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新视野第一册读写教程课文第五单元中英文对照

新视野第一册读写教程课文第五单元中英文对照
新视野第一册读写教程课文第五单元中英文对照

Unit 5

Section A The Battle Against AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in the United States in the late 1970s. Since then, AIDS has killed more than 204,000 Americans —half in the past few years alone. Another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus are also expected to die.

Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos. Women and youth in rural Southern communities now constitute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS.

Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS. In place of government inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged.

One organization, the South Carolina AIDS Education Network, formed in 1985 to combat the growing number of AIDS cases. Like many local organizations, this organization suffers from a lack of money, forcing it to use its resources creatively. To reach more people in the community, some AIDS educational programs operate out of a beauty shop.

The owner hands out AIDS information to all her clients when they enter the shop and shows videos on AIDS prevention while they wait for their hair to dry. She also keeps books and other publications around so customers can read them while waiting for their appointments. It's amazing how many people she has educated on the job.

Recently, the network began helping hair stylists throughout the Southeast set up similar programs in their shops. They are also valuable resources in spreading information to their schools, community groups, and churches.

The organization has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work. While no one way of winning the war against AIDS exists, the network shares these lessons learned in its battle against AIDS:

Speak to your community in a way they can hear. Many communities have a low literacy rate, making impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it. To solve this problem, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low-literacy AIDS education publications.

These books use simple, hand-drawn pictures of "sad faces" and "happy faces" to illustrate ways people can prevent AIDS. They also show people who look

like those we need to educate, since people can relate more when they see familiar faces and language they can understand. As a result, such books actually have more effect in the communities where they are used than government publications, which cost thousands of dollars more to produce.

Train teenagers to educate their peers. Because AIDS is spreading fastest among teenagers in the rural South, the stylists have established an "AIDS Busters"; program which trains youth from 8 to 26 to go into the community and teach "AIDS 101" to their peers. They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to friends their own age much better than an adult can. They also play a vital role in helping parents understand the types of peer pressure their children experience.

Redefine "at risk"; to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status. One woman's doctor told her she was not at risk for AIDS because she was married and didn't use drugs. Such misinformation plagues the medical establishment. According to the Centers for Disease Control, women will soon make up 80 percent of those diagnosed with HIV.

The stylists also emphasize that everyone is at risk and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves — regardless of marriage status.

These lessons are not the only solutions to the crisis but until there is a cure for AIDS, education represents the only safe measure to guard against the virus.

Like no other plague before, the AIDS epidemic threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leave another without parents. We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done. Nor can we let political inefficiency stop us from our task. This is an undeclared war that everyone must sign up for in order for us to win. We simply cannot let people continue to die because we don't feel comfortable talking about AIDS. Everyone must become an educator and learn to live.

Unit5-A

获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病)是20世纪70年代末在美国发现的。自那时以来,艾滋病已夺走了20.4万多美国人的生命——其中有一半是在过去几年中丧生的。此外,在100万感染艾滋病病毒的人当中有18.5万人也将在一年内死亡。

被诊断感染艾滋病病毒的人当中有一半是黑人和来自拉丁美洲的美国人。南部农村社区的妇女和青年是数量增长最快的艾滋病患者群体。

尽管数量大得惊人,但联邦和各州政府在实施防止艾滋病蔓延的计划方面行

动迟缓。鉴于政府行动不力,许多地方性组织便应运而生了。

南卡罗来纳艾滋病教育网络机构成立于1985年,目的在于防止艾滋病病例数量的增加。和许多地方性组织一样,该组织缺乏资金,这迫使它创造性地使用其资源。为接触更多的社区居民,有些艾滋病教育计划在美发店实施。

美发店老板在顾客进来时向他们散发艾滋病资料,在他们等着头发晾干时,向他们放映有关预防艾滋病的录像片。她还在店里放一些书籍和其他出版物,供顾客等候时阅读。她在工作的同时使许许多多人受到了教育,这一点着实让人赞叹。

最近,这一教育网络机构已开始帮助整个美国东南部的发型设计师们在他们的美发店里实施类似计划。他们也是向学校、社区组织和教堂传播信息的有价值的资源。

这一组织还总结出了一些对其他从事同样工作的团体颇有裨益的方法。尽管还没有一种能战胜艾滋病的方法,但这一网络机构在与艾滋病斗争中获得了以下经验:

以社区居民能接受的方式与他们交谈。许多社区的居民受教育比例低,这使得向他们散发艾滋病资料、希望他们自己阅读这一做法不切实际。为解决这一问题,需要请一些善于绘画的人来编写适合于教育程度低的居民阅读的艾滋病教育图书。

这些书采用简单的、手工绘制的“忧伤的脸”和“幸福的脸”等图画,说明防止感染艾滋病的方法。这些书也展示一些看上去同那些需要接受教育的人很相似的图片。当居民们看到熟悉的面孔和能够理解的语言时,就会发表更多的议论和看法。这样一来,这些书在使用它们的社区里所产生的影响要比政府出版的书产生的影响大,而政府出版的书籍成本要高出数千美元。

培训青少年去教育自己的同龄人。由于艾滋病在南部农村地区的青少年当中传播速度最快,发型设计师们设立了一个称为“艾滋病克星”的项目,培训8到26岁的青少年,让他们到社区给同龄人上“艾滋病101”课程。这些青少年使这门课程变得简单易学,在向他们的同龄朋友解释感染艾滋病的危险性时,他们干得比成年人出色得多。他们在帮助父母理解孩子所经受的各种来自于同龄人的压力方面也起着重要作用。

对“存在危险”这一概念重新界定,从而把不同背景、不同婚姻状况的妇女都包括进去。一位妇女的医生对她说她不存在染上艾滋病的危险,因为她已经结婚,而且不吸毒。这类错误观念困扰着医疗机构。根据疾病控制中心的预测,女性将占感染艾滋病病毒人数的80%。

发型设计师们也强调每个人都存在着危险,所以我们每个人都有权保护自

己——无论结婚与否。

这些经验不是解决艾滋病危机的唯一方法,但在找到治疗艾滋病的方法之前,教育不失为预防感染艾滋病病毒的唯一安全措施。

和以前其他传染病不同,艾滋病这一传染性疾病有可能夺去一代人的生命,从而使另一代人失去双亲。因而我们决不能让文化、种族和社会的障碍阻止我们专心从事我们必须做的工作。我们也不能因为政府工作效率低而放弃我们的工作。这是一场不宣而战的战争,我们每个人都必须参加,只有这样我们才能取得胜利。我们绝对不能因为谈论艾滋病会使我们感到难受,而听任人们继续被艾滋病夺去生命。每个人都必须成为教育者,必须学会生存。

Unit 5 Section B The Last Dive at the Olympics

I climbed the ladder, heard my dive announced, and commenced the moves that would thrust me into the air. Pushing off the diving board with my legs, I lifted my arms and shoulders back, and knew immediately I would be close to the board and might hit my hands. I tried to correct myself as I turned, spreading my hands wide apart. Then I heard a strange sound and my body lost control. Moments later I realized I had hit my head on the board.

Initially, I felt embarrassment. I wanted to hide, to get out of the pool without anyone seeing me. Next I felt intense fear. Had I cut my head? Was I bleeding? Was there blood in the pool? Swimming to the side, I noticed many shocked faces. People were worried about my head; I was worried about something far more threatening. An official examined my head. In haste, I pushed him away, and everyone else who approached me. "Don't touch me!" I felt like screaming. "Get away from me!"

These were the trials for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, Korea. Until this dive, I had been ahead. But now, something else was more significant than winning. I might have endangered other divers' lives if I had spilled blood in the pool. For what I knew — that few others knew — was that I was HIV-positive.

According to my mother, my natural parents were Samoan and only teenagers when I was born, so they gave me up for adoption. When I was only eighteen months old, I started gym classes. At ten, I explored doing gym exercises off the diving board at the pool.

Because of my dark skin, kids at school called me names; I often got mugged coming home from school. My diving made me feel good about myself when my peers made me feel stupid. In the seventh grade, I started taking drugs.

At sixteen, I knew I had a shot at the 1976 Olympics. At the trials, one month prior to the finals, I took first place on the ten-meter platform and on the springboard! This was surprising because I had trained mostly on the platform. In the finals, I won the silver medal for the platform. Unfortunately, I wasn't happy. Instead, I felt I failed because I hadn't won the gold. After that, I started training with Ron O'Brien, a well-known Olympic diving coach. Ron understood me and assisted my working more intensely. I soon became the international leader in diving. In the 1984 Olympics, I won two gold medals, one for platform, one for spring-board. This was an enjoyable triumph.

No one knew then I was gay, except Ron and a few friends. I feared being hated if people found out. Four years later, while preparing for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, I learned my partner had AIDS. I had to accept I might be HIV-positive or have AIDS, too. When my HIV test results returned positive, I was shocked and confused. Was I dying? Was my shot at the '88 Olympics vaporized? What should I do? During this very difficult time, I couldn't tell anyone for fear I wouldn't be able to compete in the Olympics if people learned I was HIV-positive.

Everyone was alarmed when I hit my head on the board at the trials in Seoul. Regardless, I made it into the finals. When we practiced the next morning, my coach made me start with the dive I'd hit my head on. At first, I was scared, but Ron made me do it six times. With each repetition, I felt more confident.

During my last dive in the finals, I enjoyed for the last time the quietness underwater and then swam to the side of the pool. Afraid to look at the score-board, I watched Ron's face. Suddenly he leaped into the air, the crowd cheered, and I knew I'd won —two gold medals, one for the three-meter springboard, one for the ten-meter platform. None knew how hard it had been, except Ron and the friends I'd told I was HIV-positive.

AIDS forced me to stop diving; I had to quit diving professionally after the Olympics.

Unit5-B

我登上梯子,听到起跳的指令,便开始做跃入空中的动作。我用脚蹬跳板,臂膀向后抬起,但马上意识到身体下落时可能会靠近跳板,碰伤手。转动身体时,我努力纠正动作,尽量把胳膊张开。接着我听到一种奇怪的响声,身体就失去了控制。很快我便意识到自己的头部碰到了跳板。

开始时我觉得很尴尬,想藏起来,想离开游泳池,而不让别人发现。接着便感到十分恐惧。头碰破了吗?流血了吗?游泳池里有没有血?我游到池边,注意到许多张惊愕的脸。人们都担心我头部是否受伤,而我却担心着比这更为可怕的事情。一位官员来检查我的头部。我赶忙把他和其他所有接近我的人推开。“别碰我!”我几乎是在大叫,“走开!”

这是1988年在韩国汉城举行的奥运会预选赛。在这一跳之前,我的成绩名列前茅。但现在,另外一件事情比获胜更重要。要是我的血溅到了游泳池里,就会危及其他跳水选手的生命。因为我知道——其他少数几个人也知道——我是艾滋病病毒携带者。

母亲告诉我,我的生身父母是萨摩亚人,我出生时他们才十几岁,所以他们把我送给别人抚养。我18个月大的时候便开始接受体操训练。10岁时我便在游泳池的跳板上训练。

由于我肤色黑,常常遭到学校里孩子们的辱骂。放学回家时常常遭到欺负。尽管同龄孩子们让我觉得自己不如别人,但跳水却使我对自己有了信心。上七年级时,我开始吸毒。

在16岁时,我获得参加1976年奥运会的机会。在决赛前一个月举行的预赛中,我获得了十米跳台和跳板的第一名!这是惊人的,因为我主要进行的是跳台训练。在决赛中我获得了跳台银牌。遗憾的是,我并不感到快乐。相反,我觉得自己失败了,因为我没能获得金牌。之后,我就跟着著名的奥运跳水教练罗恩?布赖恩训练。罗恩了解我,帮我加大训练强度。我很快成了国际跳水运动的顶尖选手。在1984年奥运会上我夺得两枚金牌:一枚跳台金牌,一枚跳板金牌。这是可喜的胜利。

除了罗恩和几个朋友外,那时没有人知道我是同性恋者。我害怕如果人们知道了这一情况会对我感到厌恶。四年之后,当我为1988年汉城奥运会作准备时,得知我的伴侣得了艾滋病。我可能也是艾滋病病毒阳性或染上了艾滋病, 我得接受这一现实。当我知道自己的艾滋病检验结果是阳性时,我感到震惊和困惑。我会死去吗?我想在88年奥运会上再铸辉煌的心愿会化为泡影吗?我该怎么办?然而在这艰难的时刻,我却不能把这些告诉任何人,因为一旦人们知道我是艾滋病病毒阳性,我便不能参加奥运会比赛了。

汉城奥运会预赛时我头部碰到了跳板,大家都很吃惊。尽管如此,我还是进入了决赛。第二天早晨训练时,教练让我从头部碰到跳板时的跳水动作开始练。起先我很害怕,但罗恩让我做了6次。每重复一次,我的信心就更增强一分。

在决赛的最后一跳时,我最后一次领略了水下的宁静,然后我游到池边。我不敢看计分牌,我看着罗恩的脸。突然他跳了起来,人群欢呼了起来,我知道自

己赢了——两枚金牌,一枚三米跳板金牌,一枚十米跳台金牌。除了知道我是艾滋病病毒阳性的罗恩和几个朋友,没有人知道这是多么的不容易。

艾滋病迫使我停止跳水;这次奥运会之后,我只好退出职业跳水生涯。

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