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200803中级口译试题

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(45 minutes)

Part A: Spot Dictation ONLY ONCE

How did the Olympic Games start? In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong _______(1). Originally the Festival was held in honour of .Zeus, the supreme god in Greek Mythology. Eventually the Olympian athletic festival had lost its _______(2) and became an international event. No one knows exactly ________ (3) the Olympic Games go, but some scholars recorded date from 776 B.C. According to some scholars, at first the only Olympic event was _______(4), called a stadium and that was the only event until 724 B.C. After that, other _______(5) were added and sixteen years later in _______ (6) the pentathlon was added and wrestling became part of the games. This pentathlon was a five-event match which ________ (7) running, wrestling, leaping, throwing the discus, and hurling the javelin.

The games were held _______(8) and after an uninterrupted history of 1170 years, the games _______(9) in A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan origin.

It was over ________ (10) before there was another such international athletics gathering. In 1896, the first of the modern ________ (11) opened in Athens, Greece.

Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries___(12). The host country provides vast facilities such as stadiums and____(13).Many more sports are represented, including the very celebrated event:___ (14). The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, ______ (15) on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. The torch is carried by ______(16) to the stadium. The Olympic flame symbolizes the _____(17) of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until _____(18). The well-known Olympic flag, however, is _____(19): the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents _____(20).

Part B: Listening Comprehension

1. Statements ONLY ONCE

1.(A) Diana is fond of outdoor activities. (B) Diana is well-paid for her hard work.

2.(A) I'm not sure if you are responsible. (B) I'm not content with the result of the meeting.

3.(A) The refrigerator was repaired by an old man.

(B) The refrigerator will be fixed if it is under warranty.

(D) Mrs. Green would have had the refrigerator repaired if she had warranty.

4.(A) George always tells the truth. (B) George lives too far to visit us.

5.(A) The company's budget must be reduced reasonably next year.

(B) The company's production cost is expected to rise next year.

(D) The company is likely to go bankrupt because of its limited budget.

6.(A) Prompt delivery of the goods before Christmas is the most important.

(B) Top priority should be given to the competitive and reasonable price of the goods

(D) Nothing is more important than the quality and price of the goods for Christmas.

7.(A) Let's continue the talk over dinner at 9 o'clock tonight.

(B) We have to work something out before 9 o'clock tomorrow.

(D) I'm sure we'll all calm down before 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.

8.(A) Our products cannot compete on the international market because of their higher prices.

(B) Our products exhibit greater competitiveness even though they lack advanced technology.

(D) Advanced technology contributes to the excellence and competitiveness of our products.

9.(A) Mr Parkinson never gives free investment consultations.

(B) Don't consult Mr Parkinson if your problem is about finance or investment

(D) We should not invest in the company where Mr Parkinson is the CEO.

10.(A) Aging population is expected to double within decades.

(B) By 2020, 45% of the people in the country will be over sixty-five.

(D) In less than 20 years, 23 million more people will have to retire.

2. Talks and Conversations ONLY ONCE.

Questions 11-14

11.(A) 400. (B) 450. (C) 500. (D) 600.

12.(A) It is very near his working place. (B) It is a rather crowded residential area.

13.(A) He has a big family. (B) He has to work at home.

14.(A) Its bedrooms are specious. (B) Its rent is quite reasonable.

Questions 15-18

15.(A) The orange juice can help treat indigestion. (B) The orange in a supermarket is much cheaper.

16.(A) Orange. (B) Chocolate. (C) Vanilla. (D) Sugar.

17.(A) It can keep your immune system strong. (B) It can assist in your effort to reduce weight.

18.(A)The fruit sugar in oranges. (B)The fibre in oranges. (C)Vitamin C in oranges. (D)Calcium in oranges. Questions 19-22

19.(A) He is applying to a university in England. (B) He is consulting a female professor.

20.(A) It is awful. (B) It is one of his favorite kinds.

21.(A) He is fond of English dishes. (B) He is tired of puddings and pies.

22.(A) Because it is properly cooked at home. (B) Because it is a kind of Yorkshire pudding.

Questions 23-26

23.(A) We should pay more attention to our history class.

(B) We generally fail to remember anything that was said.

(D) Good listening skills are essential in our life.

24.(A) They tolerate distractions. (B) They often find themselves in hot water.

25.(A) By taking notes. (B) By remembering what was said.

26.(A) Seas. (B) Sharks. (C) Sponges. (D) Students.

Questions 27-30

27.(A) He writes comic stories. (B) He draws pictures for comic books.

28.(A) Give his drawings a more graphic look. (B) Add variations to his works.

29.(A) They are very popular. (B) They are of the same style.

30.(A) It is a new one with only 2 editors. (B) It takes him on the permanent staff.

Part C: Listening and Translation

I. Sentence Translation ONLY ONCE. translate it into Chinese

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

II. Passage Translation 2 passages in English. ONLY ONCE. translate it into Chinese

(1)

(2)

SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS(45 minutes)

Questions 1-5

Last month, upon hearing that a neighbor had been burgled, my husband voiced a desire to beef up our home security. I was largely unresponsive. The previous owners of our house installed a burglar alarm system, but we never got it switched on, because, quoting Ed, I apparently care more about the $29 monthly fee than I do about our home security. In the end, I gave in.

The alarm company sent over a sales representative, a well-coiffed professional in a suit and heels. She recommended adding some infrared motion sensors. I was not wild about this. I like to keep things simple. My idea of home security is to hire cheap, disreputable painters who can be counted upon to paint the windows shut. "Besides, can't the motion sensors be set off by a pet?" I said.

Ed leaned in close to the sales rep. "We don't have any pets," he whispered. "We don't have a pet now'' I said." But we might someday." I knew this to be a lie. Ed is a dog person, and I'm a cat person. We cancel each other out.

I pointed out that every now and then, the neighbors' cat, Sprinkles, will sneak into the house when the back door is open. The alarm woman started talking about "pet resistance." This was a feature of the motion sensor whereby it was set to cover the room from the waist up only. "Though of course...," she hesitated, "the cat would have to stay on the ground at all times."

We got the sensors, and we got the system switched on. We never got a pet, each of us practicing his or her own particular brand of pet resistance, but we did, after many years of cost-based bickering, get a housecleaner. Every other month, Natalia can be seen making her way through the filth and cobwebs. I gave her the alarm code but promised to leave the alarm off the day she came.

Naturally, I forgot. Later that morning, my work phone rang. It was Natalia, yelling in harmony with the shrieking of the alarm. She couldn't find the code. On top of all this, my cell phone started ringing. This was the alarm company, responding to the alarm and calling me to get the secret password-which was different from the shutoff code-required for them to shut off the system and prevent the police from rushing over to arrest Natalia for breaking and entering.

Some weeks back, Ed and I had spent 15 minutes arguing over the secret password for the alarm. Ed is a fan of the complicated, hacker-proof, identity-theft-foiling password, the kind that involves alternating capital and lowercase letters with obscure foreign accent marks, whereas I'll use my name. I had no recollection of what we'd settled on. "Ummmm." The alarm, and Natalia, continued to go off. This went on for some time. Meanwhile, Natalia had dug through her bag, found the piece of paper I'd given her with the shutoff code and quieted the screaming alarm. I don't know how effective these alarms are against burglars, but Sprinkles hasn't been seen on the property in weeks.

1.Why didn't the writer get the burglar alarm system switched on?

(A) Because she didn't like its design.

(B) Because the burglar alarm system had broken down.

(D) Because she thought their home security was not a problem.

2.The family didn't have a pet because _______.

(A) they didn't like pets (B) they didn't like each other's favorite animal

3.According to the sales representative, the motion sensor _______.

(A) is pet resistant (B) is set to cover the room floor

4.The word "bickering" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.

(A) arguing (B) considering (C) persuading (D) consulting

5.Ed preferred their password for the alarm to be _______.

(A) complicated (B) interesting (C) easy to remember (D) his own name

Questions 6-10

An article published recently in the prestigious scientific journal Nature is shedding new light on an important, but hitherto little has been appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a crucial factor in the development of our species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical features that make them surprisingly good runners. 'We are very confident that strong selection for running-which came at the expense of the historical ability to live in trees-was instrumental in the origin of the modern human body form,' says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah.

Traditional thinking up to now has been that the distinctive, upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking. Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running, or sprinting, over short distances. Even an Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen seconds or so. Horses, antelopes and greyhounds, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can maintain a steady pace for miles, and their overall speed compares favourably with that of horses or dogs.

Bramble and Lieberman examined twenty-six anatomical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament, a band of tissue that extends from a ridge on the base of the skull to the spine. When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates, although the fossil record shows that Homo erectus, an early human species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons at the backs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bones-and which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to propel us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls, another anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more efficiently. Add to this our light forearms, which swing out of phase with the movement of our legs to assist balance, and one begins to appreciate the point that Bramble and Lieberman are trying to make.

But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? One hypothesis is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. 'What these features and fossil facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other carnivores for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today,' says Lieberman.

6.The human ability to run ______.

(A) was only recently described in a scientific journal

(B) played an important part in human evolution

(D) is surprising when we consider evolutionary trends

7.According to the passage, humans ______.

(A) are better runners than most other animals (B) are not good at running short distances

8.It appears that the nuchal ligament _______.

(A) is found only in modern primates (B) enables us to run with steady heads

9.The passage suggests that _______.

(A) we do not need calf muscles in order to walk (B) without shoulders we could not run very fast

10.According to the passage, early humans _______.

(A) killed animals by exhausting them (B) may have evolved big brains for running

Questions 11-15

People value money desperately because they value one another desperately; thus the cause of panic in the stock-market plunge is not that people will lose their dollars but that they will lose their sense of community. For the past couple of weeks, the nation has watched itself roll toward ruin because people were losing their money in bales. If one were tasteless enough to ask a big loser what exactly he was losing, he would sputter, "What am I losing? My car! My beautiful home! My children's educations! My clothes! My dinner! My dollars!" They are all true. People have been mourning the passing of their money for all the things that money can do, and what money can do is impressive. Money can build cities, cure diseases, and win wars. The sudden acquisition of the stuff can toss our spirits into the air like a hat.

Money can do considerably more. It offers power, an almost unique form of power, not simply because it allows us to acquire and possess things but because it is we who determine its worth; we who say a ruby costs more than an apple; we who decide that a tennis court is more valuable than a book. Paradoxically, money creates a deep sense of powerlessness as well, since technically we cannot provide money for ourselves; someone or something else must do that for us-our employers or, until recently, our stocks. All that, money can do: and when such essential, familiar functions are snatched from one's life, small wonder that people may grow wild, frantic, and even murderous.

What money can do, however, is not the same as what money is. Let's return for a moment to the theory: people value money because they value one another. In other words, the usefulness of money is directly related to and established by continuous mutual need. People work for money to buy things that other people make or do, things that they cannot or will not make or do for themselves but that they deem necessary for some definition of self-improvement.

Abstractly, money is one of the ways, indeed a universally accepted way, by which we make connections. Cash is cold. So the connections may feel cold, but real blood flows through them. These connections constitute one of the central means by which societies cohere; by which they sustain and characterize themselves.

When the coin begins to wobble, as it has in the past weeks, a fear seizes the mind that is disorienting. The fear is not merely that of the loss of possessions but of self-possession, which in some sense is bought and sold from person to person in infinite daily bargains. To lose money is frightening. To lose touch with others is more frightening still. Losing touch may cause the panic of the times.

11.This passage mainly discusses _______.

(A) the functions of money (B) the stock-market plunge

12.According to the author, what can be a regular source of money provided for us?

(A) Possessions. (B) Bargains. (C) Stocks. (D) Employers.

13.According to the passage, money can do all the following EXCEPT _______.

(A) build cities and cure diseases (B) enhance relationships among people

14.Under what circumstances are connections related to cash said to be cold in the passage?

(A) When they are not established for societies to cohere.

(B) When they are not compared to "real blood".

(D) When their worth is hard to determine and not valued.

15.It can be learned from the passage that ______.

(A) people worry about the dollars they have more than the sense of community

(B) money can lubricate the social machine but it cannot prove the value of people

(D) losing money is more frightening than losing touch with others

Questions 16-20

At first glance, why anyone would want to save California condors is not entirely clear. Unlike the closely related Andean condors with their white neck fluff or king vultures with their brilliant black-and-white colour, California condors are not much to see. Their dull black colour-even when contrasted with white underwings-featherless head and neck, oversized feet and blunt talons are hardly signs of beauty or strength. Their appeal begins to become evident when they take flights. California condors can soar almost effortlessly for hours, often covering hundreds of miles a day-far more than other creatures of the air. Only occasionally do they need to flap their wings-to take off, change direction or find a band of warm air known as thermal to carry them higher.

When it was discovered that the condor population was becoming dangerously small, scientists and zookeepers sought to increase condor numbers quickly to preserve as much of the species' genetic diversity as possible. From studying wild condors, they already knew that if a pair lost an egg, the birds would often produce another. So the first and sometimes second eggs laid by each female in captivity were removed, artificially incubated, and the chicks raised using hand-held puppets made to look like adult condors. Such techniques quickly proved effective.

Despite these successes, the effort to save California condors continues to have problems, evoke criticisms and generate controversy. Captive-hatched condors released to the wild have died at what to some people

are alarmingly high rates. Others have had to be recaptured after they acted foolishly or became ill. As a result, the scientists, zookeepers and conservationists who are concerned about condors have bickered among themselves over the best ways to rear and release the birds.

Some of the odd behavior on the part of these re-released birds is hard to explain. At times they landed on people's houses and garages, walked across roads and airport runways, sauntered into park visitor centers and fast food restaurants, and took food offered by picnickers and fishermen. None are known to have died by doing so, though. Most recently, some of the first chicks hatched in the wild died after their parents fed them bottle caps, glass shards, pieces of plastic and other man-made objects that fatally perforated or blocked their intestines. These deaths may be due to the chicks' parents mistaking man-made objects for bone chips eaten for their calcium content.

Mike Wallace, a wildlife specialist at the San Diego Zoo, has suggested that some of the condors' problems represent natural behavior that helps them survive as carrion eaters. The real key to successful condor reintroduction, he believes, lies in properly socializing young condors as members of a group that follow and learn from older, preferably adult birds. That, he argues, was missing from earlier condor releases to the wild. Typically, condors hatched in the spring were released to the wild that autumn or winter, when they were still less than a year old. Now, condor chicks at several zoos are raised in cave-like nest boxes. The chicks can see older condors in a large flight pen outside their box but cannot interact with them until they are about five months old. Then the chicks are gradually released into the pen and the company of the social group. The group includes adult and older juvenile condors that act as mentors for younger ones.

16.According to the passage, the most impressive feature of the California condor is _______.

(A) its resemblance to Andean condor (B) its ability to glide

17.In the first stage of the conservation program _______.

(A) eggs were removed from the nests of wild condors

(B) female condors were captured and studied carefully

(D) condors were induced to lay more than one egg

18.Which of the following is true about the attempts to save these birds from extinction?

(A) There is disagreement about the methods employed.

(B) The majority of condors released into the wild became ill.

(D) Condors reintroduced into the wild are unable to hunt.

19.Some chicks hatched by re-released condors died because _______.

(A) they fell into pools of water (B) they fell prey to other animals

20.According to Mike Wallace, there will be fewer problems _______.

(A) if young condors are taught not to eat so much carrion

(B) if the chicks are kept in cave-like nest boxes for five months

(D) if the chicks can have older birds for company when they hatch

Questions 21-25

We are not who we think we are.

The American self-image is suffused with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable-a place where brains, energy and ambition are what counts, not the circumstances of one's birth.

The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research initiative led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: "The 'rags to riches'

story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top.

That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom fifth of the study sample, in terms of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top fifth. Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into that lowest quintile are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.

It is noted that even in Britain-a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound class system-children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the three studies were released, most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.

One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans.

The picture that emerges from all the quintiles, correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, overall, "the current generation of adults is better off than the previous one", as one of the studies notes.

The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children's median family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising tide has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have seen far greater income gains than have the poor.

Even more troubling is that our notion of America as the land of opportunity gets little support from the data. Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is "stickiness at the ends" - four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out often who are born rich will stay rich.

21.What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research?

(A) Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top.

(B) Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches.

(D)The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites.

22.The word "quintile" (para.4) refers to _______ in the passage.

(A) the bottom fifth (B) the study data (C) the sample group (D) the lowest family income

23.It can be inferred from the undertone of the writer that America, as a classless society, should__

(A) perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity

(B) have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain

(D) encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation

24.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

(A) The US is a land where brains, energy and ambition are what counts.

(B) Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains.

(D) Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder.

25.What might be the best title for this passage?

(A) Social Upward Mobility. (B) Incredible Income Gains.

Questions 26-30

I am always a little puzzled when I hear people complain about the difficulties of finding a good job. Young people in their 20s express dissatisfaction that all the good jobs have been taken by those in their 40s. People in their 40s, trapped in the middle groups of the workforce, complain about waiting for their elders to make room for them at the top. Older employees worry about being forced out of the job market prematurely by younger people willing to work at entry-level wages. It is not a pretty picture.

But I do not buy it. In my view, differences between generations are not a problem but an opportunity-if you remember to apply some basic principles of self-marketing. Most of us learned from Marketing 101 textbooks that there are four phases in the life cycle of a product or brand. The names may differ, but essentially the four phases are Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline. As a manager of high-profile athletes for more than 30 years, I know that these four phases certainly apply to the career and marketability of an athlete.

An athlete's introduction or start-up phase is when he or she starts competing, does well and captures the attention of people in the sport. Introduction turns into the growth phase when the athlete goes from being a promising performer to an established star. That's when everybody wants a piece of the athlete's time and he must stay focused on his primary talent and not get distracted by side issues.

For an athlete, the toughest thing about the mature phase may simply be recognizing that he or she is in it. If you're marketing a bar of soap it is easy to tell if the product is mature. It is there in the stagnant or shrinking sales figures. It is different with athletes. Not only do they think the growth phase will never end, but they often deny that there is any decrease in their athletic skills or marketability, no matter what the numbers say.

The decline phase for an athlete may sound harsh, but it doesn't have to be if he or she thinks of it as a reflective phase. In this phase an athlete can have tremendous future as a legendary figure who functions as an ambassador for his or her sport. If you substitute "employee" for "athlete" in these examples, these four phases apply to any individual's career.

I genuinely believe that whenever people face a career crisis, a big reason is because they are "out of phase." I have always been a tremendous advocate of recruiting older workers. With the massive downsizing of corporate America, there are tens of thousands of talented men and women over the age of 50 who feel shut out of the work-place. To me, these people are a gold mine-not because they are available but rather because they possess the qualities that employees in the introduction and growth phases lack, namely wisdom and experience. And since many of them received generous early-retirement packages, money is not their sole motivation. In other words, they are affordable.

If I were marketing myself in the mature phase, I'd focus on these qualities. Wisdom, experience and affordability make up a potent package. But you can not do that unless you first recognize and fully appreciate the phase you are in.

26.What can be concluded from the passage?

(A) Most young people cannot find a job if they don't study the four phase theory.

(B) Young people with good jobs have studied the four phase theory.

(D) Older employees will be forced out of job market by the young.

27.Who are complaining about the difficulties of getting a good job at the top?

(A) Young people hopping from job to job.

(B) People in their forties.

(D) People not completing the four phases in their career cycle.

28.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?

(A) One generation's ambition will sooner or later become a reality.

(B) Finding a good job mainly depends on one's age.

(D) The marketability of a product can be compared with that of an athlete.

29.According to the author, in which of the four phases can an athlete have a tremendous appeal?

(A) Introduction phase. (B) Growth phase. (C) Mature phase. (D) Decline phase.

30.The author thinks highly of older employees because _______.

(A) they are good at marketing themselves

(B) they are obedient and can be easily controlled

(D) they have more wisdom, experience and affordability

SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes) Translate the following passage into Chinese Imagine you have two candidates for a job. Their CVs are equally good, and they both give good interview. You cannot help noticing, though, that one is pug-ugly and the other is handsome. Are you swayed by their appearance?

If you were swayed by someone’s looks, would that be wrong? In the past, people often equated beauty with virtue and ugliness with vice.

Even now, the expression “as ugly as sin” has not quite passed from the language. There is, of course, the equally famous expression “beauty is in the eye of the beholder”, to counter it. Most beholders agree what is beautiful-and modern biology suggests there is a good reason for that agreement. Biology also suggests that beauty may, indeed, be a good rule of thumb for assessing someone of either sex. Not an infallible one, and certainly no substitute for an in-depth investigation. But, nevertheless, an instinctive one, and one that is bound to contribute to the advantage of the physically well endowed.

SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 minutes) Translate the following passage into English

我国首次月球探测工程的成功,实现了中华民族的千年奔月梦想,开启了中国人走向深空探索宇宙奥秘的时代,标志着我国已经进入世界具有深空探测能力的国家行列。这是我国推进自主创新、建设创新型国家取得的又一标志性成果，是中华民族在攀登世界科技高峰征程上实现的又一历史性跨越，是中华民族为人类和平开发利用外层空间作出的又一重大贡献。全体中华儿女都为我们伟大祖国取得的这一辉煌成就感到骄傲和自豪！

【DF】2011年3月上海中级口译真题及答案

沪江英语绿宝书之 2011年3月上海中级口译考试听力原文及解析 SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. My topic for today?s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different national backgrounds. National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate, but there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another?s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior. So can age. The customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures. Gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and socio-economic background are just a few. All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality. It?s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate.A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul. An African American who grew up in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in a country like France where African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States. The norms and values we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, …culture is communication and communication is culture.?

口译考试准备

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中级口译历年真题--翻译篇 2012年春季（3月）英译汉原文： When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960′s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it we re the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. 英译汉参考译文：我年轻的时候，有本非常好的杂志《全球目录》，这是我们那代人的“圣经”之一。杂志的创办人是斯图尔特·布兰德，创办地是在离这里不远的门罗公园，他赋予了这本杂志诗一样的美感。六十年代后期，个人电脑和桌面排版尚未出现，所以这本杂志完全利用打字机、剪刀、偏光镜来完成，有点像平装本的谷歌，却出现在谷歌问世三十五年前。这本杂志充满了理想色彩，充满了整齐利落的工具、不同寻常的见解。斯图尔特和他的团队出版了几期《全球目录》，在它完成使命后，他们出版了最后一期杂志。那是在七十年代中期，那时我和你们的年龄相仿。杂志最后一期的封底上是张清晨的乡村公路的照片，那样的路，如果你有些冒险精神，可能会一路搭车走过。照片下面有两句话：“求知若饥，虚怀若愚”，这是他们停刊的告别语，“求知若饥，虚怀若愚”，我总是以此鼓励自己。现在，当你们即将毕业踏上新的旅程，我给予你们同样的期望。翻译评析：这篇短文取自于乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲。语言比较口语化，词汇不难。因为是演讲类短文，所以考生在翻译的时候大可以顺序驱动。节选的这个短文有几处的词汇和短语大家可以注意下： poetic：充满诗情画意的 idealistic: 理想主义的 run his course: 完成使命 hitchhiking: 搭乘 sign off: 停止签发，停止汉译英：吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。参考译文： Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about the prevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31st in every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well

英语中级口译模拟测试

Model Test One Since we arrived, the gracious hospitality with which we have been received has been truly heartwarming. // A Chinese proverb best describes my feeling: "When the visitor arrives, it is as if returning home." // One of the purposes of my visit was to make new friends, but I'm very pleased to find that instead of making friends, 1 am among friends. // And I'm also very pleased with our cooperation in the joint venture which has been very successful: We both gained and profited, and we both survived the fierce competition in the world market. Ladies and gentlemen, I suppose you've all read the report about the restructuring of the group's organization, which has given rise to the problem of relocating the new group. // One possibility is to move all the head offices to Shanghai, and that is basically what the report recommends. // Alternatively, we could continue to run the two companies quite separately in their present locations with the smaller one in Shanghai. // I'm not sure how efficient the second option would be, but I'd like to hear your opinions on the subject. 自从我们到达时,我们的盛情款待收到已经真正感人的。/ / 中国谚语最好描述我的感觉:“当客人到达时,就好像回家。" / / 我访问的目的之一是结交新朋友,但我很高兴发现交朋友,而是朋友之间的1点。/ / 我也非常高兴我们的合作的合资企业非常成功:我们都上涨,获利,我们都在世界市场竞争激烈。女士们,先生们,我想你们都读汇报集团组织的重组,这催生了搬迁新集团的问题。/ / 一种可能性是所有总部搬到上海,这基本上是报告建议。/ / 或者,我们可以继续运行这两家公司分别在他们现在的位置与规模较小的一个在上海。/ / 我不知道第二选择是有效的,但是我想听听你的意见。 Passage 1 中国有一句话是这么说的,“上有天堂,下有苏杭。”// 这句话毫无夸张之意,苏杭这两座邻近上海的历史名城以其秀丽的景色每年吸引了数以百万计的海内外游客。//例如,中国南方园林建筑艺术的典范、迷人的苏州造景园林在有限的空间里造就了无数自然景观。//园林的池塘、河水、石头、花朵、树木给游客带来了如诗般的意境,这确实是赴苏州观光的必游之地。 China has a word says, "above there is heaven and below there are suzhou and hangzhou." / / The meaning of this sentence without exaggeration, suzhou and hangzhou, two famous historical cities near Shanghai for its beautiful scenery every year attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad. / / For example, the apotheosis of the art of building gardens in south China, the charming landscape gardens in suzhou in limited space has created numerous natural landscape. / Garden pond, river, stones, flowers, trees gave visitors a poetic artistic conception, it is to