计算机专业英语作业(1).

计算机专业英语作业(1

一、Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese.

1.计算机

2.多媒体

3.硬件

4.软件

5.输入设备

6.存储器

7.外部设备8.处理器

9.鼠标10.语音识别

11.扫描仪12.寄存器

13.Arithmetic and logic unit 14.Binary form

15.Control unit 16.Instruction cycle

17.Execution cycle 18.Central processing unit

19.Universal serial bus 20.Universal parallel bus

二、For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the most appropriate one.

1.A personal computer keyboard includes .

a.a typewriter layout and a set of arrow keys

b.a numeric keypad

C.a Set of function keys

d.a11 of above

2.A display is a device that is used to display .

a.numbers letters

b.special characters

c. graphic information

d.all of above

3.system software includes and .

a.operating system and application software

b.operating system and programming language

c.special—purpose programs and application software

d.OS and special—purpose programs

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1e11256253.html,rmation flows from a computer into a peripheral device as .

a.output

b.memory

c.a program

d.input

5.programs are known collectively as .

a.secondary storage

b.software

c.stored programs

d.hardware

6.which is not common feature of most application software?

a.menus

b.toolbars

c.insertion point

d.alignment

7.Main memory holds .

a.data for processing

b.the program

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1e11256253.html,rmation

d.all of above

8.The number of bits that can be Processed at one time is a

a.register

b.cycle

c.word

d.PROM

9.Data and instructions are stored in memory at location known as

a.address

b.byte

c.word

d.number

10.The central processing unit (CPU had two parts: and .

a.control unit and ALU

b.ALU and register

c.register and control unit

d.ALU and memory

11.A holds enough bits to store a single character.

a.word

b.bit

c.byte

d.two bytes

12.A location in memory is accessed by its .

a.address

b.content

c.value

d.digit

13.Which is not the actor that some microcomputer are more powerful than others .

a.Speed

b.capacity

c.flexibility

d.application

14.The CPU has two main parts 。

a.the control unit and register

b.the control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit

b.the arithmetic/logic unit and register

d.the register and bus

15.In machine language, data and instructions are represented 。

a.in hexadecimal form

b.in decimal form

c.in binary form

d.in octal form

16.Data flow into the computer as 。

a.output

b.a process

c.a program

d.input

17.The physical components of a computer are collectively called 。

a.peripherals

b.boards

c.software

d.hardware

18.Inside a computer, characters are represented by 。

a.a binary code

b.registers

c.words

d.positional values

三、Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

As to the question“What is the most important component in a computer?”,nobody wou1d fail to give a correct answer to it—the processor.But when the questions move to the details of it,most of us might not have a clear picture.

A processor a component of a computer,is a functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions.Every processor comes with a unique set of operations such as ADD,STORE, or LOAD that represent the processor’s instruction https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1e11256253.html,puter designers are fond of calling their computers machines,so the instruction set is sometimes referred to as machine instructions and the binary language in which they are written is

called machine language. You should not confuse processor’s instruction set with the instructions found in high—level programming languages,such as BASIC or PASCAL.

An instruction is made up of operations that specify the function to be performed and operands that represent the data to be operated on.For example,if an instruction is to perform the operation of adding two numbers,it must know what the two numbers are and where the two numbers are.When the numbers are stored in the computer’s memory,they have an address to indicate where they are, so if an operand refers to data in the computer’s memory it is called an address.The processor’s job is to retrieve instructions and operands from memory and to perform each operation.Having done that,it signals memory to send it the next instruction.

This step-by-step operation is repeated over and over again at awesome speed.A timer

called a clock releases precisely timed electrical signals that provide a regular pulse for the processor’s work.The term that is used to measure the comput er’s speed is borrowed from the domain of electrical engineering and is called a megahertz

(MHz,which means million cycles per second.A processor is composed of two functional units——a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit——and a set of special work spaces called registers.

计算机专业英语第4次作业

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2010年9月1日

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2．'s . (√) 3．: . (√) 4． a 2000 . (×) 5．( ) a . (√) 6. , a . (√) 7. , ’s . (×) 8. ’t . (×) 9. . (×) 10. . (×). 三．.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。) （一）． 1. （） a. 操作系统 2. b. 输入. 3. ( ) c. 只读存储器 4. ( ) d. 应用软件 5. e. 中央处理器 6. f. 系统软件 7. g. 硬件 8. h. 随机存储器 9. i. 内存 10. j. 输出 1．e 6. j 2．g 7．a 3．h 8. d 4．c 9. f 5．b 10. i (二) ． 1. a

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6.code 7.hard copy 8.function/code/instruction [Ex 5] 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F Unit 2 [Ex 1] 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F [Ex 2] 1. sizes, shapes, processing capabilities 2. supercomputer, mainframe computer, minicomputers, microcomputers 3. mainframe computer 4.microcomputers, storage locations 5. portables, laptop computers/ notebook/palm-sized computer, desktop workstations 6.semiconductor 7. CPU, memory, storage, devices, processing, users 8. microprocessor ship [Ex 3] A. 1.C 2.A 3.H 4.I 5.E 6.F 7.G 8.B

计算机专业英语课文翻译部分(第四版)

1.2 总线互连 总线是连接两个或多个设备的通信通路。总线的关键特征是，它是一条共享传输介质。多个设备连接到总线上，任一个设备发出的信号可以为其他所有连接到总线上的设备所接收。如果两个设备同时传送，它们的信号将会重叠，引起混淆。因此，一次只能有一个设备成功地（利用总线）发送数据。 典型的情况是，总线由多条通信通路或线路组成，每条线(路)能够传送代表二进制1和0的信号。一段时间里，一条线能传送一串二进制数字。总线的几条线放在一起能同时并行传送二进制数字。例如, 一个8位的数据能在8条总线线上传送。 计算机系统包含有多种不同的总线，它们在计算机系统层次结构的各个层次提供部件之间的通路。连接主要计算机部件(处理机, 存储器, I/O)的总线称为系统总线。系统总线通常由50~100条分立的(导)线组成。每条线被赋予一个特定的含义或功能。虽然有许多不同的总线设计，但任何总线上的线都可以分成三个功能组：数据线、地址线和控制线。此外可能还有为连接的模块提供电源的电源线。 数据线提供系统模块间传送数据的路径，这些线组合在一起称为数据总线。典型的数据总线包含8、16或32根线，线的数量称为数据总线的宽度。因为每条线每次传送1位，所以线的数目决定了每次能同时传送多少位。数据总线的宽度是决定系统总体性能的关键因素。 地址线用于指定数据总线上数据的来源和去向。例如，如果处理机希望从存储器中读一个字的数据，它将所需要字的地址放在地址线上。显然，地址总线的宽度决定了系统最大可能的存储器容量。 控制线用来控制对数据线和地址线的访问和使用。由于数据线和地址线被所有部件共享，因此必须用一种方法来控制它们的使用。控制信号在系统模块之间传送命令和定时信息。定时信息指定了数据和地址信息的有效性，命令信号指定了要执行的操作。 大多数计算机系统使用多总线，这些总线通常设计成层次结构。图1.3显示了一个典型的高性能体系结构。一条局部总线把处理机连接到高速缓存控制器，而高速缓存控制器又连接到支持主存储器的系统总线上。高速缓存控制器集成到连接高速总线的桥中。这一总线支持连接到：高速LAN、视频和图形工作站控制器，以及包括SCSI 和FireWire的局部外设总线的接口控制器。低速设备仍然由分开的扩充总线支持，用一个接口来缓冲该扩充总线和高速总线之间的通信流量。 PCI 外部设备互连是流行的高带宽的、独立于处理机的总线，它能够作为中间层或外围设备总线。当前的标准允许在66MHz频率下使用多达64根数据线，其原始传输速率为528MB/s, 或4.224Gbps。PCI被设计成支持各种各样基于微处理机的配置，包括单处理机和多处理机的系统。因此，它提供了一组通用的功能。PCI使用同步时序以及集中式仲裁方案。 在多处理机系统中，一个或多个PCI配置可通过桥接器连接到处理机的系统总线上。系统总线只支持处理机/高速缓存单元、主存储器以及PCI桥接器。使用桥接器使得PCI独立于处理机速度，又提供快速接收和传送数据的能力。 2.1 光存储介质：高密度存储器 2.1.1 光盘 光盘技术最终可能使磁盘和磁带存储淘汰。用这种技术，磁存储器所用的读/写头被两束激光代替。一束激光通过在光盘上刻制微小的凹点，对记录表面进行写；而另一束激光用来从光敏感的记录表面读取数据。由于光束容易被偏转到光盘上所需要的位置，所以不需要存取臂。 对用户而言，光盘正成为最有吸引力的选择。它们(光盘)对环境变化不太敏感，并且它们以每兆字节比磁盘低得多的存储器价格提供更多的直接存取存储器。光盘技术仍在出现，并且还需要稳定；然而，目前有三种主要类型的光盘。它们是CD-ROM、WORM盘和磁光盘。 CD-ROM 1980年引入的，非常成功的CD，或紧密盘是设计来提高音乐的录音重放质量的光盘。为了制作一张CD，把音乐的模拟声音转换成等价的数字声音，并且存储在一张4.72英寸的光盘上。在每张光盘上可以用数字格式（用20亿数字位）记录74分钟的音乐。因为它的巨大存储容量，计算机工业的企业家们立刻认

计算机专业英语作业

计算机专业英语作业： 1、请将视频“什么是电脑硬件”中所述内容用英文表示。 For most people, computers are becoming a part of real life, the film will help you konw how it works. Their interior looks very complicated, but if the decomposition of parts, you will see a simple side of computers , This is《computer hardware in Plaining English 》,you see them, they are coming all shapes and sizes,but its work in some ways. In fact, if you can see their internals of computers, You will find that they all have the basic parts,the haddwares,do large part of the works in the computers.to explan,let’s look at some things you know ,like a house.what a great thing in the house is you have full space to put all the iterms.in fact ,many houses have basements.The basement is a good place to store debris.Basement, the more you can store.The same principle applies to computers.We need not boxes and bicycles, but photos, music, documents and https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1e11256253.html,plete this task in the computer hard drive rather than in the basement, a computer hard drive, holds all your files will be used later, like basements, like the larger hard drive, the more things you can store. Basement is not perfect, going to the basement to take the things you need to spend much time, maybe put a cupboard on the ground floor can help you solve this problem, you can quickly get the items you want, although the cabinet can not put too many items, at least you do not always go to the basement, in the computer too, The computer can not quickly access to the data stored in the hard disk, because the computer go a long way to gain access to the hard disk data. In the computer memory (RAM) is like a cupboard, RAM's full name is called [random access memory], which allows the computer to access data more quickly and, of course, it also means that the operation of RAM to make your computer faster , but this cupboard (RAM) has a drawback, the memory will be cleared of stored data When every time you restart, of course, to make the house a variety of household appliances can operate at the appropriate time, you must have an Explorer to help you manage these appliances, if the weather is too hot , you maybe need to open the air conditioner to adjust the temperature, when it is dark, you need to turn on the lights. Computers, too, must have a bit Explorer to ensure that all other parts are functioning properly, the Explorer is the processor (CPU), small size of the processor, like a computer exclusive (in charge), it will send and receive information and to assist the software to complete the work. The faster the processor, the faster execution speed of the computer would be, so, let us revisit. Hard drive, like a basement, it can store the information you need. Memory, like a cupboard, which can increase data access speed. Processor, like the Field Explorer, always able to complete the work that we deliver, but also to ensure the normal operation of the various parts. Next time, when you use the computer, think about plain English in the host computer's computer hardware what happened, the various parts of computer hardware complement each other, to help you do all the things I Common Craft's Lee LeFever, "Computer hardware of Plaining English "The film recorded by me, if you need a higher quality video, or need to use the authorization of the film, please contact me https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1e11256253.html, website. 2、请将以下英文翻译为中文。

计算机专业英语翻译

计算机专业英语翻译 1.1细看处理器与主存储器 我们已经了解到所有计算机有类似的能力且能执行相同的功能,尽管一些可能比其他的快。我们知道电脑系统有输入、输出、仓储、加工的元件,还知道处理器是计算机系统的“智能”部分,并且知道一个简单的计算机系统可以有几个处理器。我们已经讨论了在电脑系统中数据以被称作位的电子状态来表示。我们现在准备阐释计算机系统核心的内部活动——处理器。 电脑的内部操作很有趣,但真的没有什么奥秘的事。这种神秘性存在于那些道听途说和相信科幻作家的人心中。计算机是不会思考的电子设备,它必须插入电源,就像一台烤面包机或一盏灯。 毫不夸张地讲,市场上有几百种不同类型的计算机在销售。每种类型可能都很复杂,但每个处理器,有时被称为中央处理器或者说CPU,只有两个基本部分:控制单元,算术和逻辑单元。主存储器在处理器的内部发挥着重要作用。这三个——主存、控制单元,算术和逻辑单元——一起工作。让我们来看看他们之间的功能和联系。 与磁辅助存储设备,如磁带、磁盘相比,主存没有移动部件。没有机械的运动,数据可以以电子的速度被存取访问,接近光速。今天大多数电脑的主存使用 DRAM(动态随机访问存储器)技术。先进的DRAM芯片大约有1/8邮票那么大,大约可以储存256,000万位或多于25,600,000字符的数据。 主存储器,或者主存,提供给处理器的程序和数据暂时的存储。在可执行程序或数据 本材料版权归八舍109所有，任何人以任何形式使用请自觉支付版税～

可以被处理之前,所有的程序和数据必须被从输入设备(如VDT)或从辅助存储(如磁盘)转移到主存储器。主要的存储空间总是很少;因此,在一个程序被执行后,它占领的储藏空间会被重新分配给另一个等待执行的程序。 图1 - 1说明了所有的输入/输出(I / O)“读”或“用”主要的存储。图中(输入)探讨是在VDT上。消息被查询的形式,是通过一个渠道到主存储器(如同轴电缆)。消息被解释,处理机从辅助存储设备取出所需的程序和数据。程序和数据被“装好”,或移动,从辅助存储器到主存储器。这是一个无损阅读过程。也就是说,程序和数据被从主要存储器(暂时的)和辅助存储器(永久)中读取。数据根据程序指令被操作,报告被从主存储器写入到打印机。 一个程序指令或一块数据保存在的特定的主存单元被称为地址。地址允许程序指令和数据被存储,访问和加工。每一个地址的内容随着不同程序的执行和新的数据的处理是不断变化的。 主存储器的另一个名字是随机存取存储器,或RAM。一种特殊类型的主存储器,称为只读存储器(ROM),不能被程序员改写。ROM的内容被制造商作为“只读”所固化,设计在芯片的逻辑上,。当你打开微机系统,一个ROM中的程序自动启动计算机系统。然后ROM程序初步显示屏幕提示。 ROM的一种变种是可编程的只读存储器(PROM)。RPOM是让用户能装载“只读”的程序和数据的ROM。一旦一个程序被加载到PROM,它简直从不改变。然而,如果你本材料版权归八舍109所有，任何人以任何形式使用请自觉支付版税～ 需要能够修改内容的PROM,有EPROM,可擦写的PROM。在写操作之前,所有的储存单元必须被删除到同样的初始状态。 一个更具有吸引力的形式的主读存储器是电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)。在任何时候都可以写入,不需擦除原先内容,且只是更新寻址到的字节或多个字节。

计算机专业英语作业(2)

计算机专业英语作业（2） 一、Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese. 1．热插拔2．操作系统 3．芯片组4．输入输出端口 5．挂接设备6．键盘 7．触摸屏8．屏幕指针 9．光笔10．游戏杆 11．轨迹球12．显示屏 13．图标14．图形符号 15．高速缓冲存储器16．外部总线 17．远程访问18．调制解调器 19．宽带20．激光打印机 21．Crosshair cursor 22．Dragging and dropping 23．Portable computer 24．Machine address 25．Non-impact method 26．Monochrome output 27．Grayscale output 28．Ink-jet printer 29．Solid-ink printer 30．High-intensity laser beam 31．Replaceable color cartridge 32．Thermal-transfer printer 33．Thermal-wax-transfer printer 34．Dye-sublimation printer 二、For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the most appropriate one. 1．The basic input device on a sma11 computer is a ． a．display screen b．keyboard

计算机专业英语

计算机专业英语

?PC (Personal Computer) 个人计算机 ?CPU (Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器 ?RAM (Random-Access memory) 随机存储器 ?ROM (Read-Only Memory) 只读存储器 ?BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) 基本输入输出系统 ?IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) 智能磁盘设备 ?PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) 外部设备接口 ?SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) 小型计算机系统接口 ?CD-ROM (Compact Disc, Read-Only Memory) 只读光盘 ?EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) ?电可擦除只读存储器 ?DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc, Read-Only Memory) ?只读数字化视频光盘 ?USB (Universal Serial Bus) 通用串行总线 ?LAN (Local Area Network) 局域网 ?DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) 数字线用户 ?VDSL (Very high bit-rate DSL) 甚高位率数字线用户 ?POST (Power-On Self-Test) 开机自检 ?TFT(Thin-Film Transistro) 薄膜晶体管 ?LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示屏 ?CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) 阴极射线管 ?DLP(Digital Light Processing) 数字光处理技术 ?LCoS(Liquid Crystal On Silicon) 硅基液晶（也缩写为LCOS） ?SED(Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display) 表面传导电子发射显示?OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode) 有机发光二极管 ?PDP(Plasma Display Panel) 等离子显示器