lecture 11 翻译技巧十 常见句型的翻译
翻译技巧十、常见句型的翻译:
●一、定语从句的翻译
●二、状语从句的翻译
●三、名词性从句的翻译
一、定语从句的译法
Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate translation of attributive clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meanings such as purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no post-position attribute and there can’t be too many modifiers preceding the modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses.
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I、译成前置定语
一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还有一些定语从句，虽然并不明显地带有限制性质，但本身较短，和被修饰语的关系紧密，也可译成前置定语。
1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。
2. This is the solider who just returned from the front. 这是刚从前线回来的战士。
3. Chengdu—A city you will never want to say goodbye after arrival.
成都－－一个你来了就不想离开的城市。
4. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.
可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。
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当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句，对先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用，有时也可以译为前置定语。
5. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.
那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。
6. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof冷漠 and arrogant高傲.
他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
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II . 译成后置并列句
A、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独立性的限制性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列句。采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，比如：有时可在此词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代词“他”、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。
7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说这一直是一个难题。
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8. Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms.
物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成的。
9. But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem.
听着，我遇见一个人，这个人说你是有权解决这个问题的。
10. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas.
日光来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热、发光的气体。
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B、非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词加以说明，描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈述的事实或现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如：11.He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.
他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。
12. These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in American.
这些书是我在美国买,它们在我的藏书中只占一小部分。
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13. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。
14. They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief.
他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的，那些酬劳是他们历经千辛万苦，通过取得令人难以置信的胜利得来的。幻灯片10
15. I told the story to John, who (=and he) told it to his brother.
我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语从句，一般也使用指示代词来重复英语关系代词所代表的含义。（如例13）
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III、溶合译法
溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。另外，由于限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，所以，限制性定语从句似乎更适合采用溶合法。英语中突出的“there be”句型就是这样处理的。
16. There are many people who want to select this major. 许多人要选这个专业。
17. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。
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18.You are the only person who could do it. 只有你才能做这件事。
19. He has a son of twenty who is now at the college. 他有个二十岁的儿子现在正上大学。
20. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader. 这是我第一次和领导发生严重纠葛。
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IV. 译成状语
有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主句有逻辑状语关系，对主句其原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等状语作用，翻译时应尽可能按照其语法功能，译成与汉语相对应的复句。
21. The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain. 由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。（译成原因状从）
22. She insisted on buying another pair of roller skates, which she had no use of.
她坚持要买多一双旱冰鞋，结果却一点用处也没有。
23. Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms.
罗斯服了中药，结果缓解了症状。（译成结果状从）
24. There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower.
只要有坚强的意志，就没有什么坏习惯改不掉。（译成条件状从）
25. The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to shipwreck. 这位女记者想写篇文章，以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。（译成目的状语从句）
定语从句翻译练习：
● A rocket engine can work in space where there is no air.
●She has invited me to visit her family, which is very kind of her .
●He would be a short-sighted man who did not look beyond.
●Here is the man whom you have been looking for.
●Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.
翻译练习答案
● 1. 火箭发动机能够在太空中缺乏空气的状态下运行。
● 2. 她善意地邀请我去她家。
● 3. 没有洞察力的人等于近视。
● 4.这就是你一直在找的人。
● 5. 我们两国是有着长久友谊的邻邦。
二、状语从句的翻译
●I. 按照原文顺序译出状语从句
1. If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating. 如果你不介意，我就把暖气关上了。
2. As far as I know, there isn’t such a word in English. 据我所知，英语里并没有这个单词。
3. Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers.
哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在兴建大批的水电站。
4. Wherever you work, you must always serve the people whole-heartedly.
不论你在哪里工作，你一直都要全心全意地为人民服务。
5. Though he was defeated in the election, he became famous for his fiery speeches against slavery.
虽然他竞选失败了，却以其反对蓄奴制度的激烈演说而出了名。
●II. 状语从句译在主句之前
6. She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business. 除非她有急事，她一定回来的。
7. Please turn off the light when you leave the dormitory. 离开宿舍，请关上电灯。
8. I will never give in, no matter what happens. 不管怎么样，我永远也不会屈服。
9. You should not get off until the bus stops. 车未停稳之前，你不要下车。
10. They started out as soon as the rain stopped. 雨一停，他们就出发了。
●III. 状语从句转译成其他类型的状语从句
11. Skill and patience will succeed where force fails.
在体力做不到的时候，技巧和耐心会帮助人成功。（地点状从译为时间状从）
12. Though not in substance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution.
如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改革首先就是一场全国性的革命。（让步状从译为条件状从）
13. Why did you give up when you could make it? 既然你能成功，干嘛要放弃呢？（时间状从译为让步状从）幻灯片22
14. She sang resonantly, if slightly nasally.
她唱歌声音洪亮，尽管鼻音略显重了些。（条件状从译为让步状从）
●IV. 状语从句译成非状语从句
15. The boy shouted as he ran.那个男孩一边跑，一边喊。（译成并列句）
16. If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal.
将两种以上的金属熔化在一起，就可以产生一种新金属。（译成复合句的主语）
18. The monkey was feeling a bit scared when suddenly the crocodile dived under the water.
猴子正感到有点儿害怕，鳄鱼突然向水下潜去。
19. As he had lots of time, he decided to go to the embankment first.
时间还早，他决定先到河岸大道去一下。（内含因果关系的并列句）
20. I was just going to explain, when the bell rang. 我正要解释，铃声响了。（译成并列句）
21. They asked her to stay where she was. 他们让她呆在原处。(译成宾语）
22. The greedy officials dared to accept any presents, whoever sent them.
无论是谁送给他们的礼品,这些贪官都敢收下。（译为定语）
练习：
●You may do as you please. （译成谓语）
●When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long time. （时间状
从译成条件状从）
●Where there is a will, there is a way. （地点状从译成条件状从）
●We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. (直译）
●Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life. （倒译）
状语从句的翻译练习答案
1. 你愿意怎么做都行。（译成谓语）
2. 如果你背着空气袋，你就能长时间地呆在深水中。（时间状从译成条件状从）
3. 有志者事竟成。（地点状从译成条件状从）
4. 我们走得很匆忙，结果门都忘锁了。
5. 生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。
三、名词性从句的翻译
英语名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在翻译时，词序一般不变，但有时也需采取一些其他处理方法。
●主语从句的常见译法
●宾语从句的常见译法
●表语从句的常见译法
●同位语从句的常见译法
I.主语从句的译法
●Ａ.“It+被动语态+that”句型
这种句型通常要译成汉语里的主动句，并增译出“大家”“我们”“有人”“人们”等泛指性的主语。该译法的特点保留了原文句子结构的前后顺序，即：先主句，后从句。有时也可译为“据……”的句型。如：
1. It is reported that the Summit Meeting will be held in December.
据报道，这个峰会将在１２月举行。
2. It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
可能有人会提出，无线电广播同样能够做到这一点；但是在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加生动，更加真实。
3. It is well known that alloy is a metal product containing two or more elements.
众所周知（大家都知道），合金是一种含有两种或两种以上元素的金属产品。
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B. “It +谓语（表语）+that”句型
这样的主语从句句型可处理为: (1) 先把主句的谓语或表语部分译成独立语，然后顺译出从句；(2) 颠倒原文句子结构，先译出从句，再译出主句。如：
4. It is strange that she have failed to see his advantages. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出他的优点。
5. It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunshine.
毋庸置疑，没有阳光，植物就不能生长。
6. It is quite obvious that the girl still loves you deeply. 很明显，这个女孩依然深爱着你。幻灯片31
7. It is quite possible that someday John will come to see you again.
总有一天约翰会来找你的，这是很有可能的哦!
8. It is frequently the case that his car breaks down on the highway.
他的车在路上抛锚，这是常有的事儿。
9. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.
物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种（大家共有的）常识。
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10.It follows that the Chinese comrades consider Korea’s cause as their own.
由此得出，中国同志把朝鲜的事情看成自己的事情。
比较上述各句，联系英汉民族思维差异：英语民族重直线思维，要点先给出，其他信息再一一增补；汉语民族重曲线思维，先侧面，外围，后点出信息的重点。因而，英语（前重心）是头短尾长，汉语是（后重心），头大尾小。
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C. 有what, whatever, whoever, when, whether等引导出的主语从句通常可按正常语序译出。如：
11. What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad. 难得的是一辈子做好事而不做坏事。
12. What the students find most difficult in English is its idiomatic usage.
学生感到，英语最困难的地方是它的习惯用法。
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13. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的每句话都应当保密。
14. Who will monitor the class is not decided yet. 谁当班长还没决定。
15. When her parents will come hasn’t been under consideration.
她的父母什么时候到来还没有（纳入）考虑。
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I I.宾语从句的译法
A. 普通句型
●以从属连词、连接代词或介词引起的宾语从句汉译时，词序一般不变。如：
16. I have not made up my mind as to what elective course I am to take next term.
我还有决定下学期上哪些选修课。
17. This shows that something unexpected may have turned up.这表明可能出现了意外情况。
●引导词的处理：
●that不译，疑问词译出，whether译为：“是否）。
18. Lei Feng always thought how he could do more for people.雷锋总是想到怎样为人民做更多的事。
19. She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.她从不满足于她取得的成就。
20. Zhang San replied that he was very sorry.张三回答说，他感到很遗憾。
B. 用it 作形式宾语的句子，汉译时，宾语从句可按原文译出，但it 可省译。
21. I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.我让你自己判断，这件事该不该做。
22. I made it clear to the students that they must hand in their assignments before 11 a.m.
我给学生讲明，他们必须在上午11点前交作业。
23. I think it quite true that he ventured out to Shangri-la.他又冒险去香格里拉了，我觉得这件事千真万确。
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C.英语中有时为了修辞强调，把宾语从句置于主句前，汉译时也可遵从该修辞效果，顺序译出。如：
24. Whether they like it or not, I don’t care.他们喜不喜欢，我可不管。
25. What they were asked to do in 10 days, they finished in two.让他们是天做的事，他们两天就做完了。
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I I I.表语从句的译法
一般情况可以按原文译出。
26. That’s what we should do. 这正是我们的本分（应该做的事）。
27. The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last?
今天人人都担心的问题是：这些燃料能维持多久？
28. “If I have seen farther than other man, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants” (Newton)“要说我比别人望得远了一点，那是因为我已经站在了巨人的肩旁上。”（牛顿）
极少数的表语从句也可以按照汉语的表达习惯，把表语从句提前。
29. That is why the “know-all”is ridiculous. “万事通”之所以可笑，原因就在于这个地方。
30. That is why she is so happy. 她如此高兴的原因就在这里。
●表语从句句型译法总结：
●1、在“that (this) is why”结构中，如先译主句，后译从句就成了“这就是为什么……”, “这就
是为什么……的原因（缘故）”；如先译从句，后译主句，常译为“……的原因（理由）就在这里”。
●2、在“that (it) is because…”句型中，常先译主句，后译从句，成为“这是因为……”，“这是因为
（由于）……的缘故”。
●3、在“This is what…”结构中，先主后从就译为“这就是……的（内容）；若先从后主就译为“……
就是这个道理（意思）”。
I V.同位语从句的翻译
●英语中的同位语从句与其所修饰的名词（代词）处于同等地位，对其作进一步的解释。当然，同位语
可以是单词、短语或从句。一般有三种处理方式：
A. 同位语从句不提前
31. There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job. 毫无疑问他能胜任这项工作。
32. Can you produce any evidence that he was not at college that night?
你能不能提出证明，断定那天夜里他不在这儿。
33. I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你也在这儿。
B. 同位语从句提前
34. There can be no doubt that she is competent for this job.她能胜任这项工作，这是毫无疑问的。
35.This is a certainty that socialism will replace capitalism.
社会主义将代替资本主义，这是必然的事。
36. Do away with the mistaken metaphysical notions that “Gold must be pure.”
要打破“金要足赤”的形而上学的错误思想。
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C.把同位语译成独立的句子，在其前加“即”，或在名词之后用冒号或破折号引出同位语从句。
37. We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
我们都熟悉这样一个概念，即一切物质均由原子组成。
38. Through many years’ practice of teaching foreign language, I have derived a new experience that translation is the best possible approach to studying English.
通过多年的外语教学经验，我获得了一条新经验：翻译是学习英语的最好办法。
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39.They marvel at the fact that China did it all on its own.
他们对这个事实感到十分惊讶——所有一切都是中国凭自己的力量完成的。
40. He was allowed to go climbing on condition that he kept near his teachers and classmates.
允许他去爬山的条件是——不能离开老师和同学。
名词性从句的翻译练习
●That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
●It is a common knowledge that weight is a pull exerted on an object by the earth.
●Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate?
●That is where you are wrong.
We had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.名词性从句的翻译
练习答案
1、理论联系实际一直是我们的准则（原则）。
2、重量是地球作用在物体上的引力，这是大家都知道的。
3、你是否已决定提名谁当候选人了？
4、这正是你错的地方。
5、我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。
常见翻译短语和句型
翻译训练 考查词组和句型在具体语境中的运用能力。这类考题所涉及的主要搭配有： be good at （在……方面好，善于） be filled with （充满……） be angry with （对某人发脾气） be pleased with （对……感到满意） be afraid of （害怕） be full of （充满……） be proud of （以……自豪） be interested in （对……感兴趣） be excited about （对……感到兴奋） be late for（……迟到） be kind to（对某人亲切） be bad for（对……有害处） stop…（from）doing sth （阻止……做某事） spend…（in）doing sth（花费时间或金钱做某事） help…doing…（帮助某人做某事） not…until…（直到……才……） so…that…（如此……以致……） such…that…（如此……以致……） too…to… （太……而不能……） prefer doing A to doing B=prefer to do A rather than do B（宁愿做A事而不愿做B事）find it +形容词+to do sth（觉得做某事是……的） It's time to do sth（是做某事的时候了） let's…（我们做……吧）等等 1.接不定式作宾语的常用动词: afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事 agree to do sth. 赞同做某事 arrange to do sth.布置做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 恳求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决议做某事 decide to do sth. 决议做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期望做某事 fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事 help to do sth. 协助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 预备做某事 pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 aim to do sth. 计划做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 盼望做某事
常用翻译技巧
第三章常用翻译技巧 了解和掌握一定的翻译技巧有助于提高我们的翻译能力，一般而言，大致有下述8种基本技巧：1) 选词用字（Diction）2) 增词法（Amplification） 3) 省略法（Omission） 4) 转换法（Conversion）5) 重复法（Repetition） 6)语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译，反说正译（Negation） 8) 长句拆译 (Division) &分清主从（Subordination）。 3．1 选词用字 简而言之就是“choice of words” (选词用字)，就是说，在理解原文时，由于汉、英两种语言在行文用字、表达方式上的差异，对一些词或短语的理解必须结合上下文进行推敲，找出它们的内涵意义（connotation），再在译文中选用恰当的词汇使表达准确而通顺，符合译文习惯。 例1． Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 译1：爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一的东西。×
译2：办事讲究的人买什么都注重少而精，愿买贵的。√ 例2． They want quality, but at a budget price. 译1：他们需要质量，但却要预算价格。× 译2：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。√ 例3．On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides.（政治谈判） (1)“little grace”和“less give”：“几乎没有优雅”、“更少的给予”？言不达意且文脉不通。 (2) 必须推敲它们在此上下文中的具体意义：既然是政治谈判，所谓“优雅”不就是“讲礼貌、讲客气”、“give”不就是“让步、妥协”之意吗？ (3) “less”一词更须注意，它是前面“little”的比较级，说明“give”比“grace”更少。译文如下： 在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气可讲，更谈不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay,
四六级翻译30个常用句型
1)It is+形容词+that It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。 2)It is+形容词+to do/ doing She had said what it was necessary to say. 她已经说了一切有必要说的话。 3)祈使句/名词+and/ or Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination. 努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。 4)as+many/ much+名词+as It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in Lon-don. 据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。 5)倍数词+as+形容词+as The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago. 这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。 6) 倍数词+ more +名词/形容词十than Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents. 吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。 7)(not)as/ so...as(和……(不)一样)
(完整版)初中英语常考句型翻译
初中英语常考句型翻译（一） 1.对于青少年来说，学习如何交友是很重要的。 It ' s important for teenagers to learn how to make friends. 虽然雨下得正大，但是对于他来说，看来不跑完最后的200 米是不可能的。 Although it is raining heavily, it looks that it ' s impossible for him not to finish the last 200 meters. 吃更多的蔬菜是有好处的。 It ' so ogd to eat more vegetables. 对于我们来说拥有充足的睡眠是重要的。 It ' s important for us to have enough sleep. 对于我们来说保持环境清洁是重要的。 It ' s important for us to keep the environment clean. 嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。 It ' s impolite to laugh at disabled people. 进行更多的锻炼对你的健康来说是有益的。 It ' s good for your health to do more exercise. 在太阳下读书对眼睛是有害的。 It ' s bad for eyes to read in the sun. 2.很抱歉，我的自行车坏了。请再等我五分钟。 I ' m sorry, there is something wrong with my bike. Please wait for me five more minutes. 我的电视机坏了，所以我不能看比赛了。 There is something wrong with my TV, so I can ' t watch the match. 我的计算机坏了。你能帮助我修理一下吗？ There is something wrong with my computer. Could you help me mend it? 这台机器坏了。我们最好修理一下它。 There ' s something wrong with this machine. We ' d better mend it. 3.我们应该在适当的时间去晚会,既不能太早，也不能太晚。 We should go to the party just at the right time, neither too early nor too late. 恶劣的天气和穷困的状况都无法改变他在那里教书的决心。 Neither bad weather nor poor condition can change her mind to teach there. 这个社区既不安静也不安全。我不喜欢住在这里。 This neighborhood is neither quiet nor safe. I don ' t like living here. Tom 和Jack 都不喜欢骑自行车上学。 Neither Tom nor Jack likes going to school by bike. 4.六月份的考试一结束我的父母就带我去大连度假。 My parents will take me to Dalian for vacation as soon as the examination in June is over. 你一完成作业就给我打电话。 Please call me up as soon as you finish your homework. 他一看完这张DVD 他就把它借给你。 He will lend this DVD to you as soon as he finishes watching it. 昨天晚上我一到家妈妈就让我准备晚饭。
常用翻译技巧.
1)Diction（选词用字） 2)Amplification（增词法） 3)Omission（省略法） 4)Conversion（转换法） 5)Repetition（重复法） 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation（正说反译，反说正译） 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination（分清主从） 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 意译：办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精，愿买贵的。 √ 例2．They want quality, but at a budget price. 意译：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。√ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人 例3．On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气可讲，更谈
不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 试译：无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州，下榻此处会让你倍感舒适，这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。 例4．New HSR and Maglev would have all-new, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement. 译文：新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统，可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和（威力）强大的加速力。 例6．一幢乡村小学的教学楼，建了7年还是个半拉子工程。 The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a
英语翻译常用句型
翻译中常见的句型 1．否定句型 1）部分否定。其否定意义只局限于整体中的一部分。其形式：“概括词all, every等+not+谓语动词”。常用于该句型词：all, both, everybody, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely, wholly等。 All is not gold that glitters. I do not wholly agree. 2) 完全否定。其形式：no, none 等否定词+肯定式谓语。常用于该句型词：no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, neither, nowhere, nowise, 等。还有一种句型：all等概括词+肯定式谓语+否定意义的词。 No words can describe the scene. 任何言词均不能描绘那景色。 All his plan came to nothing. 3)双重否定 a.主语+cannot+ help/refrain/keep + from + v-ing He could not help showing his pleasure.他不由得喜形于色。 b.主语+cannot+ but/choose but/ help but +do They can not choose but admit that they are wrong. c.(there be) not +主语+but+谓语 (There is )Nobody but has his faults. 人人都有缺点。 2．判断句型 1）强调判断句 a.主语+be+ no/none +other than/but +表语（强调内容） The tall figure that I saw was none other than our commander. b.主语+be+ nothing+(else)but/ else than/ less than+ 表语 Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.天才只不过是劳动加勤奋而已。 c.it is/was +强调部分+that/ who +从句 It is I who am to blame. 2) 正反判断句 a.主语+be +not+表语a, but +表语b What I admire in Columbus is not his discovered a world, but his having gone to search for it on the faith of an opinion. b.(it is) not… that(who) …, but…that (who) Not that we are afraid of them, but that they are afraid of us. 3)比较判断句： a.主语+be less+表语a +than表语b / more+表语b+表语a Experience shows that success is due less to abilities than to zeal. b.主语+be+表语b+ rather than+表语a He is an artist rather than a philosopher. c.主语+be+ not so much +表语a+ as+表语b It is so much advice as approval that he seeks. 他寻求的与其说是忠告，不如说是忠告。3．倍数表示句型： a.主语+be+倍数+that of 被比较对象/ as +形容词+as+被比较对象
常见翻译句型
常见翻译句型 记完常考的重点翻译词汇，也要突击一下常考的翻译句型，连词成句，又稳拿好几分~ 常考句型1： 形式主语it句（it is...(for sb) to do/that...） 例：我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗，这是一定的。 【参考译文】It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city. 常考句型2: 存在句（there be句型） 此处的be可以根据汉语意思变化为各种形式如appear to be, seem to be, happen to be, used to be, ought to be, must be。存在句除了典型的there be结构，还可以用其他的系动词如live，stand，lie，come，exist，remain 等来替换系动词be。 例：那里曾经有来自其他国家的移民。 【参考译文】There used to be immigrants from other countries. 常考句型3：主谓宾结构句
例：中国将加速节能产业的发展，使其到2015年成为国民经济的支柱产业。 【参考译文】China will speed up the development of energy-saving industry and make it a pillar of the national economy by 2015. 常考句型4：比较句 如果汉语句中出现“（不）和/像......一样”，那么可以用同级比较句“主语+谓语+（not）so/as +形容词/副词原级+as+被比较的对象” 例：北京大学是中国成立最早、最著名的大学之一。 【参考译文】Peking University is one of the earliest and most famous universities in China. 其他常考句型 常考句型5：让步状语从句（Although... ; though...） 常考句型6：原因状语从句（...because....） 常考句型7：目的/结果状语从句（so (such)...that...；so that...） 常考句型8：条件状语从句（If...） 常考句型9：递进句（What’s more...；Moreover,...） 常考句型10：结果句（Therefore, ....；..., consequently, ...）
常用的翻译技巧
常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。Le t’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。 1. 这种人闹什么东西呢闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天苍苍, 野茫茫, 风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam. 4. 寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清请, 凄凄惨惨戚戚; 乍暖还寒时侯, 最难将息。(译文1）Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! （译文2）I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. （许渊冲译） 2. 增译法 增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)
英语翻译常用句型(加精)
英语翻译常考句型详解 1.It is not that…but that… 这不是说…，而是说… 「例文」It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of couse much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 「译文」这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。 2.nothing else than 完全是，实在是 「例文」What the man said was nothing else than nonsense. 「译文」那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。 3.as引导的特殊状语从句，翻译时做定语从句处理。 「例文」We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government, will succeed. 「译文」我们希望，政府已经采取的控制物价的措施将取得成功。 4.名词+or+名词结构中，or后的名词是同位语，应译为即…；或者称…. 「例文」Moreover， technology includes techniques , or ways to do things , as well as the manchines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. 「译文」再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些记忆并不一定都需要机器。 5.more…than…结构有三种译法：than连接肯定形式的从句时，该从句译为否定句；在比较的基础上表示选择关系时，可译为与其说…不如说；进行同类比较时，译成比…更. 「例文」The complexity of the human situation and injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches. 「译文」人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革，而一些政客口头上是很不愿意承认这一点的。 「分析」这是一个主从复合句，连词than前为主句，than后为从句。虽然本句是进行程度上的比较，但从句意义是否定的， 故译成否定句。 6.no more …than 与not… any more than no more …than 与not… any more than同义，不可简单地看成是more …than的否定形式。具体地说，这一结构可能是带有一定的感情色彩的否定形式，也可能是一种较特殊的类比形式。其翻译方法有二；表示同类否定比较时，可译为不比…更或都…同样不；表示比喻关系时，可译为正如…不，…也不. 「例文」The food on the ship was no better than on any other ship on which Billy had sailed. 「译文」这条船上(供应的)食品并不如比利工作过的其他船上的(食品)好。(括号里的词是可以省略的。) 「分析」这是一个主从复合句、主句是The food …no better , than on any other ship 是省略了比较对象的比较状语从句，从句on which引导的定语从句修饰先行词ship.本句中no more… than用于同类否定的比较，可译为不如…. 7.not so much as与其说…不如说… 「例文」Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 「译文」新学派科学家说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普遍的东西。 「分析」这是一个主从复合句。插入语they say是主句，Science moves forward,……and tools是宾语从句。not so much……as 连接的是状语，as引导的状语从句中，由于上下文清楚，主谓语都省略了，即as(sciencemoves forward.)because of……not so much……as也可译为与其说……不如说……，它所表达的逻辑关系和more than有相似之处，也是在比较的基础上进行判断和选择，被比较的事物也同属一个范畴。所不同的是，more……than表示前重后轻的逻辑关系，而not so much… as和less than表示前轻后重的逻辑关系，这两个结构中信息重心落在句尾，因此不必倒过来译，只须按原文的词序顺译即可。
常见句型的翻译
常见句型的翻译: 定语从句的翻译 状语从句的翻译 名词性从句的翻译 长句子的翻译 定语从句的译法:Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate translation of attribute clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meaning such as purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no post-posi tion attributive and there can’t be too many modifiers preceding the modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses. I、译成前置定语 一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还有一些定语从句，虽然并不明显地带有限制性质，但本身较短，和被修饰语的关系紧密，也可译成前置定语。 1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。 2. This is the solider who just returned from the front. 这是刚从前线回来的战士。 3. 成都 一个你来了就不想离开的城市。 Chengdu—A city you will never want to say goodbye after arrival. 4. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。 当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句，对先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用，有时也可以译为前置定语。 5. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。 6. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。 II . 译成后置定语 A、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独立性的限制性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列句。采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，比如：有时可在此词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代词“他”、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。 7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。8. Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成的。 9. But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem. 听着，我遇见一个人，这个人说你是有权解决这个问题的。 10. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas. 日光来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热、发光的气体。 B、非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词加以说明，描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈述的事实或现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如： 11.He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair. 他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。
翻译的八大常用技巧
1. 重译法：为了明确、为了强调、为了生动 2. 增译法：为了更忠实于原文的意思，而又更合乎译文的表达习惯 3. 减译法：源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法 4. 词类转移法：语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变，词序有时也随之变化 5. 词序调整法：语言之间构成形式并非完全相同，做必不可少的词序改变 6. 分译法：主要用于长句的翻译，有时存在于词语语义的分译 7. 正反翻译法：由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说，反话正说 8. 语态变换法：主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换 In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal. 一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 A large family has its difficulties. 大（家庭）有大（家庭）的难处。 Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. 这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了。 Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.
英语高考常用句型翻译
?高中英语常用50句句型翻译 1、你没有必要提前预定音乐会的票（need n.） There is no need for you to book the ticket for the concert in advance. 2、在专家面前班门弄斧是没有好处的(good n. show) It is no good showing off in the presence of so many experts. 3、如果你不能集中精神学习，熬夜是没有用的(use) It is no use staying up late if you can’t focus your attention on your study. 4、抱怨交通状况是浪费时间(waste) It’s a waste of time making complaints about the transportation system. 5、我觉得你有必要在应聘之前接受一些训练(it) I find it necessary for you to have some training before you apply for a new job. 6、我突然想起来我忘记提醒班长集合的时间了(occur) It suddenly occurred to me that i forgot to remind the monitor of the gathering time. 7、似乎John对於赢得胜利没有什麽信心，你最好对他说些鼓励的话 It seems that John is not very’d better say a few encouraging words to him. 8、第一眼见到她，我就忍不住爱上她了(the first time) The first time i saw her, i couldn’t help falling in love with her. 9、你在阅读上花时间越多，取得进步越大 The more time you spend in reading, the more rapid progress you will make. 10、他获得成功的原因是他从不丧失信心，从不半途而废(halfway) The reason why he achieved success was that he never lost heart and gave up halfway. 11、重要的不是你说些什麽而是你如何演讲(matter) What matters is not what’s in your speech but how you deliver your speech. 12、再努力一下，你就能成功(effort) Make another effort, and you’ll succeed. 13、尽管教学经验不足，他总是全力以赴的满足学生的需求(spare) In spite of the fact that he lacks teaching experience, he spares no effort to meet the demand of his student. 14、不可否认，他的勇气和坚持为他赢得了很高的声誉(deny)
大学英语4-6级常用翻译句型
大学英语6级必考句型 1、as 句型： (1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……；正如……” 例：We do farm work as the old peasant teaches us. As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像) 你们国家一样.. (2) as＋形容词／副词原级＋（a ／an）＋名词＋as ; 否定式：not as/so --- as 例：He is as good a player as his sister． (3) As it is =as things are 照现在的情形看 Leave the house as it is. I’d like to buy it as it is. (4) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于…… 例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said. (5) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于…… 例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box. (6) such --- as--- 象……之类的……（接名词或定语从句） 例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. 他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。 (7) the same ＋名词＋as 和……一样的……（接名词或定语从句） 例：He is not the same man as he used to be . (8) as 引导非限制性定语从句 例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.