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一、Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese.

1．热插拔2．操作系统

3．芯片组4．输入输出端口

5．挂接设备6．键盘

7．触摸屏8．屏幕指针

9．光笔10．游戏杆

11．轨迹球12．显示屏

13．图标14．图形符号

15．高速缓冲存储器16．外部总线

17．远程访问18．调制解调器

19．宽带20．激光打印机

21．Crosshair cursor 22．Dragging and dropping 23．Portable computer 24．Machine address

25．Non-impact method 26．Monochrome output 27．Grayscale output 28．Ink-jet printer

29．Solid-ink printer 30．High-intensity laser beam 31．Replaceable color cartridge 32．Thermal-transfer printer 33．Thermal-wax-transfer printer 34．Dye-sublimation printer

二、For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the most appropriate one.

1．The basic input device on a sma11 computer is a ．

a．display screen b．keyboard

c．printer d．card reader

2．The basic output device on a small computer is a ．

a．keyboard b．diskette

c．display screen d．plotter

3．A display screen is divided into a grid of ．

a．bytes b．pixels c．bits d．words 4．The indicates where on the screen the next character will appear．a．pixel b．cursor

c．picture element d．x—y coordinate

5．External devices are linked to a small computer system through ．a．channels b．plugs c．control units d．interfaces

6．The method with which dot—matrix printers form characters can include：a．striking a ribbon with a hammer

b．spraying ink with a nozzle

c．transferring the pattern with heat or laser

d．all of above

7．A(n) is temporary storage used to allow for the speed disparity between adjacent devices．

a．buffer b．control unit c．interface d．channel 8．On a large computer system a links external devices to the computer，and also performs a number of device- independent tasks．

a．channel b．buffer c．control unit d、register 9．On a large computer system a links external devices to a channel.

a．control unit b．buffer

c．register d．the link is direct

10．A computer’s internal components are linked by

a．cables b．software c．bus lines d．they aren’t

11．Data flow over a bus in

a．serial b．parallel c．either d．neither 12．On a microcomputer system, each peripheral device has its own ．a．channel b．interface c．control unit d．bus line 13．On a microcomputer, the directly controls I/O.

a．channel b．processor

c．bus d．interface board

14．The serves as a hardware/software interface.

a．system b．application program

c．control unit d．operating system

15．A user communicates with the operating system through ．a．instructions b．a program

c．hardware d．a command language

三、Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

Human being access a computer through its input and output devices．The basic input device on most small computer systems is the keyboard．As a user types characters，they are stored in the computer’s m ain memory. From there，they are output to a display screen ( the basic output device )，where the user can see them．If a permanent copy of the output is required，it can be sent from memory to a printer．Computers are not limited to character output，however，many systems support graphics．A screen is divided into a number of points called pixels．Images are formed by selectively turning the pixels on and off．A screen’s reso1ution is a function of the number of pixels．We briefly considered several other input and output devices and media，including punched cards，various types of printers，magnetic media, optical media, terminal，and voice I／O．

Finally，we turned to the problem of linking input and output devices to a computer system．Each device is electronically different，but the computer always deals with a common code．An interface board serves to bridge this gap．An input device sends its data to the interface，which converts the data from the external device’s form to the computer’s internal form and stores them in main memory. On output，information moves from memory to the interface，where it is converted to the external device’s form，and output．A buffer can help to adjust for the speed

Differential between adjacent devices；On larger computers，each external device is linked to a control unit．The control units are plugged into channels，and the channels are connected to the computer．In this chapter，we have focused on input and output，showing how human beings communicate with a computer．One of the advantages of putting data into a computer is that，once they have been converted to electronic form，they can be used over and over again．In the next chapter，we’ll consider long—term secondary storage．

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1. user
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6. information [Ex 4] instructions
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6. code 7. hard copy
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