delight / dismay

He smoked his cigarette with satisfaction.

He went home with dismay.

To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.

7 being very old, she was very graceful. (ll.16-17)

a. Although

b. In spite of

c. Even

d. Even though

despite = in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)

8 So far, the archaeologists to discover her identity. (l.17)

a. have been impossible

b. have not been able

c. cannot have been

d. could not

so far 现在完成时的标志

如果用posible / imposible, 要采用形式主语it

…it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discov er her identity.

Vocabulary

9 In the most room of the temple…(l.10)

a. holy

b. religious

c. frightening

d. colourful

原文中用到了sacred (宗教的，神圣的)

religious 宗教的

frightening 令人害怕的

colourful 丰富多彩的

10 The head was carefully preserved. It was .(l.13)

a. well done

b. conserved

c. maintained c. in good condition

state

well done 侧重强调做得好

conserve = keep from being wasted ,damaged, lost, destroyed

“不用尽或耗尽某物，保留“

conserve your energy you needed

we nust conserve out forest

maintain: 通过修缮保养，不使…破损（强调动作的过程）“维修，保养”

11 The goddess to be a very modern-looking woman. (l.15)

a. appeared

b. proved

c. resolved

d. changed

turn out = prove

12 But, the archaeologists have been unable…(l.17)

a. beforehand

b. until now

c. for a long time

d. at this distance

so far =>until now, up till now

beforehand: (adv.) 事先= in advance

at this distance (of / in time) 时隔已久

Eg: I can hardly remember him at this distance of time.

§ Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs阿尔弗雷德。布洛格斯的双重生活【New words and expressions】生词和短语

◆manual adj. 体力的

◆collar n. 衣领

◆sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出

◆privilege n. 好处

◆dustman n. 清洁工

◆corporation n. 公司

◆overalls n. 工作服

◆shower n. 淋浴

◆secret n. 秘密

◆status n. 地位

★manual adj. 体力的

= physical

manual work:体力工作

mental work: 脑力工作

★collar n. 衣领

white-collar:白领( do mental work)

blue-collar:蓝领（do manual work）

(get) hot under the collar: 怒气冲天

★sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出

vt. to give up for good purpose

Eg: sacrifice one’s life for the country

sacrifice time

n.

make many sacrifices

★privilege n. 好处

= advantage

特权（=special right）

牺牲掉自己的好处：

sacrifice one’s advantage / rivilege

特许某人做某事：

give sb. the rivilege of doing sth.

privileged adj. 荣幸的

★overalls n. 工作服

男工作服；overall 女工作服

★secret n. 秘密

adj. keep secret:保密

It’s between you and me.

I’ll keep it to myself.

confidential : 机密的

in secret:私下里

= secretly, in private, privately

I was told about it in secret.

in the secret: 知道内情

He was in the secret from the beginning.

★status n. 地位

= social position

s-t-a-t-u-s

s-t-a-t-u-e: 雕像，塑像

★corporation n. 公司

★shower n. 淋浴

★dustman n. 清洁工

【课文讲解】

people who do manual work => blue-collar workers

people who work in offices / do mental work => white-collar workers

far more money

far--副词，用来强调语气==much

refer to … as ==regard … as 把…看作为

I always refer to him as bookworm (书呆子).

for the simple reason => for 引导的原因状语从句

for the reason that 比because正式，因此多用于正式文体

human nature 人性化

such…that…

that 引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明such的基本内涵

His kindness was such that we will never forget him.

=> Such was his kindness…

Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.

Such用在句首，要倒装

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.

介词for表示一种目的

be willing to do sth. == be ready to do sth. 心甘情愿做…

give rise to , lead to, cause:引起，惹起=result in

Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings.

The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes.

in the case of: 至于，就……而言

Eg: Stealing is no shame in the case of him.

in case of: (连) 万一，以防

Eg: You should ensure your house in case of fire.

Who引导定语从句

Too embarrassed to say:太尴尬而没有说明

be ashamed of

get married

marry v. 如果强调动作：He married the girl…

如果表示状态：get married, be married

如果表明和某人已经结婚多长时间了：be married to sb.

The old man has been married to his wife 50 years.

Too…to…, 太…而不能

simply adv. 用来修饰限定动词told

dressed in a smart black suit-----形容词短语表示一种状态

Eg: He got to work dressed in a beautiful coat.

He left home wearing a smart black suit.

Changed into: 换上

Before returning home==Before he returned home

在before 引导的时间状语从句中，return 的逻辑主语和主句的主语he是保持一致的，所以这个时间状语是由介词before和动名词搭配而成，相当于before 引导的时间状语从句。

如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。

After getting home, he had a good rest.

Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.

She never will = she will never discover the secret

在省略句式中，never要放在助动词之前。

‘Will you go to see her?’

‘ I will never go to see her.’ / ‘No, I never will.’

half as much as (he used to): 是… 的一半

half (a quarter, twice, three times ) as …as…表示倍数

I won’t marry a man who is twice as old as me.

We got three times as many people as we exected.

This room is about three times as large as that one.

…as (形容词或副词原形)as… 是…几倍

比…多几倍：…times (形容词或副词比较级)

This road is four times longer than that one. => This road is five times as long as that one.

is well worth the loss of money

What he obtained is well worth the loss of time

Well 副词用来加强语气，修饰形容词worth

【Special difficulties】难点

A．英语中的许多动词不能以人作为宾语，只能代某物或某事。如果需要说明是某人就要用介词to.

Eg: He explained the difficulty to me

He told a story to me.=> He told me a story.

两类词汇：tell可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语）

explain, say只能带一个（直接）宾语，在间接宾语前要介词to

She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.

He admitted his guilt to the police.

Did you suggest this idea to him?

当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时，通常放在间接宾语之后，但say除外

I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.

He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.

B. worth adj. 后面只能跟名词或动名词

His suggestion is worth considering.

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

Comprehension

1 What does the case of Alfred Bloggs illustrate?

a. That people often care more about the status of a job than the salary.

b. That ‘white-collar workers’ usually wear a suit to go to work.

c. That manual workers prefer to keep their job a secret.

d. That office workers usually earn less than manual workers.

illustrate: 阐明，阐述

根据’ … a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar worker’

1. A

2 What did Alfred Bloggs do for over two years?

a. He told his wife he worked for the Corporation, when in fact he did not.

b. He disguised himself as a dustman.

c. He led a double life.

d. He earned twice as much as he used to.

disguise /dis’gaiz/ vt. 假装，扮作；隐瞒；n. 假装；化装服

Double life

2. C

3 Why did Alfred Bloggs consider wearing a suit all day and being called ‘Mr. Bloggs’ so important?

a. His new job is worth more than his previous one in every respect.

b. He will no longer need a shower before returning home from work.

c. He can now tell his wife about his previous job without embarrassment.

d. He feels that other people will respect him mor

e.

3. D

‘…he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.’

Structure

4 They usually wear a collar and tie … (l.4)

a. as they work

b. to work

c. going to work

d. in order to work

to go 可以省略

They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie.

4. B

5 Alf was anything to his wife. (l.9)

a. so embarrassed he said

b. very embarrassed and said

c. very embarrassed, so he said

d. so embarrassed he did not say

‘Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.’

Too…to (不定式to 表示否定)

So…that:“如此…以至于”（在that引导的结果状语从句中，如果采用否定式，可以和too…to互换）Eg: The water is too hot for us to drink. => The water i s so hot that we can’t drink.

6 He told her that he worked for the Corporation …(ll.9-10)

a. simply

b. in a simple way

c. and no more

d. only

‘ He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.’

Simply adv “仅仅是，再没有别的了” = only, just

无论是simply, only 还是just, 往往用在主体之前

I did it simply / only for the money.

I don’t like driving. I do it simply / only because I have to go to work each day.

And no more ---放句尾

in a simple way: 简单的，简朴的

Eg: She was always dressed in a simple way.

7 Before he home at night, he took a shower… (ll.11-12)

a. was returning

b. returned

c. had returned

d. will return

如果主、从的主语一致，可用介词和动名词形式搭配。

Before—连接词，引导时间状语从句（一般使用简单时态，不用将来时）

Before he returned home…

Before引导的从句，常用一般现在时或一般过去时，不用进行时。

8 His earnings were only half the amount …(l.14)

a. as they used to

b. they used to

c. they used to be

d. they were used to

‘ half as much as it used to be’

the amount 要用定语从句进行限定

used to: 当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，之后的动词必须省略掉。

Used to be:当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，之后必须带有系动词be。

Eg: I feel the summers are hotter than they used to be.

I feel you are much fatter than you used to be.

8.C

Vocabulary

9 Manual workers often receive much higher than people who work in offices.(ll.1-2)

a. gains

b. fees

c. payments

d. wages

gain 获利，赢得（表示通过努力）~time, ~reputation, ~speed, ~height

fee (为专业服务支付的)费用doctor’s fees, the lawyer’s fees

pay for my university fees

payment (商业、信贷)支付的款项（正式）

wages （体力劳动者的）工资

salary (白领的)薪水

9．D

10 His kept his secret. (l.12)

a. brothers b workmates c. companions d. comrades

workmate 工友

companion 同伴

10．B

11 His rise in status more than the loss of money. (l.14-15)

a. pays back

b. rewards

c. compensates for

d. values

‘well worth the loss of money’

pay b

ack 偿还，报复

reward 酬劳

value 价值

comensate for = make up for 弥补

11．C

12 he wanted to be ‘Mr. Bloggs’ , not ‘Alf.’ . (ll.15-16)

a. addressed as

b. named

c. cried out

d. shouted

‘call ‘

addressed as 被称作

name 命名

cry out 叫

shout 喊

§ Lesson 5 The facts 确切数字【New words and expressions】生词和短语

◆editor n. 编辑

◆extreme n. 极端

◆statistics n. 统计数字

◆journalist n. 新闻记者

◆president n. 总统

◆palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅

◆publish v. 出版

◆fax n. 传真

◆impatient adj. 不耐烦的

◆fire v. 解雇

◆originally adv. 起初，原先，从前

★editor n. 编辑

edit vt. 编辑

edition n.编辑

editorial adj. 编辑的，主编的；n. 社论，评论

★extreme n. 极端

go to extreme(s) to do 走极端

Eg: He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.

He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world. go from one extreme to the other

★statistics n. 统计数字

★journalist n. 新闻记者

journalist (杂志) 新闻记者

reproter (电视台) 记者

correspondent (电台)记者，通讯员

★president n. 总统

★palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅

★publish v. 出版

Eg: They have already published the magazine.

= print vt.

Eg: the book has already been published.

The book has gone to press.

★fax n. 传真

sent a fax

★impatient adj. 不耐烦的

patient adj. 有耐心的

patiently adv. 有耐心地

impatient adj. 不耐烦的

impatiently adv. 不耐烦地

patience n.

impatience

★fire v. 解雇

He was fired from his job.

dismass (正式)

The manager disissed him from his company.

sack(俚语) vt. 解雇，辞退

Eg: If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.

★originally adv. 起初，原先，从前

original adj.

【课文讲解】

go to extremes 走极端

provide = supply 给…，提供（通常与介词搭配连用）

provede sb. With sth. / provide sth. for sb.

He provided them with a bed for the night.

He provided a bed for them for the night.

instruct sb. to do sth ==tell sb. formally to do sth. 正式告诉某人做某事

‘…a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.’

主动语态：A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.’

The teacher instructed him to take the examination.

on ==about 侧重强调课题专一

A book on radio

When the article arrived = When the editor received the article

refuse to publish it

refuse: vt. 拒绝（态度严厉）

decline: vt. 婉言谢绝

repudiate: vt. 断然拒绝

which 指代the high wall

instructing—现在分词进一步补充说明fax的情况

set out to do sth.==decide and try to do 决定，打算，着手做=set about doing

Ega: He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years

take sb. a long time to do sth. 某事花了某人很久的时间

It took me five days to write the article.

two more faxes = another two faxes

fail to

reluctantly = unwillingly 勉勉强强地，不情愿地

as it had originally been written = in its original way

倒装简述：

not only 位于句首，必须采用倒装形式

The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well.

1．否定副词位于句首，要倒装。

Never have I read such stories. 我从来没有读过这样的小说。

Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪儿他都找不到他想要的那本书。

Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。

常用的否定副词：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no sooner

2．含有only的状语位于句首，句子要倒装

Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.只有到那个时候，他才认识到自己犯了个错误。

Only when a great deal more information has been obtained will it be possible to plan a trip.

只有获得比较多的信息之后，才有可能计划去旅行。

3．还有not的副词短语位于句首，要倒装。

not for a moment, not in the least , not for an instant, not until

Not in the least is he interested in Englsh literature. 他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。

Not for an instant did i believe he had lied.

4．含有no的短语位于句首，句子要倒装。

at no time, in no way, in no sence, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition , under no circum stances.‘绝不’

Under no circumstances can we accpet the check.无论如何我们不能接受这笔钱。

On no account must you leave the baby in the house.你无论如何也不能把婴儿留在房间里。

5．so,suh位于句首，句子也要倒装。

He had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted

= he had asked for permission

请求允许，被允许：be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth.

in which ----which指代fax

while和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示“正在做某事的过程中”，可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。while he was counting…

leading to 现在分词，通向

the steps leading to the president’s palace

the road leading to the forest

fifteen-foot ----做前置定语，这里的名词必须是单数形式

which指代wall (避免和前面的句式结构相同)

【Special difficulties】

倒装的用法

Exercise

Write these sentences again beginning each one with the words in italics.

1 He has not only made this mistake before but he will make it again.

2 I realized what was happening only then.

3 I will never trust him again.

4 You seldom find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.

key:

1 Not only has he made this mistake before but he will make it again.

2 Only then did I realize what was happening.

3 Never will I trust him again.

4 Seldom do You find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.

warden [w]n.看护人，守护人

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

Comprehension

1 The editor acted as he did because .

a. he wanted an excuse to fire the journalist

b. he had not read the article beyond the first sentence

c. he was dissatisfied with the factual content of the article

d. he wanted to please the president of the new African republic

1. C

2 The journalist took a long time to sent the details required because .

a. it took him a long time to count all the steps

b. he had not been allowed to fax the information he had obtained

c. he did not realize how soon the magazine would go to press

d. he had been arrested before he had had time to obtain the facts

2. B

3 Why had the journalist been arrested?

a. Because his activities must have appeared suspicious.

b. For having gone to extremes to provide unimortant facts.

c. For climbing the palace wall in order to measure its height.

d. Because the article was published in its original form.

3. A

Structure

4 the first sentence, the editor refused to publish the article. (ll.5-6)

a. Reading

b. Having read

c. He read

d. Being read

首选从句、分词、独立主格结构,缺少了时间状语从句的连接词

4．B

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Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1．正确答案：A 2．正确答案：B 3．正确答案：A 4．正确答案：C 5．正确答案：B 6．正确答案：D 10．正确答案：B together with = along with 表示还有 added to 表示被加上 7．正确答案：C 8．正确答案：C 9．正确答案：D in the letter 在信中 in the radio message 在电报中 in the fax 在传真中 including 表示包含、包括。它强调一个整体包含若干个部分，而这里是表示还有什么。11．正确答案：C inscribe 刻画 mark 做标记 12．正确答案：A come to light = emerge arisen 是arise 的过去分词形式，是个不及物动词，表示产生、出现 surface露出水面 alight 要与介词on 连用，表示偶然发现My eyes alighted on the book. Lesson 33A day to remember 难忘的一天 Multiple choice questions 多项选择 1．正确答案：C

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-- They made her wait for hours. à She was made to wait for hours. 5… 答案准确： D? A）把say改成claim就对了（-- People?claimed?to?have?seen?the?puma.） D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系 6… 准确答案：B 原句中的?when引导的时间状语从句表示：－...就… （as?soon?as） 被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away. 主动：On?observing?her, it?immediately?ran?away. On seeing me, he waved to me. 7… 准确答案：D except能够和名词/名词性从句实行搭配（也不过when/if引导的从句形式） unless = if...not = except on the condition that… when = if -- …except when they are cornered. = …except if they are cornered.

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Lesson 14 1b 2b 3a 4a 5c 6b 7a 8c 9b 10d 11d 12c Lesson 15 1c 2d 3a 4b 5b 6d 7a 8c 9a 10c 11b 12b Lesson 16 1c 2b 3b 4d 5d 6c 7d 8b 9a 10b 11c 12a Lesson 17 1d 2a 3a 4a 5a 6b 7d 8d 9a 10c 11c 12d Lesson 18 1a 2c 3d 4c 5c 6b 7a 8d 9d 10a 11b 12c Lesson 19 1a 2b 3a 4b 5d 6a 7b 8d 9d 10b 11c 12a Lesson 20 1c 2b 3b 4c 5a 6c 7d 8a 9c 10d 11a 12d Lesson 21 1b 2d 3c 4a 5a 6b 7b 8a 9c 10a 11a 12d Lesson 22 1a 2c 3c 4c 5a 6c 7c 8a 9d 10d 11b 12c Lesson 23 1d 2a 3d 4a 5b 6c 7a 8c 9d 10d 11b 12b Lesson 24 1a 2c 3a 4a 5d 6b 7c 8b 9d 10a 11d 12a Lesson 25 1c 2a 3d 4c 5b 6d 7a 8d 9b 10a 11a 12c Lesson 26 1d 2a 3c 4c 5b 6a 7c 8d 9c 10d 11b 12a