搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 汉英翻译练习20段

汉英翻译练习20段

汉英翻译练习20段
汉英翻译练习20段

1过年

在从前的农业社会里,中国人最重要的节日就是过年。对过去的一年来说,这是结束;对未来的一年来说,这是开始。一进入腊月,街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛,这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。大家不仅借着各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳,同时也在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。过年时,每家门上都贴上了春联,耀眼的红纸增加了人们的喜气,优美的字句提供了勉励。

Spring Festival

In China’s formerly agricultural society, Spring Festival was the most important holiday. It was the end of the previous year and the beginning of the next. When the twelfth month of the lunar year began, the happiness of new-year celebration pervaded the streets for a month and a half. People sought relief from the previous year’s scrolls were put on the doors of every family in Spring Festival: the shiny red scrolls increasing happiness and the rhythmic words giving encouragement.

2亚欧合作

中国有句古话:“相知无远近,万里尚为邻”。中国与亚洲各国山水相连,共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明;古老而美丽的“丝绸之路”,谱写了中欧千年往来的美好篇章。中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步入下一个全新的阶段。中国将致力于同亚欧各国发展富有活力和长期稳定的全面合作关系,与亚欧各国相互支持,携手前进,共创美好未来。

Euro-Asian Cooperation

In China, there is an old saying, “Long distances never separate close friends.”Linked and intertwined by mountains and rivers, China and other Asian countries have helped to build a splendid Asian civilization. The ancient Silk Road recorded great chapters in the history of exchange between China and Europe in previous millennia. Now, China and other Asian countries as well as European countries have marched into a brand-new ear of cooperation and mutual benefit. China will devote itself to building dynamic, stable, and long-term cooperation in various fields across Asia and Europe and marching forward, with other countries on the two continents, in a concerted effort to attain a brighter future.

3四合院

中国旧时家庭重视家庭成员间的长幼有序和伦理观念,其住宅为了适应这种需要建成了四合院。在高高的基地上,中间是正房,两边是厢房。房屋的分配按辈分的大小来决定,长辈住正房,晚辈住厢房。富贵人家的房屋也是四合院,只是院落较多而已。宫廷和寺庙,院落更大,一道一道地进去,更使人有种庄严高贵的感觉。随着时代的演变,现在中国都市里的房屋很多已经西化了,虽然住进了一排排的公寓,但是他们生活的方式仍然保持着过去的优良传统。

Quadrangle Courtyard

Quadrangle courtyards were designed by the Chinese to meet the needs both of ancient family hierarchy and of concepts of civil ethics. The principal room in the courtyard is located in the middle, on a high foundation with wing-rooms on both sides. These rooms were distributed according to seniority in the family, with the elders living in the principal rooms and the juniors in the wing-rooms. The rich family used the same style of home with more rooms, which corresponded with the wealth of family. Even Chinese palaces and temples boast huge courtyards. To be entered one by one, and designed to fill the entrants with a sense of solemnity and nobleness. With the change of the times, many houses in Chinese cities have become westernized. Though living in the apartments, the Chinese still preserve their good traditional ways of living.

4文化沙漠

有人把香港说成是“文化沙漠”。实际上,香港有着其独特的文化氛围。这座城市特殊的历史和地理因素造就了一种多样化的文化。香港的电影制作名列世界前茅。其流行歌曲在全球华人中有着广泛的影响,而且还有八所知名的大学。每年一度由政府主办的艺术嘉年华为当地艺术家展示其独创性提供了一个广阔的平台,并鼓励更多人参与文化艺术创作,为中国的文化繁荣作出了许多创新和突破。

Cultural Desert

Hong Kong is called by some people a “cultural desert”. As a matter of fact, Hong Kong enjoys a unique cultural setting. The diversified culture of Hong Kong can be attributed to its special history and location. In terms of film-making, it ranks among the top locations in the world, and its pop songs have had an extensive influence among Chinese globally. Moreover, there are also eight well-known universities in Hong Kong. An annual art carnival hosted by the government has provided a broad stage for local artists to exhibit their originality and encouraged more people to get involved in the production of cultural and art works, thus fostering innovation and breakthrough for the prosperity of Chinese culture.

5婚姻

中国人称结婚为中国大事,国为中国人的家庭观念很重,认为齐家是治国的根本。中国感人不断告诉读书人,要想替国家做事,必须先把家庭治理好。中国人不仅把婚姻看成一男一女的结合,还把它当作社会的基础,是很庄重的事,一点也不能马虎。旧式的中国婚姻,并不是自己选择,而是由家长做主,还需要媒人的介绍。到了现代,婚姻由自己做主,但是仍要征求家长同意。

Marriage

Chinese people define marriage as a lifelong event, because they have a strong family ideal, with the belief that running a good family is the foundation for running the country. Chinese ancients kept warning scholars that they should run their families well before they could work for the country. Therefore, Chinese people regard marriage not only as the union of a man and a woman, but also as the foundation of society, which should be treated with solemnity and without the least rashness. In old Chinese marriage arrangements, one didn’t choose his or her spouse, who was instead arranged by the parents with the help of matchmakers. In modern times, one chooses his or her own marriage partner, but still with the assent of the parents.

6.上海

上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市。改革开放以来,上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展,社会秩序稳定,人民安居乐业,呈现出一片繁华景象。今天,尽管上海还有着不少色彩斑斓的过去可以留恋和回味,但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月,浦东展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日,光芒四射,鲜艳夺目。

Shanghai

Shanghai is a dynamic, vigorous and versatile international metropolis. Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy, shanghai has witnessed tremendous changes which attracted worldwide attention. The economy is developing rapidly, social order is stable, and the people live and work in peace and contentment, presenting a scene of prosperity. Today, while Shanghai has many remnants of its colorful past for people to ponder over, its ever-changing outlook has filled more and more people with great admiration. Puxi exhibits the city’s glorious past, and Pudong unfolds its bright future. Shanghai is like a rising sun, shining with boundless radiance and brilliant color.

7.中国人的住宅

以前中国人在盖房子的时候,都要先请人看分水,看似迷信,也并非没有道理。按照中国人的想法,任何建筑物都不应该破坏大自然的和谐,而且要让建筑物和大自然融为一体。住在这种房子里的人,会觉得自己不是关在笼子里,而是生活在宁静的大自然里面。所以,中国人盖房子,通常都坐北朝南,以便接受冬天的阳光与夏日的清风。这种房子冬暖夏凉,住在里面非常舒服。

Chinese Housing

Chinese people used to invite experts to advise them in feng shui principle before building a house. It seems to be superstitious, but somehow makes

sense. According to the Chinese people, no building should mar the harmony of the nature, but instead blend into nature. Those living in such houses would not feel confined in cages, but as if they were living in serene nature. Thus, Chinese house usually face the south so as to have warm sunshine in winter and cool breezes in summer. The house, warm in winter and cool in summer, is comfortable for accommodation.

8.苏州

苏州地处长江下游,气候温和,土地肥沃,再加上湖泊密布、水道纵横,自唐代以来就有“鱼米之乡”的美称。历史记载表明,早在两千多年前的春秋战国时期,这一带的渔业已经相当发达。苏州还是一个多水多桥、引人入胜的风光城市。居民住房前有街后临桥,水道、街坊相交处都建有桥梁。现存的宋代石刻“平江图”上注明的就有304座桥。

Suzhou

Situated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and blessed with a mild climate, fertile and soil, and numerous lakes and waterways across the region, Suzhou has enjoyed a reputation as “a land of milk and honey” ever since the Tang Dynasty. Historical records show that the region was fairly advanced in fishery and farming in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States over 2000 years ago. Suzhou is a fascinating city of tourist attractions, dotted with bridges at the backdoors. Bridges are built wherever waterways and streets cross. The Map of Pingjiang District, a well-preserved city map from the Song Dynasty carved on a stone plate, indicated that during that period there were 304 bridges.

9.琴棋书画

中国人最懂得消遣,中国从前的读书人,闲暇时间以琴棋书画作为消遣。在中国人看来,艺术品的好坏,意味着作者人格的高低,所以弹琴、下棋、写字和绘画,都代表着一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家,而是随着美妙的琴声,进入一个辽阔的世界,净化自己的心灵。下棋不是为了胜负,而是磨练耐性和使人眼光远大。写字不仅是把字写漂亮,同时也是为了陶冶情操。绘画则是借着画面上的简单线条,表现自己的想象的世界。

Music, Chess, Calligraphy and Painting

Chinese people have the best idea about recreation. Scholars of ancient times enjoyed themselves through music, chess, calligraphy and painting in their leisure time. In the eyes of the Chinese people, the quality of the artifacts is a reflection of the character of the creator. Thus, playing musical instruments, playing chess, writing calligraphy or painting show one’s culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be

a musician but to enter a broader world, purifying one’s soul in the beautiful music. By playing chess, one does not aim to be the winner but to cultivate patience and foresight. By calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to improve his mind. Through painting, one expresses an imaginary world with simple lines.

10.杭州

杭州位于浙江省北部,是中国古老的风景名称。杭州不仅风景奇丽,名胜古迹众多,与杭州有关的传说和故事也甚为美丽动人。几千年过去了,杭州依然和以前一样有吸引力。杭州是如此美丽,很多人在这都是留恋忘返。唐代诗人白居易写了很多赞美杭州西湖的诗。古意大利旅行者马可波罗在元代来到了中国,对杭州异常喜爱,用他的话来说“杭州是全世界最美的城市。”

Hangzhou

Hangzhou, an ancient city renowned for its picturesque scenery, is situated in the northern part of Zhengjiang Province. Hangzhou has many scenic spots and historical sites as well as beautiful and moving legends and stories associated with it. Thousands of years have passed since the city was founded, yet Hangzhou is as attractive as ever. Hangzhou is so beautiful that many people are reluctant to leave it. Bai juyi, a famous poet during the Tang Dynasty, wrote many poems to describe the beauty of Hang zhou’s West Lake. Marco Polo, an ancient Italian traveler, came to China in Yuan Dynasty, and expressed great admiration for Hangzhou. In his own words, ”Hangzhou is the most beautiful city in the world.”

11长城

长城如同一条蛟龙,由东向西蜿蜒伸展,经过沙漠、草原、山脉、高原,全长约6700千米。长城是人类文明史上最伟大的建筑工程,它始建于2000多年前的春秋战国时期,秦朝统一中国之后连成万里长城。汉、明两代又曾大规模修筑。其工程这浩繁,气势这雄伟,堪称世界奇迹。如今当您登上昔日长城的遗址,不仅能目睹逶迤于群山峻岭之中的长城雄姿,还能领略到中华民族创造历史的大智大勇。

Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall of China winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus, stretching approximately 6,700 kilometers from east to west across China. The Great Wall is one of the greatest architecture in the history of civilization and was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period over 2,000 years ago. Many parts of the wall were joined together after China’s unification in the Qin Dynasty and renovated in the Han Dynasty

and the Ming Dynasty. They mystery of the construction and the grandeur of the project is a miracle in the world. Mounting the Great Wall today, you will marvel not only at the grand wall winding along the mountains and valleys, but at the great tenacity of the Chinese people in creating their unique history.

12酒和茶

酒和茶能给人增加生活情趣,可是不懂生活艺术的人,就享受不到这种情趣。饮酒喝茶都要慢慢品尝,细细玩味,才能得到美妙的感受。能有几样可口的小菜,两三位谈得来的朋友,大家聚在一起小斟,那真是人生乐事。至于喝茶,就是没有朋友陪伴,也可以一人独享。如果有一杯新茶,一卷好书,坐在那儿慢慢地享受,可能比做皇帝还自在呢。

Liquor and Tea

Liquor and tea add spice to life, which cannot be appreciated without a knowledge of the art of life. One has to sip and savor both liquor and tea so as to appreciate their fascinating pleasures. It is great pleasure in life to drink with two or three intimate friends, while eating delicious food. As for tea, one can enjoy it alone, without the company of friends. It is more pleasurable than being an emperor to enjoy oneself in leisure with a cup of fresh tea and a good book.

13和平发展

中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路,是基于中国国情的必然选择。1840年鸦片战争以后的100多的里,中国受尽了列强的欺辱。消除战争,实现和平,建设独立富强、民生幸福的国家,是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。今天的中国虽然取得了巨大的发展成就,但人口多,底子薄,发展不平衡,仍然是世界是最大的发展中国家。推动经济社会发展,不断改善人民生活始终是中国的中心任务。坚持走和平发展道路,是中国实现国家富强、人民幸福的必由之路。

Peaceful Development

China’s adherence to peaceful development is an inevitable choice based on the country’s national condition. In the 100-plus years after the Opium War in 1840, China suffered great humiliation at the hands of the world’s great powers. The elimination of wars, the maintenance of peace and the establishment of an independent and prosperous country of happy citizens is the ultimate goal of the Chinese people in modern times. Despite tremendous growth in modern China, the country is still the largest developing country in the world, with a large population, a weak economic foundation and rather uneven development. The promotion of

socio-economic development and the continuous improvement of personal livelihood have been the major focus of China. Peaceful development is the only way to achieve prosperity for China and happiness for its people.

14诚信原则

中国人以前都生活在大家庭里,有很多亲戚互相来往。男人在外面做事谋生,也会结交许多朋友。中国人交朋友,秉持的最重要的原则是“诚”和“信”。自己以诚心待人,自然可以换来真实的友谊;尊重别人,自然会被别人尊重。而且要信守诺言,绝不欺骗。中国人不仅把这些原则应用在私人的交往上,在和其他国家办理外交的时候,也同样遵守这些原则。

Sincerity and Faithfulness

In the past, the Chinese lived in extended family groups, with many relatives as their social contacts. The men of the family would also make many friends in the course of making their way in the world. Chinese people try to maintain two most important principles in friendship: sincerity and faithfulness. They exchange sincerity for true friendship as might be expected, and receive respect by respecting others. They keep their promises with deceit. Chinese people not only apply these principles in personal contacts, but also follow them in their diplomatic relations with other countries.

15

种花赏花

种花和赏花是中国人日常的消遣。在诗人和画家的笔下,花儿更是多姿多彩。一年四季中,有许多花儿先后开放。中国人最爱的花儿,有牡丹、荷花、菊花、梅花。春天是牡丹盛开的时节。夏天荷花盛开,它虽然从污泥中生长出来,却是纯洁芳香,很像高尚的君子。秋风吹起,树上的叶子落了,只有菊花不怕风霜,傲然开放。在冰天雪地的冬天,没有一点儿生气,梅花仍然在风雪中盛开。梅花最能代表中国人不屈不挠的精神。

Planting and Admiring flowers

Planting and admiring flowers are a daily-life recreation of Chinese people. Flowers are diverse beautiful in the works of poets and painters. Many kinds of flowers appear in successive bloom through the seasons. Some of the favorite flowers in Chinas are peonies, lotuses, chrysanthemums and plum blossoms. Spring is the ideal time for peonies. In summer, lotuses are in full bloom, pure and fragrant like noble gentlemen, though they emerge from the dirty mud. When the autumn wind blows off the leaves, the chrysanthemums blossom against wind and frost. In the lifeless winter world of ice and snow, plum blossoms are in full bloom against wind and snow. The Chinese consider plum blossoms to be representative of their

own enduring spirit.

16庙会

在中国各地,过去不论乡村、城市,到处都有庙。每年到了佛祖或神灵的祭日,都在庙前广场上搭台演戏。这时候,大家都来看戏,小贩也前来摆地摊,做生意。逛庙会的人们,既可以进香,又可以看戏,还可以买东西。因此在庙会期间,天天都是非常热闹的。人们坐车子走几十里路,除了烧香还愿之外,还达到了交际、娱乐、旅行和购物的目的。这种庙会通常都是一年一次,为期最多不到半个月,日期一过,马上就冷落下来了。

Temple Fair

Temples abounded across China, both in the countryside and in the cities. Every year on the fete-days of Buddha or other gods, stages were set up for performances on the square before the temples. Many people came for the play, and the vendors put up stalls to do business. Those who came for the temple fair offered incense to Buddha, watched the play and did some shopping at the did some shopping at the same time. Hence the temple fairs were full of hustle and bustle every day. People took wagons or walked for miles to the temple fair, fulfilling the purposes of communication, entertainment, travel and shopping apart from offering incense. Such temple fairs were often held once a year for at most half a month; after which the temple became desolate with far fewer visitors.

17中药

众所周知,在最近两百年之前的大部分时间里,人类一直依赖传统药物与疾病斗争。各大文明古国几乎都有自己的民族医药体系,其中又以中国的中医药体系最为完备,成就最大。可以说,中国的中医药体系是古代医药科学的最高表现。中药绝大部分来源于天然的植物,其次是动物、矿物等。中国各地使用的中药已达5000种左右,用各种药材配成的方剂,更是数不胜数。

Chinese Medicine

As is commonly known, until the most recent two centuries people fought against disease wit traditional drugs. Ancient civilizations all had their own national drug system, among which the Chinese system was the most comprehensive and achieved the greatest results. We could say that the Chinese traditional drug system is the supreme representation of the type. Traditional Chinese drugs come mostly from natural plants, with some from animals and minerals. There are about 5,000 traditional drugs in se across China, and countless prescriptions made with those drugs.

18故宫

故宫是北京现在最大、保存最完好的宫殿,建于1406年,历时14年建造完成。故宫的建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分,外朝是皇帝举行朝会和行使权力的地方,内廷是帝王与后妃居住之所。红色和黄色作为宫殿墙壁的主色调是一种象征。红色代表快乐、好运气和财富。黄色是中国人的起源地黄土高原大地的颜色。在唐朝黄色成为了代表帝王的颜色,仅有少数皇室成员可以穿它,并且也将黄色用于建筑。

The Imperial Palace

The Imperial Palace is the largest and best-preserved palace in China, the construction of which began in 1406 and took 14 years. The Imperial Palace is divided into the “outer court” and the “inner court ”.The former is where the emperor held meetings and exercised power while the latter is where the emperor and his concubines lived. As the main color on the palace walls, the red and yellow have symbolic meanings. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only few members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

19和平崛起

中华民族历来珍惜和平。中国的崛起,是和平的崛起,是依靠自己的力量来发展自己。中外关系中,中国一贯主张以邻为伴、与人为善,同各国发展友好合作关系。中国现在是、今后相当长时间内仍将是一个发展中国家。中国有13亿人口,这是最大的国情。中国国内生产总值已居全球第六位,但人均水平却排在第138位。中国要赶上发达国家,还需要几代人,十几代人的艰辛努力。

Peaceful Rise

The Chinese nation has always cherished peace. China’s rise, an achievement accomplished by our own efforts, symbolizes that peace has risen to the dominant position. In our bilateral relations we consistently seek partnership with neighboring countries and amiable coexistence with others to develop friendly cooperation. China is, and will continue to be for some time to come, a developing country. China has a population of ,which is the most important fact of in our national condition. China ranks 6th in the GDP, but only 138th in GDP per capita globally. To catch up with developed countries, several generations-even dozens-must continue to make arduous effort.

20中国菜

中国菜闻名全世界,中国人研究吃的艺术,已经有近三千年的历史。中国人的食

物种类多得数不清,不论是天上飞的,地上跑的,水里游的,都被烧成了菜,端到饭桌上。烧菜是一种艺术:把菜烧熟,人人能做到;把菜烧得味道鲜美,就那么不容易了。中国人自己的生活虽然清苦,但在招待客人的时候,总要把最好的食物拿出来,而且数量特别丰富,使客人感到宾至如归。中国人虽然讲究吃,但是他们非常看不起那种只追求衣食享受的人。这种观念是受了传统的儒家和道家思想的影响。

Chinese Food

Chinese food is well-known across the world. The art of preparing food in Chinese goes back nearly 3,000years. There are numerous varieties of food for Chinese people: the creatures flying in the air, walking on the ground and swimming in the water can all be made into dishes to be served on dining tables. Cooking can be considered an art, since it is easy for everybody to simply cook dishes but hard to make them tasty and delicious. However difficult their life is, they always present their best food to guests in such abundance that the guests will feel at home. Though fond of cheating, Chinese people despise those who indulge themselves in physical pleasures. This ideology derives from the influence of traditional Confucianism and Taoism.

汉英比较翻译教程 第14单元

第14单元 I 提示 同第4单元 II 译法要点 5.1变通:OSV→SVO 5.2非谓语动词时态的语义色彩(I) 5.3 互文性 5.4 直译:名词化形容词 5.5 互文性:主题意象 5.6 互文性:普通名词与专有名词 5.7创新:专有名词 5.8 译文的多样性:短语表达 5.9误用:动词短语 5.10误用:状语的逻辑主语 5.11非谓语动词的时态语义色彩(II) 5.12误用:动词 5.13回译:后置时间状语从句 5.14矛盾修辞与Oxymoron 5.15误用:虚拟语气结构 5.16呼应:语段中的时态 5.17回译:互文词 5.18暗喻与Metaphor 5.19 变通:合译(同位语从句) III 原文与译文 【原文】 向日葵(II) 解放了,我到北京工作,这幅画却没有带来;总觉得这幅画面与当时四周的气氛不相合拍似的。因为解放了,周围已没有落寞之感,一切都沉浸在节日的欢乐之中。但是曾几何时,我又怀念起这幅画来了。似乎人就像是这束向日葵,即使在落日的余辉里,都拼命要抓住这逐渐远去的夕阳。我想起了深绿色的那面墙,它一时掩没了这一片耀眼的金黄;我曾经努力驱散那随着我身影的孤寂,在作无望的挣扎。以后星移斗转,慢慢这一片金黄,在我的记忆里也不自觉地淡漠起来,逐渐疏远得几乎被遗忘了。 十年动乱中,我被谪放到南荒的劳改农场,每天做着我力所不及的劳役,心情惨淡得自己也害怕。有天我推着粪车,走过一家农民的茅屋,从篱笆里探出头来的是几朵嫩黄的向日葵,衬托在一抹碧蓝的天色里。我突然想起了上海寓所那面墨绿色墙上挂着的梵高的《向日葵》。我忆起那时家庭的欢欣,三岁的女儿在学着大人腔说话,接着她也发觉自己学得不像,便嬉嬉笑了起来,爬上桌子指着我在念的书,说“等我大了,我也要念这个”。而现在眼前只有几朵向日葵招呼着我,我的心不住沉落又漂浮,没个去处。以后每天拾粪,即使要

中国文化汉英翻译材料(1)

Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今,作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠,京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见,而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同,演员角色分成四类:生(男角)、旦(女角)、净(花脸男角)、丑 (丑角)。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰:它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象,完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝,京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请,担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好,身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打(tumbles, tweists, and somersaults)来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力,是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段(floor skills and postures)大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功(acrobatic skills)。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次,但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气,活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术,它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差,无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.

汉英跨文化交际翻译中的CHINAENGLISH

广东职业技术师范学院学报 2002年第2期 Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University No 2,2002 汉英跨文化交际翻译中的C HINA ENGLISH 金惠康 (广东职业技术师范学院外语系,广东广州 510665) 摘 要:本文讨论什么是中国英语及其在汉英跨文化交际翻译中的功能。关键词:跨文化交际;汉英翻译;中国英语 中图分类号:H 315 9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-2803(2002)02-0072-07 一、什么是中国英语 中国英语(China English)不同于中式英语(Chinglish),它既不是中国学生学习英语过程中所产生的 过渡语 ,也不是因英语不够表达而胡编乱造的英语。本文倡导的宗旨就是要使用规范英语来描述中华文化和社会,尽量避免中式英语。目前行之有效的手段之一就是使用和拓展中国英语。 1 从广义上来说,中国英语产生于国际英语对中华文明和华夏社会的描述,也源于中国人长期用英语对自己与世界描述,它是国际英语的拓展与延伸。中国英语以国际规范英语为共核,把中国独有的文化、语言、事物、意念和传统等通过音译、译借及语义再生等手段传入国际(英语)社会,同时也融入许多具有中国文化内涵和汉语言特色的表达方式。如别有风味的词汇、短语、句式、认知方式、修辞手段、行文风格和章法结构。因而,中国英语具有国际规范英语的共性,又具有汉文化的内涵和汉语言的一些个性特色。毫无疑问,中国英语是长期东西方跨文化交流的产物。从狭义的角度来说,中国英语指的就是:在描述(翻译)华夏文明、中国社会及汉语言中所拓展了的那部分英语。 有人说在汉译英中使用中国英语是不得已而为之,其实这句话也要从另一面理解为 非得如此不可 。社会发展与变革必然引起语言的变化发展并给语言注入新的文化内涵和新的表达方式,这是很值得深入研究和总结的。 中国英语的规范主要是来自现代中国官方媒体的英语文本典范和国际现代英文媒体的主流内涵;也来自汉英双语娴熟者描写华夏文明和中国社会的英文文本和由中国人用英语创作的文学作品等。这里使用 中国英语 这个词语(概念)来描述和记录国际英语在描述中华文明和社会、中国人民和政府用英语表达自己对世界事务的理解、看法和立场时,英语所发生的变化与发展。从这个意义上讲,凡是有中国文化内涵和汉语表达特色的、并能为国际英语读者所普遍理解和接受的英文(文本)都可称之为中国英语。 2 从社会语言学的角度来看,中国本土的社会文化环境造成了中国英语的中国特色,即本土化(nativization 或是indigenization)。社会语言学中的本土概念的实质是主张文化和语言的相对价值、尊重个性,并以此来促进不同文化和语言之间的彼此的适应与沟通。 72 收稿日期:2001-11-05 作者简介:金惠康(1950~),男,湖南邵东人,广东职业技术师范学院教授,研究方向为跨文化交际研究与应用语言学。

英汉汉英翻译学习 译后感

至今为止,已经学了一个学期的翻译基础。虽说未涉及汉译英的学习,但从过去这一学期对英译汉理论与实践的学习,我深知翻译并非一件容易的事。对我来说,学好翻译这门课程并将其运用到实践中去,任重而道远。 在未上翻译课之前,每每听人提及翻译,以为就只是单纯的两种语言的转换;谁知经过一个学期的翻译课学习,才知道自己竟是大错特错了。当代英国翻译理论家纽马克的翻译理论及其语言六大功能(表达功能、信息功能、祈使功能、人际功能、审美功能、元语言功能),我国翻译家严复的“信、达、雅”三大翻译标准等,让我更进一步了解什么是翻译。 对于我们初学者来说,在进行翻译活动时,除了要遵循翻译的两大原则(忠实、通顺)外,还要注意直译与意译、异化与归化等翻译技巧的运用。否则,翻译时,容易出现“翻译腔”。如;And so you shall be my darling----when l tell you! 译文一:当我告诉你的时候——我的宝贝,你会知道的。译文二:那你等着吧——等到我告诉了你,你就懂得了!这两种翻译中,第一种机械地模仿原文,不知变通,是典型的“翻译腔”。而第二种摆脱了原文的结构束缚,用符合目的语的语言表达形式再现了原文的意义和精神。 此外,对一些翻译技巧(如:词类转换法、重复法、正反反正翻译法、抽象与具体转换法、抽词拆译法、增词语省略法、物称人称转化法、形合意合转换法、视点转换法等)的学习及反复练习,也让我在学习的同时发现并总结出一些翻译时常出现的问题。如:的、地、得的正确使用(美丽的太阳花、吃力地行走、高兴得手舞足蹈);量词的正确使用(一只小熊、一头大熊、一个熊妈妈);标点符号的正确使用(注意句子的停顿);“so·····that”不能译成“如此·····以至于”可译成“那样·····因此or所以”;“when·····”不能译成“当······时”;人的mate译成“伙伴”,动物的mate译成“配偶”,而人的“配偶”是spouse;“go down the wind”译成顺着风走,“go up the wind”译成逆着风走;定语从句的译法:分片——逐个译出——理解大意——调整语序。 另外,长句的翻译也是一大难点。像顺序法、分译法、逆序法、综合法等长句翻译方法都可用于翻译中,才能译出更好的译文。 与汉语习惯不同,在英语中,为了避免重复,通常用同义词、近义词代替前文出现过的词。同时,英语中通常用大量的连词,是句子更紧凑,而汉语恰恰相反。因此,在英译汉时,要尽量避免将关联词“和、所以、因此、而且····”翻译出来。 我深知自己基础比较薄弱,因而在学习时也比较吃力,但我不会因此而自暴自弃,相反,我会加倍努力,尽自己最大的努力学好翻译这门课程。

杨士焯《英汉翻译教程(第2版)》笔记和课后习题详解(翻译写作篇)

第8章翻译写作篇 8.1 复习笔记 一、汉语的表达优势和行文特点 1. 精炼简约 汉语文章的这一特点,与汉语词汇的特点有关。 (1) 词本身没有形态变化,即它没有性、数、格、时态这些形式上的变化。如“你去”“我去”“今天去”“明天去”,都是一个“去”,词的语音和书写都没有发生变化。 (2) 语词具有一定的伸缩性。许多单音节和双音节的词一经重叠,即表示另外的意思,词性也可能发生变化。如“人——人人”“说——说说”“高兴——高高兴兴——高兴高兴”等。 (3) 许多双音节词还可以在特定的语境下节缩,并不影响原来意思的表达。如“无(执)照经营”“毫不利(自)己,专门利(他)人”“供(应)需(求)见面”等。 (4) 大量的成语、典故、俗语、谚语、格言等,以极少的文字包容了大量的信息。如“负荆请罪”“叶公好龙”等。 2. 富于意象 所谓意象,即感情与形象的有机结合。如“木欣欣以向荣,风飘飘而吹衣”能构成鲜明的意象美。汉字独特的形声构成,是汉语富于意象的重要因素。 3. 中文思维导致汉语文本独特的语言结构和形式要素。 中文思维有“象性原则”“并置原则”“对偶原则”“殿后原则”“铺排原则”“凝

练原则”和“协律原则”。 从翻译的角度看,直接对译文写作有影响的有: (1) 并置原则 汉语写作中常有“叠言”“叠句”“叠章”的语言形式。作者通过“并置”的语句,创造意象纷呈、语义丰满、语势张扬的叙述话语。如,“诚信是……;诚信是……”,不仅有声有色地强化了文意,同时还把文意展示为一个细腻、立体的意脉网络,见出才华和文采。 (2) 对偶原则 强调词性、词义的相反相成。在写作上,最典型的就是骈体文和近体诗的写作,它们都要求对仗,并形成了严格的规范。 这种对偶句式积淀在民族文化心理结构中,在写作中我们有了上句,往往下意识地就生带出下一句来。翻译到顺手处,译者自然也会写出这种句式。 (3) 凝练原则 中国人讲究“炼字”“炼句”“炼篇”和“炼意”,讲究“推敲”,林语堂认为,汉语的单音节性“造就了极为凝练的风格”。 (4) 声律原则 这一原则对诗和散文创作影响非常大。声律还包括节奏。“譬如仄声的字容易表示悲苦的情绪,响亮的声音容易显出欢乐的深情,长的句子表示温和弛缓,短的句子代表强硬急迫的态度”(梁实秋《论散文》)。 只要我们掌握了汉语的行文特征和神韵,我们就能在翻译过程中,自觉地在字里行间继承发扬这种文字传统,创造出灿烂的译文篇章。 二、翻译写作论

十 中国特色文化与汉英翻译

中国特色文化与汉英翻译 一.文化的概念及范畴 ? 1. Edward Tylor的定义: ?1871年在《原始文化》一书中提出的:“所谓文化和文明乃是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及包括作为社会成员的个人而获得的其他任何能力、习惯在内的一种综合体。”(“That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” ) ? 2.文化的涵盖面极广,几乎包括了人类社会生活的方方面面,对文化的分类因此林林总总。 从地域分,有本土文化和外来文化、城市文化和农村文化、东方文化和西方文化、大陆文化和港澳台文化; 从时间上分,有原始文化、奴隶制文化、封建文化、资本主义文化、社会主义文化等; 从宗教信仰分,有佛教文化、道教文化、基督教文化、伊斯兰教文化等; ?从生产方式分,有游牧文化、农业文化、工业文化、信息文化; 从生产工具分,有旧时器文化、新石器文化、青铜文化; 从人类把握世界的方式人,有科学文化和人文文化; 从性质分,有世界文化、民族文化、精英文化、通俗文化; 从结构层次分,有物质文化、制度文化、精神文化。 ?(参见王秉钦《文化翻译学》 ?3、奈达的分类 Ecological Culture 生态文化 Material Culture 物质文化 Social Culture 社会文化 Religious Culture 宗教文化 Linguistic Culture 语言文化 ?(参考邵志洪《汉英对比翻译导论》

汉英语段翻译_试题09版_(精)

汉英翻译课外练习(语段) (2009级适用) Passage 1 目前,全世界40%以上的人口,即20多亿人,面临缺水问题。据预测,未来25年全球人口将由60亿增长到80亿,环境保护面临更大的压力。中国作为一个发展中国家,面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发,中国在全面推进现代化的过程中,将环境保护视为一项基本国策。众所周知,对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。 Passage 2 改革开放30年来,随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国,海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增,海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。作为第二文化,中国文化丰富了他们的生活和世界观。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外,也在尝试针灸,草药和武术。他们也看功夫电影,学习东方时装潮流和手工艺,不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心,人参、银杏,乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。 Passage 3 微软公司举世无双的利润率使其雄踞全世界所有公司股票值之首,接近5000亿美元。全世界五大首富它造就了三个。它除了对证券市场的影响之外,还造就了大约一万个百万富翁,主要集中在美国西雅图区域。 但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命,其财富创造的影响都不可与目前因特网上所发生的情况同日而语。因特网加快了科技的发展,促进了商务的繁荣,掀起了个人财富急剧积累的第三次,也是最令人注目的一次浪潮。 Passage 4 国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利,各国追求各自的利益是正常的,出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。就中美贸易而言,互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。在美国市场上,许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000家。我们可以预见,中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显,但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。 Passage 5 春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样,丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。还有一种至今仍受人欢迎的传统表演活动,叫踩高跷。现在,随着生活水平的不断提高,人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变,春节的精华不会变,那就是为了祈求新年吉祥如意。最重要的是,春节是一个合家欢聚的日子,出门在外的人总要想方设法在除夕夜到来之前赶回家,吃上一年中最重要的一段饭——“团圆饭”。 Passage 6 汉语常被认为是一种非常古老的语言。从某种意义上说,这种说法不免失之偏颇。人类所有的语言都可追溯到朦胧的史前时期,但目前我们还无法确定这些语言是否

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考: 翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧,如选词(Diction)、转换(Conversion)、增补(Amplification)、省略(Omission)、重复(Repetition)、替代(Substitution)、变换(Variation)、倒臵(Inversion)、拆离(Division)、缀合(Combination)、阐释(Annotation)、浓缩(Condensation)、重组(Reconstruction),以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法,都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换,也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难,归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此,对比、分析和归纳这些差异,便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译,也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析,人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性,在进行交际时,能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法,以顺应这些差异,防止表达错误,避免运用失当,从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能,《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来,“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”,但同时,“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译,译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的,既是精神的,也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中,经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇,他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述:描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇,也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的,是语言与文化层面的逻辑性,这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说:“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性,而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现,相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象,我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏,因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意,如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意,但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间,迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间,英语与法语的天平有所侧重,在两者的遭遇中,译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思,相反,在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中,他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说:“只有在接触外语时,我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷,因此,只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我,可作一明镜,从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上,与异语文化的接触,有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足,便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养,弥补自身,丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中,纪德亲历了种种障碍,他结合翻译中的具体例证,作了某

试评《汉英词典》第三版

试评《汉英词典》第三版 叶飞 11级大外部语言学方向 12320111152590 摘要 《汉英词典》在传承初版和修订版优秀品质的同时,紧跟时代步伐,焕发出了新的活力。文章拟就词目收录、词类标注、对应词和例证这几个方面,试对《汉英词典》第三版进行简要评析,并将其与1978年汉英词典初版作粗略对比。关键词:汉英词典词目收录词类标注对应词例证 一.引言 1978年吴景荣先生主持编纂的《汉英词典》(第一版)是新中国成立后中国大陆学者编纂出版的第一部汉英词典,也是我国汉英词典方面的奠基之作,出版之后受到了英语界和读者的高度赞誉。当时美国政府的某研究机关把它确定为“把中华人民共和国文字宣传中术语和成语译成英语时的标准参考书”。姚小平在第三版序言中如是说:“在国人的汉英词典编纂史上,这第一步极为重要,以后无论哪一本汉英词典,无论续编、新编、另编,或多或少都受惠于1978年的第一本。”1995年危东亚教授主编的汉英词典修订版面世,2010年1月,又经历了十年不懈的努力后,外语教学与研究出版社推出了汉英词典第三版,由姚小平教授主编。第三版继承了初版和修订版编排合理、译文准确、例证丰富及语言生动等优点,同时在词目收录、词类标注、例证设置和图文并茂等方面又有了长足的进步。文章拟从词目收录、词类标注、对应词和例证这几个方面,试对《汉英词典》第三版进行简要评析,并将其与1978年吴景荣教授主持编纂的第一版汉英词典做下粗略比较。 二.简析《汉英词典》第三版 1.关于词目收录 汉英词典第三版以修订版为基础,对词目进行了增删和调整。收入词条约十万,较1978年的第一版增收近五万条。篇幅由976页增加到1950页。增加的词目既包括一些由来已久、具有较强稳定性的词语和固定搭配,也包括大量反映时

英汉汉英实用翻译教程

一、汉译英部分 1.道可道,非常道;名可名,非常名。 ?Tao Te Ching - The Way of Life - The Wisdom of Ancient China ?The tao that can be described is not the eternal Tao. ?The name that can be spoken is not the eternal Name. The Way that can be told of is not an Unvarying Way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. 2.子曰:“学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?” ?The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? ?"Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? ?"Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?" ?The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue." 曾子曰:“吾日三省吾身:为人谋而不忠乎?与朋友交而不信乎?传不习乎?” The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether,in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher." 3. 子曰:“不患人之不己知,患不知人也。” ...子曰:“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。” The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men." …The Master said, "Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous." 子曰:“温故而知新,可以为师矣。” The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others." 4. 古之学者必有师。师者,所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者,孰能无惑?惑而不从师,其为惑也,终不解矣。生乎吾前,其闻道也,固先乎吾,吾从而师之;生乎吾后,其闻道也,亦先乎吾,吾从而师之。吾师道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师之所存也。 In ancient times those who wanted to learn would seek out a teacher, one who could propagate the doctrine, impart professional knowledge, and resolve doubts. Since no one is born omniscient, who can claim to have no doubts? If one has doubts and is not willing to learn from a teacher, his doubts will never be resolved. Anyone who was born before me and learned the doctrine before me is my teacher. Anyone who was born after me and learned the doctrine before me is also my teacher. Since

汉英翻译中原文化

中原文化与中原崛起 解读中原文化,我们不难看出,历史上的河南之所以能够长期成为中国政治经济文化中心,成为中华崛起的高地,与根深叶茂的繁荣文化是分不开的。当历史的车轮进入21世纪后,我们要实现中原崛起,很重要的一个方面,就是要开发我们的文化,发展我们的文化,创新我们的文化,要把我们丰富的文化资源变为强大的文化力量,促进又好又快发展,推动中原崛起。所以省八次党代会明确提出要实现经济大省向经济强省跨越、文化资源大省向文化强省跨越。这两个跨越相辅相成、缺一不可。特别是随着经济文化化、文化经济化、经济文化一体化时代的到来,我们只有把这两大跨越有机结合起来,才能加快中原崛起的进程。这次我们举办“中原文化香港行和2007年豫港贸易洽谈会”,实际上就是要充分展示中原文化的魅力,发挥中原文化的潜力、增强中原文化的吸引力,形成推动中原崛起的新动力。为此,我们将坚持先进文化的前进方向,大力发展先进文化与和谐文化,坚持用科学理论引领中原崛起,用人文精神凝聚中原崛起,以文化产业支撑中原崛起,以人才智力支持中原崛起,以创新文化推动中原崛起,全面提升中原文化的引领能力、服务能力和创新能力,为实现中原崛起提供强大的精神支持、智力支持和不竭动力。现阶段,我们首先要把家底摸清,弄清到底有多少文化的“金矿”、“银矿”、“铜矿”、“铁矿”。这项工作,目前已经全面启动,在全省范围内展开了文化资源的普查,一俟普查结束我们就制定开发利用的规划。从当前掌握的情况看,我们至少有以下八大产业可以很好地发展,这就是传媒出版、文博会展、文化旅游、功夫娱乐、影视动漫、戏曲演艺、书法绘画、网络创意等八大产业。我省的这八大产业都是省委、省政府下一步将重点支持发展的产业,无论从资源禀赋看,还是市场潜力看,都具有明显的比较优势和可期的经济效益。比如书法绘画,我们商丘市有一个王公庄村,家家户户画老虎,一年卖画四百万。我们的开封市多数成年人都是书法爱好者或者是各级书协会员。书法绘画在河南不仅有广泛的群众基础,而且有全国领军人物,现任的中国美协主席和中国书协主席都是我们河南人。再如功夫产业,少林功夫影响已经波及世界,来自国内外学习武术的学员仅登封一地就有10万多人,俄罗斯总统普京访问中国时专程拜访少林寺。陈氏太极拳也已经走出国门,开始在澳大利亚、美国等国家设馆收徒,吸引了大量国外的年轻人。河南文化产业的发展前景由此可见一斑。在此,我真诚的欢迎香港的企业家和有识之士到河南去看一看,也欢迎大家积极参与到河南文化产业的开发中来。我相信,只要我们团结一心,措施有力,有9800万勤劳智慧的中原儿女的奋发进取,有包括香港同胞在内的海内外朋友的热情参与,中原文化就一定能够迎来发展的春天,就一定能够放射出更加瑰丽的光彩,成为推动中原崛起的强大动力。 The Culture and the Development of the Central Plain of China A close examination of Central China’s culture clearly reveals that its culture with long and deep roots has contributed tremendously to its central position as the heart of politics and economy in the history of China. At the turn of the 21st century, it is of vital importance to exploit, develop and rejuvenate our culture in the project of resurrecting Central China’s economy , thus giving

全球化语境下弘扬中华文化的翻译策略

全球化语境下弘扬中华文化的翻译策略 在当前经济、文化全球化的时代大背景下,本着促进不同文化间的交流的目的,翻译应更多地承栽介绍和传播异域文化的使命。汉英翻译必须具有明确的目的性和对策性。在翻译策略上通过比较分析全球化语境下翻译的文化的特点,利用建构主义理论,采取异化取向,这既是尊重和弘扬中华文化的有效手段,也是全球化语境下对汉英翻译的基本要求。 标签:全球化语境;翻译;建构主义;文化 全球化首先是一个经济学和金融学领域内的课题,但近年已经引起了包括翻译研究者在内的人文社会科学研究者的关注,其原因在于,信息的传播和大众传媒的崛起使得全球化与文化的关系尤为密切。翻译是一种跨文化的信息交流与交换活动,它的本质是传播。翻译研究有宏观研究和微观研究之分。宏观研究指的是对影响具体翻译实践活动的外在因素的研究,微观研究指的是具体的语言操作层面的翻译研究。后殖民主义的宏观翻译理论研究从全球化的层面研究翻译在文化交流中的作用,考察文化与翻译的相互作用和相互影响。这种研究方法把翻译从狭隘的字词转换中解脱出来,从一个更加开阔的视角把握和认识翻译活动,扩展了翻译研究的领域,加大了翻译理论研究的深度。这无疑会使研究者更加深刻地认识到翻译的本质特征。在全球化大语境下,作为信息传播的一种工具,翻译的功能将越来越明显地显示出来,翻译对文化的重塑和构建在跨文化交际中起了重要作用。在当前经济、文化全球化的时代大背景下,本着促进不同文化间的交流的目的,翻译应更多地承载介绍和传播异域文化的使命。本文将通过比较分析全球化语境下翻译的文化的特点,利用建构主义理论,给出在全球化语境下中国特色翻译活动的发展策略,弘扬中华民族文化。 一、全球化语境对翻译的影响 全球化是当代人类社会跨越国家和地区界限,在全球范围内展现的全方位沟通、联系、相互影响的客观历史进程。全球化作为一个不以人们的意志为转移的客观存在,已经以不同的形式渗入到经济建设、文化建设、人文社会科学教育和研究以及人们的日常生活之中。著名学者张柏然指出,全球化在文化领域里的一个重要表征就是各国、各民族文化通过世界性的交流,打破了原来闭关自守的狭隘界限而走向开放和多元,形成一种“世界文化”的新格局。这一发展对翻译学研究提出了一系列的挑战。张柏然指出,全球化语境下的汉英翻译问题并非一个简单的文字转换过程,而是一种特别的文化交流活动。美国学者亨廷顿认为,由于全球化进程的加速,各国经济和政治上的冲突不会成为占主导地位的冲突,而文化与文明之间的差异却会上升为占主导地位的冲突。不同文化需要沟通,而沟通离不开翻译,因此,文化及其交流是翻译发生的本源。翻译是文化交流的产物,翻译活动离不开文化。文化离不开语言,语言是文化传播的重要媒介,也是翻译研究的切入点。中国已经加入世贸组织,与世界经济的交往会变得越来越密切。通过翻译向世界传播中华文化,促进文化交流,对中国的发展起着不可低估的作用。

大学汉英翻译教程-Note

Chapter one 2012-3-27 ?翻译可分为口译interpretation和笔译translation。 ?Interpretation can be divided into two types: one is consecutive interpretation, another is simultaneous interpretation. ?翻译三原则(George Washington Campbell,Alexander Fraser Tytler) 1.原作的意义、意思 2.原作的思想、精神 3.流畅、通顺 ?翻译方法1.直译literal translation 2.意译free translation 3.音译transliteration ?山雨欲来风满楼The coming events cast their shadows before. 才学最差,叫喊最多The worst wheel of a cart creaks most. 与……狼狈为奸hand in glove with… 乱七八糟at sixes and sevens 千载难逢once in a blue moon 路必有弯,势必有转机It is a long lane that has no turning. 家丑不可外扬It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. ?The main principles of TRANSLITERA TION 1.准确读音 2.正确拼写姓名拼写中姓与名要空一格首字母要大写eg. Pu Songling 地名拼写中首字母大写不空格eg. Fujian Guangdong Xi’an 一般来说除地名人名之外其他专有名词英译时首字母要大写如汉Han; 一般名词要小写 3.弄清词源有些词需要追溯到最初发音以利于音译eg.菩萨Bodhisattva 4.约定俗成eg. 孙中山Sun Y at-sen 宋庆龄Soong Ching Ling 陈嘉庚Tan Kah Kee 5.准确回译eg. 纽约New Y ork 6.缩略语复原eg. 闽Fujian 武大Wuhan University Chapter two 2012-3-28 ?The classification of CULTURE 1.物质文化material culture 2.制度文化institutional culture 3.心理文化mental culture ?中英思维方式对比 1.中国人注重伦理,英美人注重认知 2.中国人注重整体、偏重综合性思维;英美人注重个体、偏重分析性思维 3.中国人重直觉,英美人重实证 4.中国人重形象思维,英美人重逻辑思维 Chapter three 2012-3-31 ?词语的指称意义与蕴含意义的对比 1.指称意义是词语在交际过程中所表达的字面的最基本的意义,相当于一种约定俗 成的认知 2.蕴含意义的理解与表达eg:His wife was unfaithful to him, and he became a cuckold. 他老婆红杏出墙,给他戴了顶绿帽子。此处注意红和绿。?词语英译与语言语境 1.根据语言语境确定原文词义:“醉心于……”be engrossed in褒be infatuated with 贬 2.根据语言环境选择译文用词:①Mum gave a book as my birthday present .

浅谈英汉数字的文化差异与翻译

浅谈英汉数字的文化差异与翻译 内容摘要 世界上任何一种语言都是植根于特定的文化背景之中,反映着特定的文化内容。语言中数字是反映客观物质世界的规模、大小的数和量,而由于各自语言中所包涵的文化传统、思维观念、以及对数字的感知取向不同,故而赋予数字的社会文化涵义也不尽相同。本文主要针对中西方对数字不同的传统观念、英汉语言中数字包含的内涵意义以及在英汉文学及生活中碰到的有关数字的翻译等,来探讨英汉数字文化的差异,为跨文化交际提供便利。 关键词:英汉数字;内涵意义;翻译;实指义;虚指义;词汇空缺 Abstract Every language in the world takes root in a special cultural background, and the language reflects the contents of the culture. Figure is the count and quantity which reflects the scope and size of the objective world. The social meanings of figure are different because there are some differences in cultural tradition, the concept of thinking and the understanding and using of the figure among all kinds of languages. This paper is to discuss the differences between English and Chinese figure from the traditional conception, the meanings of the figure and the translation with figure between the two languages. The aim from which is expected to make an advantage in cross-cultural communication. Key words: figure in English and Chinese; implied meaning; translation; grammatical meaning; false meaning; vocabulary vacancy “语言与文化有着密切的关系。语言的使用离不开人,而人又离不开某个特定的社会文化。” [1](p477)“在跨文化交际活动中,参与的各方不仅要熟悉本民族的语言和文化,而且要充分了解对方的语言和文化,特别是本民族文化与他民族文化的差异,只有这样才能使交际顺利进行下去。”[2](p480)数字是随着人类文明的产生和发展而产生和发展的。数字作为一种特殊的语言符号,在英汉两种语言中都被赋予了丰富的文化内涵。本文主要从中西方对数字不同的传统观念,英汉两种语言中数字蕴涵的不同意义及英汉文学中和生活中碰到的有关数字的翻译等来探讨英汉数字文化的差异,以便消除英汉交际中的理解障碍。 一、英汉数字的文化内涵差异 在古老的传统中,数字具有神圣的意义,还具有主吉凶的宗教迷信色彩。不同的民族对数字的选择性和不同的偏爱,都有着深刻的民族文化的烙印。下面就几组具有代表性的数字进行对比分析。 (一)、“三”与“九” 1、“三” 汉语中带“三”的习语有很多,如“三思而后行”、“垂涎三尺”、“三人行,必有我师焉”、“三句话不离本行”、“一日不见,如隔三秋”、“余音绕梁,三日不绝”、“三头六臂”、“三教九流”、“三令五申”等。中国人对“三”的垂青是有因可循的。《说文解字》云:“三,天地人之道也”,可见“三”的本义就是代表天、地、人,即上为天,下为地,中为人。在历史进程中,人们还逐渐认识到:时间有昔、今、未之分,空间有上、中、下之分,方位有左、中、右和前、中、后之分,似乎有三就能代表全部,“三”因此隐含完全、完美之意在内,并且积淀在中国人的潜意识中,从而人们在生活中不自觉地运用“三”来归纳事物,指导行动。在古代,“三”的运用更是奥妙无穷,甚至带有某些神秘意味。在政制结构上,有“三公”(西周时指:太师、太傅、太保;西汉时指丞相、太尉、御史大夫;东汉时指太尉、司徒、司空);军事编制上,有“三军”(海军、陆军、空军);教育上有“三学”(述学、评学、考学);科举有“三试”(乡试、会试、殿试);录取有“三甲”(状元、榜眼、探花);祭祀要供“三牲”(牛牲、羊牲、猪牲);敬酒要“三献”(初献、亚献、终献);行礼要“三跪”

相关主题