新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程3 课后单词表Uint 3 Section A

<1>leadership n. 1. [U] the quality that a leader should have 领导才能
She lacks leadership. 她缺乏领导才能。
Candidates must show leadership qualities and also a desire to compete and achieve. 候选人必须具备领导素质和竞争、获胜的欲望。
2. [U] the position of being a leader 领导地位；领导权
He was elected to the leadership of the Labor Party. 他被选为工党的领袖。
Britain has lost its leadership in the ship-building industry. 英国已丧失在造船业的主导地位。

<2>publicity n. 1. [U] the attention that sb. or sth. gets from newspapers, television, etc. 关注
The company's continued use of such dangerous chemicals has attracted a lot of negative publicity. 该公司继续使用这样的危险化学品招来了不少批评。
The film actress's marriage got a lot of publicity. 这位女电影演员的婚姻引起了公众的极大关注。
2. [U] the business of providing information in order to attract public attention 宣传；推广
Who did you get to do the publicity for the show? 你让谁来做演出的宣传工作？
The concert wasn't given much advance publicity, so many tickets remained unsold. 音乐会事先没有做广泛宣传，所以不少票都没有卖出去。

<3>cultivate vt. 1. develop a particular skill or quality 培养
At this school we aim to cultivate the minds of all the children we teach. 在这所学校里，我们旨在开发学生的心智。
She seems to spend her life trying to cultivate her career. 她的一生似乎都在耕耘其事业。
2. make land suitable for growing crops or plants 耕种，耕作
He cultivated the field with a large tractor. 他用一台大型拖拉机耕地。
She also cultivated a small garden of her own. 她自己也种了一小块菜地。

<4>comprehensivea. including many details or aspects of sth. 综合的；全面的
She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她对该学科有全面的了解。
We offer you comprehensive training in all aspects of the business. 我们将就业务的各个方面对你进行综合培训。

<5>controversiala. causing disagreement 有争议的；引起争论的
He is a controversial person. 他是一个很有争议的人。
He wrote a very controversial book, but I think he's since regretted it. 他写了一本很有争议的书，但我想他随后就后悔了。

<6>suspend vt. 1. officially stop sth. for a short time 暂停，中止
The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather. 因为天气恶劣，船运服务暂停了。
Both governments are refusing to suspend hostilities. 两国政府都拒绝停止敌对行为。
2. hang sth. up 悬；挂
Two large stainless steel frames were suspended from the ceiling. 天花板上吊着两个大不锈钢架子。
They suspended a rope from a branch. 他们把一根绳子吊在树枝上。

<7>strain n. [C, U] pressure caused by a difficult situation 负担；压力
He finds his new job a real strain. 他发现新工作的确压力大。
The recent decline in the dollar has put a bigger strain on the economic system. 最近美元贬值给经济体系带来了更大的压力。
vt. 1. injure oneself by stretching a muscle too much 扭伤，拉伤
Don't read in this light, or you'll strain your eyes! 不要在这种光线下看书，否则会损伤你的眼睛！
You'll strain yourself trying to lift that heavy weight. 搬这么重的东西你会弄伤自己的。
2. make a relationship tense 使关系紧张
Relations between the two nations had become more and more strained since the war. 自那场战争以来，这两个国家之间的关系变得越来越紧张。
After the agreement there was a strained silence. 争执过后是令人紧张的沉默。

<8>preliminary a. coming before the main or most important part of sth. 预备的；初步的
In the preliminary discussions, American officials rejected the requests. 在初步讨论中，美国官员拒绝了这些要求。
Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds of the competition. 我队在预赛中被打败了。

<9>magnet n. 1. [C] sb. or sth. that attracts many people 有吸引力的人或物
Our school's gym is a magnet for young gymnasts from around the area. 我们学校的体育馆吸引了周边的小体操运动员。
The region has become a magnet for small businesses. 该地区对小企业很有吸引力。
2. [C] an object that is able to attract iron and steel objects 磁铁
A magnet attracts nails. 磁铁能吸铁钉。
She drew men to her like iron to a magnet. 她像磁石吸铁一样吸引男人。

<10>minority n. 1. [C] (usu. pl.) a group of people of a different race, religion, etc. from most other people in that country 少数民族
The Congress passed the laws to protect minorities. 国会通过了保护少数民族的法律。
Some people wrongly attribute their lack of success in getting work to minorities taking their jobs. 有些人错误地将找不到工作归咎于少数民族抢了他们的工作机会。
2. [sing.] a small group of people or things within a much larger group 少数；少数派
It's only a tiny minority of people who are causing the violence. 引起暴力的只是极少数的一些人。
Only a minority of people support the proposal. 只有少数人支持这一提议。

<11>quest n. [C] a long difficult search 探寻，寻求
Nothing will stop them in their quest for the truth. 没有什么可以阻止他们对真理的探索。
She does exercises four times a week in her quest to achieve the perfect figure. 为了追求完美体形，她一周锻炼四次。

<12>energetic a. full of energy; very active 精力充沛的；充满活力的
I don't feel energetic enough to go with you, so I

'll stay here. 我感到没有力气跟你一起走了，所以我要呆在这里。
I tried to keep up with him, but he was too energetic for me. 我想跟上他，但对我来说他精力太充沛了。

<13>conventionala. of the traditional or accepted type 传统的；常规的
They're such a conventional family—they must have been frightened when their son dyed his hair pink. 他们是一个很传统的家庭──看到儿子把头发染成粉红色，他们肯定会非常吃惊。
As an artist I found him very dull and conventional—he's not willing to try anything new. 我觉得他是一个非常乏味守旧的艺术家──他从不打算进行新的尝试。

<14>reform vt. 1.improve sth. by correcting errors, or make a system work more effectively 改革；改进
Who will reform this unfair system? 谁将对这一不公正的制度进行改革？
The failure of the ruling Democratic Party to reform the economy has plunged the country into disaster. 执政的民主党经济改革失败，给该国带来了灾难。
n. [C, U] a change made in order to improve sth. 改革；改进
Some reforms to the system will be necessary. 对该制度进行一些改革是有必要的。
The government decided to carry out a program of social reform. 政府决心实施一个社会改革计划。

<15>intelligencen. [U] the ability to learn, understand, and think about things 智力；理解力
Use your intelligence! (= Don't be so foolish) 动动脑筋！
Examinations are not necessarily the best way to measure intelligence. 考试不一定是衡量智力的最佳方法。

<16>controversyn. [C, U] a serious disagreement 争议，争论
The point of the controversy is not whether we should do it, but whether we can do it. 争论的焦点不是我们该不该做这件事，而是我们能不能做。
There's been a bitter controversy over the policy ever since it was introduced. 这项政策一经引入就引发了激烈的争论。

<17>curriculum n. [C] (pl. curriculums or curricula) the subjects that students study at a school or college 课程
All state schools in Britain follow a national curriculum. 英国所有的公立学校执行全国统一的课程设置。
This subject is not included in the curriculum. 这门课并不包括在课程表内。

<18>preparationn. 1. [U] the act or process of preparing sth. 准备，预备
The preparation of meals is your job. 准备饭是你的任务。
Despite a lot of preparation, we didn't win the contest. 尽管做了大量的准备工作，我们还是没有赢得比赛。
2. (~s) arrangements for sth. that is going to happen 准备工作；筹备工作
The managers were busy with preparations for the conference. 经理们都忙于为会议做准备。
Preparations for the queen's visit are almost complete. 女王访问的准备工作已基本完成。

<19>mixture n. [C] a combination of

two or more people or things 混合；混合体
His first reaction was a strange mixture of joy and anger. 他的第一反应很奇怪，又高兴又愤怒。
His art is a mixture of many styles. 他的艺术是多种风格结合的产物。

<20>admission n. 1. [U] permission to enter or become a member of a school, club, etc. 进入权；准许加入
Admission to British universities depends on examination results. 英国大学的录取依考试成绩而定。
Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only. 只有被邀请才可进入展览会。
2. [C] a statement in which one admits that sth. is true 承认；供认
They made the admission that their newspaper had been fooling the public. 他们承认自己的报纸一直在愚弄公众。
I viewed her silence as an admission of guilt. 我认为她的沉默就是承认有罪。

<21>outlook n. 1. [C] one's general attitude to life and the world 看法，观点，态度
I adopted a positive outlook on life. 我对生活持积极态度。
We were quite different in outlook, Philip and I. 菲利普和我的看法不一样。
2. [C] what is expected to happen in the future 前景，远景
The outlook for the economy is not good. 经济前景不好。
Has motherhood changed your career outlook? 做了母亲后，你改变了你的职业规划吗？

<22>workshop n. 1. [C] a meeting where a group of people discuss a subject, esp. by taking part in discussions or activities 研讨会；研习班
She runs a theatre workshop. 她举办了一个戏剧研讨班。
They ran a jazz workshop for young artists. 他们为年轻艺术家办了一期爵士乐研习班。
2. [C] a room or building where things are made or repaired with machines or tools 车间；作坊
A workshop was built on his estate. 他的庄园里建了一个工场。
Please tidy up the workshop when work is over. 工作结束后，请清理车间。

<23>seminar n. [C] a meeting at which a group of people discuss a subject 研讨会
I attended almost every lecture and seminar when I was in college. 我上大学时，几乎每一个讲座和研讨会都去参加。
The professor is giving a seminar tomorrow. 这位教授明天将主持一个专题讨论会。

<24>attendance n. 1. [C, U] the number of people present 出席人数
They're expecting a large attendance at the meeting. 他们希望有很多人出席大会。
Attendances at church are falling. 到教堂去的人数在减少。
2. [U] the fact of being present 出席；参加
He received an award for his perfect attendance record. 他因为满出席率而受到了奖励。
He was largely self-taught through wide reading and attendance at public lectures. 他主要是通过广泛阅读和听公众讲座自学。

<25>utmost n. [U] the greatest amount or degree possible 极限；最大限度
Our endurance was tested t

o the utmost. 我们的忍耐力受到了最大限度的考验。
The new model of the car offers the utmost in power. 这款新车提供了最大的动力。
a. greatest; most possible 最大的，极度的
I need to speak to you on a matter of utmost importance. 我需要和你谈一件极为重要的事情。
His giving up has put us in a position of utmost difficulty. 他的妥协已经把我们置于一个极度困难的境地。

<26>worthwhile a. worth doing; worth the money, time or effort that is spent 值得（做）的
She considers teaching a worthwhile career. 她认为教书是一件值得做的工作。
Here's some worthwhile advice to any young student. 这是一些对年轻学生的忠告。

<27>enroll v. officially arrange to join a school, university, or course or arrange for sb. else to do this （使）登记入学；注册
The union enrolls over 100,000 workers in New York. 这个工会在纽约的会员有10万多人。
The school enrolled about 3,000 pupils last year. 这所学校去年招收了大约3,000名学生。

<28>outset n. [U] the beginning 开端，开始
The workers knew from the outset that their jobs would end this year. 工人们从一开始就知道他们的工作今年将结束。
You should explain this to him at the outset. 你应该一开始就向他说明这一点。

<29>optimistic a. believing that good things will happen in the future 乐观的
I'm optimistic that we can finish the job on time. 我对我们准时完成这项工作持乐观态度。
The experts are optimistic about our chances of success.专家们对我们成功的可能性持乐观态度。

<30>fruitful a. having good results 富有成效的
The talks had been fruitful, but much remained to be done. 会谈卓有成效，但还有很多事要做。
This was a fruitful effort, and our results will help people for years to come. 这一努力富有成效，我们的发现在今后的许多年中都将对人们有益。

<31>faculty n. 1. [U] (AmE) all the teachers in a university, college, or school 全体教员
The faculty is meeting tomorrow at 10 a.m. 全体教员明天上午10点开会。
He joined the faculty of Columbia University. 他成了哥伦比亚大学的一名教员。
2. [C] a natural ability to do sth. 能力；天赋
The patient's faculty of hearing has been greatly damaged. 病人的听力受到了很大的损害。
I kept my mental and critical faculties alive. 我还保持着敏锐的思维能力和评判能力。

<32>campus n. [C, U] the land and buildings of a college or university （大学）校园
There's accommodation for about 500 students on campus. 校区可容纳大约500名学生。
The new concert hall will be built on the university campus. 新音乐厅将建在大学校园内。

<33>jail n. [C, U] the place where criminals are kept 监狱
He went to jail

for his crime. 他因犯罪而进了监狱。
There are bad conditions in some jails. 有些监狱的状况很糟糕。

<34>insult vt. say or do sth. that is rude and offensive to sb. 侮辱；辱骂
I felt most insulted when they made me sit at a little table at the back. 当他们让我在后面的一张小桌旁落座时，我觉得受到了莫大的侮辱。
First he drank all my wine and then he insulted all my friends. 他先喝光了我的酒，然后又辱骂了我所有的朋友。
n. [C] a rude or offensive remark or action 侮辱；辱骂
Don't take it as an insult if I go to sleep during your speech; I'm very tired. 如果我在你演讲时睡着了，别把那当作侮辱，我太累了。
She made the usual insults about my appearance. 她又像平常那样侮辱我的外表。

<35>curse vt. say bad things about sb. or sth. 诅咒；咒骂
I could curse her for losing my key! 她弄丢了我的钥匙，我真想骂她！
He missed the ball and cursed violently. 他没有接住球，便破口大骂。
n. [C] an impolite word or words used to express anger 诅咒；咒骂
She gave a couple of curses and then got up again. 她诅咒了几句，然后又站了起来。
With a curse, she picked up the papers from the ground. 她骂了一声，从地上捡起了报纸。



<36>see... as consider sb. or sth. to be 认为...是
Do you see the new leader as the hope of the company? 你认为新领导是公司的希望吗?
Why are deaf children so often seen as stupid? 为什么耳聋的儿童常常被认为是傻子?

<37>be scheduled to do be arranged to do 被安排，定于
She is scheduled to give a speech tonight. 她定于今晚作演讲。
The train is scheduled to arrive at 8:45, but it's running 20 minutes late. 这列火车预定于8:45到达，但是晚点了20分钟。

<38>over one's protest in spite of one's protest 不顾某人的抗议
The police made her pay a fine over her protest. 警察不顾她的抗议叫她交付了罚款。
A nuclear plant was built in the area over the farmers' protests. 虽然牧场主们抗议，该地区还是建立了核电厂。

<39>put forth show; bring sth. such as strength into action 使出；发挥
Putting forth a great effort, he uprooted the tree. 他使了很大的劲儿把树拔了出来。
Everyone has to put forth effort if we are to be ready on time. 若要按时准备好，每个人都必须努力。

<40>complete with including; supplied with 包括；具有
a radio complete with a carrying case 带手提套子的收音机
He wore the whole rabbit outfit, complete with teeth. 他完全一套兔子的装扮，齐全得连牙齿都有。

<41>do one's utmost try as hard as one can 竭尽全力
I did my utmost to stop them. 我曾竭尽全力阻止他们。
Each district felt it must do its utmost to make its

part of the celebration a success. 每一个市区都感到要竭尽全力使该庆祝活动在当地办得成功。

<42>work out find a way of doing sth. 制订；找到
We'll work out our schedule. 我们将制订出一份时间表。
They have worked out a new plan of attack. 他们制订出了新的进攻计划。

<43>at the outset at the beginning 开始
You'd better decide at the outset what kind of learning program you want to follow. 你最好一开始就确定你要选择哪一种学习方案。
A person with higher qualifications can get a better paid job at the outset. 资历高的人一开始就会找到待遇高的工作。

<44>kind of slightly; to some extent 有点儿；有几分
I'm not sure why, but I feel kind of sorry for him. 我不知道为什么，但我有点儿替他惋惜。
It was kind of strange to see him again. 再见到他有点儿奇怪。
<45>Hyde School 海德中学

<46>Joseph Gauld 约瑟夫·高尔德 （人名）

<47>Bath, Maine 缅因州巴思市

<48>Malcolm Gauld 马尔科姆·高尔德（人名）

<49>Joe 乔（Joseph的昵称）

<50>Hyde Foundation 海德基金会

<51>Baltimore 巴尔的摩（美国马里兰州中北部港市）

<52>New Haven, Connecticut 康涅狄格州纽黑文市

<53>Jimmy DiBattista 吉米·迪巴蒂斯塔（人名）