英语翻译试题与答案详解

全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试

英语翻译试题与答案详解

课程代码：00087

Ⅰ. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)

A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.

1. Almost all the TV viewers were deeply impressed by Titanic’s huge mass and her ruined splendor of a lost age. 答案：B

A. 泰坦尼克号的庞大以及她那昔日辉煌的残毁，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了十分深刻的印象。

B. 泰坦尼克号船体庞大，虽已损毁，昔日丰采犹存，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了深刻的印象。

C. 泰坦尼克号无比庞大，往日荣光业已荡然无存，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了深刻的印象。

D. 泰坦尼克号的庞大船体以及她那失去的昔日光辉，给几乎所有的电视观众都留下了深刻的印象。

2. A truly extraordinary variety of alternatives to the chemical control of insects is available. 答案：C

A. 使用化学方法控制昆虫除外，其它有效方法也可使用。

B. 除了不用化学方法控制昆虫外，应该还有其它方法可以使用。

C. 除了使用化学方法控制昆虫以外，还有其它各种奇妙的方法可以使用。

D. 控制昆虫的方法很多，使用化学方法只不过是其中之一也可使用。

3. We talked of our plans to wed and start a family, once we were settled in Los Angeles, and we listened to the rain. 答案：C

A. 我们打算一旦在洛杉矶站住脚，就结婚，开始新的生活。我们议论着，外头还下着雨。

B. 一旦在洛杉矶落住脚，我们就打算结婚，开始新的生活。我们议论着，还听着外头的雨声。

C. 我们打算一旦在洛杉矶站住脚，就结婚，组织家庭。我们一面议论，一面听着外头的雨声。

D. 一旦在洛杉矶落住脚，我们就打算结婚，建立家庭。我们一面议论着，而且一面听着外头的雨声。

4. I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. 答案：A

A. 我感到有人走近，于是伸出了手，以为是把手伸向母亲。

B. 我感到有人走近，我就伸出了手，因为我在等我的母亲。

C. 我感到有人向我走来，我想那是我母亲，她把手伸向我。

D. 我感到有人向我走来，我想那是我母亲，她伸手搂抱我。

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5. Brindley worked, for example, to improve the grinding of flints, which were used in the rising pottery industry. 答案：C

A. 为了改进例如燧石的研磨过程，布林德雷努力工作着，燧石是新兴陶瓷工业的常用材料。

B. 例如，布林德雷努力改进新兴陶瓷工业常用材料的研磨过程——燧石。

C. 例如，布林德雷努力改进燧石的研磨过程，燧石是新兴陶瓷工业使用的材料。

D. 布林德雷努力改进例如燧石的研磨过程，燧石是新兴陶瓷工业使用的材料。

6. 他耷拉着脑袋坐在床边上。答案：A

A. He sat on the edge of the bed, his head lowered.

B. He was sitting on the edge of the bed, his head lowering.

C. He sat on the edge of the bed, with his head being lowered.

D. He was sitting on the edge of the bed, with his head lowering.

7. 评剧院里很多女演员学会了打毛衣，大都是我教她们的。答案：B

A. Many actresses in the Pingju Theatre learned to knit, in most cases I taught them.

B. Many other actresses in the pingju Theatre learned to knit as well, mostly from me.

C. Many actress in the pingju Theatre learned to knit, mostly from me.

D. Many other actress in the Pingju Theatre learned to knit as well, and in most cases I taught them.

8. 你明明写了那么多的作品，怎么说不是文学家呢？答案：D

A. You’ve written so many books, how can you say you’re not man of letter?

B. You’ve written many, many books. How can you say you’re not a man of letter?

C. You’ve written so many books. How can you say you’re not man of letters?

D. You’ve written many, many books. How can you say you’re not a man of letters?

9. 他睡得很死，连打雷都没有把他惊醒。答案：D

A. He slept like a log and was not even wakened up by the thunder.

B. He slept like a log and was not even awakened up by the thunder.

C. He slept like a log and was not even awoken up by the thunder.

D. He slept like a log and was not even awakened by the thunder.

10. 中国作为疆域辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久的国家，应该对人类有较大的贡献。答案：A

A. A country with a vast territory, a big population and a long history, China should make greater contributions to humanity.

B. China is a country with a vast territory, a big population and a long history, should make greater contributions to humanity.

C. China has a vast territory, a big population and a long history, and thus makes greater contributions to humanity.

D. As a country, China has not only a vast territory, a big population but also a long history. Therefore, China should make greater contributions to humanity.

B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices

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labeled A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes each statement.

11. 针对鲁迅先生提出的“宁信而不顺”的主张，瞿秋白提出___B______。

A. “宁顺而不信”

B. “信”和“顺”不应对立起来

C. 要容忍“多少的不顺”

D. 要保存原作的丰姿

12. 傅雷认为翻译重在___B______。

A. 理论

B. 实践

C. 创新

D. 观察

13. 王佐良认为译者在处理个别的词时，他面对的是___C______。

A. 两种语言

B. 两种文体

C. 两大片文化

D. 两套语法体系

14. According to Theodore Savory, a translator must ask himself: ___A______.

A. (ⅰ) What does the author say?

(ⅱ) What does he mean?

(ⅲ) How does he say it?

B. (ⅰ) What does the author mean?

(ⅱ)What does he say?

(ⅲ)What does he want?

C. (ⅰ)What does the author say?

(ⅱ) Where does he say it?

(ⅲ) What does he mean?

D. (ⅰ) What does the author mean?

(ⅱ) How does he like it?

(ⅲ) What does he say?

15. 代词在英语和汉语里都经常使用，但总的说来，____A_____。

A. 英语代词用得多，汉语代词用得少

B. 英语代词用得多，汉语代词也用得多

C. 汉语代词用得多，英语代词用得少

D. 汉语代词用得少，英语代词也用得少

Ⅱ. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each)

A. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese.

16. Premier 答案：总理

17. foreign exchange dealings 答案：外汇交易

18. financial deficit 答案：财政赤字

19. arbitration agency 答案：仲裁机构

20. regional autonomy 答案：区域自治

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21. waste disposal 答案：废料处理/排污

22. automobile components 答案：汽车零部件

23. sum total 答案：总额

24. inland waters 答案：内陆水域

25. ASEAN 答案：东盟

【评分参考】英译汉词组翻译共10小题，每题1分，共计10分。考生答案如与参考答案相符，给一分。如与参考答案部分相符（例如第19题只答出“仲裁”），酌情扣0.5分。考生如能以规范的汉语正确表达英语词组的意思（例如第21题译作“废料排放”，或第22题译作“汽车零配件”），虽然与参考答案不完全相符，也可给1分。如汉语译文意思完全错误，则不给分。

B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English.

26. 金字塔答案：pyramid

27. 中国公民答案：Chinese citizen

28. 维生素答案：vitamin

29. 载人飞船答案：manned spaceship

30. 生态环境答案：ecoligical environment

31. 世界贸易组织答案：the World Trade Organization

32. 平等互利的原则答案：the principle of equality and mutual benefit

33. 内燃机答案：internal combusion engine

34. 版权保护答案：copyright protection/protection of the copyright

35. 可耕地答案：arable land

【评分标准】英译汉词组翻译共10小题，每题1分，共计10分。考生答案如与参考答案相符，给一分。如与参考答案部分相符（例如第34题只答出“copyright”），酌情扣0.5分。考生如在大小写、冠词和单复数等方面与参考答案不完全相符，但词组主体部分均为正确，也可给1分。如果出现单词拼写错误，视其严重程度酌情扣0.5分或不给分。

Ⅲ. Translation Improvement (20 points, 2 points for each)

A. Directions: Each of the following Chinese translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.

Example:

原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.

译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。

改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。

36. 原文：China’s vast size and resources, her extraordinary economic progress over recent years, have made her an increasingly important player in the modern international economy.

译文：中国地大物博，近年来经济迅猛发展，这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为一个越来越重要的游戏者。

答案：改译：中国地大物博，近年来经济迅猛发展，这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为越来越重要的一员（或：一支越来越重要的力量）。（考试重点：“player”的译法。）

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37. 原文：His air of complete self-assurance and somewhat lordly bearing would have frightened me, had it not been for his warm and hearty handshake.

译文：他和我握手时的那种热情和真挚不像是那么回事，他那十分自信和略为高傲的派头真使我害怕。

答案：改译：要不是他和我握手的时候是那样热情和真挚，他那十分自信和略为高傲的派头会使我害怕呢。（考试重点：虚拟语气的掌握和翻译）

38. 原文：She wore dark glasses, a thick sweater and a white scarf.

译文：她穿戴着墨镜、厚毛衣和白围巾。

答案：改译：她戴着墨镜，穿着厚毛衣，系着白围巾。（考试重点：中文动宾搭配）39. 原文：She is neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with her age and position.

译文：她穿着整齐、朴素，以便和她的年龄和身份相称。

. 答案：改译：她穿着整齐、朴素，这跟她的年龄、身份相称。（考试重点：“in accordance with”这儿不是表目的。）

40. 原文：My wife and I, as well as our entire party, are deeply grateful.

译文：我的夫人和我以及我们全党都非常感激。

答案：改译：我的夫人和我以及全体随行人员都深为感激。（考试重点：对party的理解。）41. 原文：It is better to be alone than in ill company.

译文：与其呆在不怎么样的公司，还不如一个人呆着。

答案：.改译：与恶友交往不如独处。/与不三不四的人交往，还不如一个人呆着。（考试重点：对company的理解）

B. Directions: Each of the following English translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations.

Example:

原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。

译文：To write a preface to this collection of his essays gives me a great honor.

改译：I find it a great honor to write a preface to this collection of his essays.

42. 原文：深圳人自己总结经验，由内向型转为外向型经济。

译文：The people in Shenzhen reviewed their experience and decided to shift the zone’s economy from an incoming orientation to an external orientation.

答案：.改译：T he people in Shenzhen reviewed their experience and decided to shift the zone’s economy from a domestic orientation to an external orientation.（考试重点：“内向型”的译法）

43. 原文：“物极必反”，错误成了堆，光明就会到来。

译文：“Things turn into their opposites when they reach the extreme”; mistakes pile up, light is not far off.

答案：改译：：“Things turn into their opposites when they reach the extreme”;when mistakes pile up,light is not far off.（考试重点：中英语言差异，英译时应加“when”）

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44. 原文：钻石湖风景秀丽，是这个城市的几大景点之一。

译文：The Diamond Lake, noting for its beautiful scenery, was regarded as one of the outstanding views of the city.

答案：.改译：The Diamond Lake, noted for its beautiful scenery, was regarded as one of the outstanding views of the city.（考试重点：现在分词和过去分词的掌握）

45. 原文：没有科技知识要建设社会主义是不可能的。

译文：Without knowledge of science and technology is impossible to build socialism.

答案：改译：Without knowledge of science and technology it is/would be impossible to build socialism.（考试重点：用“it”代替主语的句式的掌握。）

【评分标准】

一．本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

二．凡与参考答案相符者，给2分；若与参考答案不符，但考生能用规范的语言把原文的意思准确地表达出来，也可给2分。

三．即使辨认出错误，但没能正确改译，不给分。

四．如考生在改译中把原译的错处或语病改掉，却又在另一点上犯错，原则上不给分；如错误小，可考虑给1分。

Ⅳ. Paragraph Translation (30 points)

A. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)

46. We are still in the middle of the Industrial Revolution; We had better be, for we have many things to put right in it. But it has made our world richer, smaller, and for the first time ours. And I mean that literally: our world, everybody’s world.

From its earliest beginnings, when it was still dependent on water power, the Industrial Revolution was terribly cruel to those whose lives and livelihood it overturned. Revolutions are —it is their nature, because by definition revolutions move too fast for those whom they strike. We still live in the middle of the Industrial Revolution and find it hard to see its implications, but the future will say of it that in the ascent of man it is a step, a stride, as powerful as the Renaissance. The Renaissance established the dignity of man. The Industrial Revolution established the unity of nature.

答案：我们现在仍处于产业革命之中，这样最好，因为我们在此过程中还有许多东西需要加以纠正。但产业革命已使我们这个世界变得更富、更小，而且第一次成为我们是世界。我说的就是字面上的意思：我们的世界，大家的世界。

产业革命最初以水为动力，从那时起，对于它破坏其生活、断绝其生计的人们来说，它是极其残酷的。革命就是这样——这是革命的本性，因为革命的本义就是要快速前进，而革命的对象是跟不上它的步伐的。既然我们仍处于产业革命之中，就难以看出它的影响，但将来人们回顾这段历史时，会说它是人类进程中跨出的一步，一大步，和文艺复兴具有同样大的力量。文艺复兴确立了人的尊严。产业革命则确立了大自然的统一。

【评分参考】英译汉部分，满分15分，包括分句评价分14分，总体评价分1分。

分句评价分的分值如下：全文共8句。第1至6句，每句2分。

第1句，要理解we had better be 后面省略的就是前面的in the middle of the Industrial Revolution。理解错误者，扣2分。

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第2句，it译成汉语用实称：“产业革命”，否则扣1分。our world译作“我们这个世界”（因后面ours需译作“我们的世界”），否则扣1分。

第3句，重点是literally，“字面的意思”，如误译，扣1分。

第4句，重点是when引导的从句和whose引导的从句，处理不好者，扣1分。

第5句，要理解Revolutions are 后面省略的就是前面的terribly cryel to……；另一重点是whom引导的从句，处理不好，各扣1分。

第6句，will say of it，这个it译成汉语可用实称：“这段历史”，或“产业革命”，否则扣1分。Renaissance若译错，扣1分。

第7、8句各1分。Nature也可译作“自然界”。

每句译文如有语病，还可酌情扣分。总体评价分为1分。考生的分句评价分在12分（含12分）以上才可以加总体评价分。如果译文在总体上理解正确，内容上忠实原文，表达流畅，汉语规范，则可给1分。如果理解基本正确，内容上基本忠实原文，表达比较流畅，语言基本规范，则可酌情给0.5分。

B. Directions: Translate the following passage into English. (15 points)

47.我家里生活苦，父亲做小买卖，妈妈是家庭妇女，弟弟妹妹多。家里最大的是我，才十三岁，就唱戏养家了。

早晨去喊嗓子，我带着一个小篮拾煤核，为了回家取暖。拾煤核也要放聪明点，常常换换地方，为的是不受那些成群结队拾煤核的野男孩的欺负。

答案：My family was hard up,with Father a peddler,Mother a housewofe,and so many children to feed. At thirteen, as the eldest child, I acted to help support the family.

Each morning when I went out to practise singging in the open air, I took a little basket to scrounge for cinders for our stove. Even when scrounging for cinders you had to have your wits about you and shift from place to place to avoid those mischeivous boys who banded together to collect cinders too.

【评分参考】汉译英部分为15分，包括分句评价分14分，总体评价分1分。

分句评价分的分值如下：

全文共4句，第1,2句各4分。

这两句译文均要求用主从结构（如参考译文）。但若译成并列短句，而且联系得好，可不扣分。若联系不好，句子过于松散，则每句至少扣2分。

第3,4句各3分。

“喊嗓子”，不可照字面译，否则扣1分。

“拾煤核”，动词除scrounge外，还可用collect,gathetr等。pick(up)算错，扣1分。

每句的译文如忠实原文，英语表达无误，则可得该句得满分。句中如有误译、漏译、语法错误、拼写错误等，则可酌情扣分；扣分最多不得超过该句的分值。如整句误译或漏译，则不给分。

总体评价分为1分。考生的分句评价分在12分（含12分）以上才可以加总体评价分。如果译文在总体上理解正确，内容上忠实原文，表达流畅，汉语规范，则可给1分。如果理解基本正确，内容上基本忠实原文，表达比较流畅，语言基本规范，则可酌情给0.5分。

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2020年英语翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题(1)

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一、国家及校级奖项、称号国家奖学金 National Scholarship 国家励志奖学金 National Encouragement scholarship三好学生标兵Pacemaker to Merit Student三好学生 Merit Student学习优秀生Model Student of Academic Records 突出才能奖 Model Student of Outstanding Capacity 先进个人 Advanced Individual/Outstanding Student优秀工作者Excellent staff优秀学生干部 Excellent Student Cadre优秀共青团员 Excellent League Member优秀毕业生 Outstanding Graduates 优秀志愿者 Outstanding Volunteer先进班集体 Advanced Class 优秀团干 Outstanding League Cadres 学生协会优秀干部 Outstanding cadres of Student Association学生协会工作优秀个人Outstanding Individual of Student Association 精神文明先进个人 Spiritual Advanced Individual社会工作先进个人Advanced Individual of Social Work文体活动先进个人 Advanced Individual of Cultural and sports activities 道德风尚奖 Ethic Award 精神文明奖 High Morality Prize 最佳组织奖 Prize for The Best Organization 突出贡献奖 Prize for The Outstanding Contribution工作创新奖Prize for The Creative Working 团队建设奖 Prize for The Team Contribution 二、各系比赛与奖项

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