阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导
二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导
命题方式的特点
词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。
考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种：
(1)在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。
(2)专业化程度较高的词。
(3)生僻词。
(4)常用代词。
命题方式的考法
1.猜测单词或短语意义------巧用线索猜词义。
（1）“定义同位”猜词义，主要包括定义释词和同位/举例
（2）“逻辑关系”猜词义
（3）根据构词法猜词义
2.考查代词的指代意义---------“就近原则”猜词义
3.句意猜测类-------“意义吻合”定句意
常见设问形式
(1)The underlined phrase “___” in the second paragraph could be replaced by ______.
(2)The underlined word “________” in the first par agraph probably means________.
(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph?
(4)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “________”？
(5)What does the underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
(6)What do you think the expression “________” stands for?
(7)Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word “______” in Paragraph 3?
(8)According to the passage, the underlined word “________” is known as ________.
选项特点
(1)正确选项的特点
①相应词语的同义词语。
②对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。
(2)干扰项的特点
①对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
②故意丢三落四。
③包含该词或短语的基本意思，而非在文章中的含义。
④望文生义项，即从原文表面理解该项为正确答案，但深层含义未在其中。
⑤半对半错。
⑥曲解原意。
猜测词义题的解题方法
(1)利用指代关系来猜测代词词义
代词词义的猜测即找出人称代词、指示代词或关系代词所指代的内容。对于代词所指代的内容的判断，首先我们要连读前后段落，了解前后两段文章的内容，然后判断所画线代词的类型。接下来仔细阅读前句，一般来说代词的词义推测主要是看前面句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。
(2)利用定义语来猜测词义
在许多情况下，作者预计到某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that，which，is等。
(3)利用定语或同位语来猜测词义
通常引出该词同位语的词语有or，that is，in other words等，还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
(4)利用文章中的举例来猜测词义
在阅读理解中考生可以根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。(5)利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义
当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时往往会运用对比的手法，即会用到对比的词语，例如反义词，也可以暗示出生词的含义。注意这些词语和内容则能帮助判断所需内容。能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有but，yet，however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
(6)利用构词法知识来猜测词义
分析复合词：如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词，可以从该词各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。学生同时要了解构词法知识，掌握大纲所要求的对前后缀的理解。
(7)利用上下文语境来猜测词义
通过对对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词进行推断来猜测词义。
(8)利用因果关系来猜测词义
因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把
词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有：since，as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so...that, such...that等。
考法综述此类题旨在考查考生在特定语境中理解词(短语、句子)的能力以及通过上下文或构词法猜测超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此，考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响到这类题的得分率。
命题法1词汇意义猜测题
典例1
Situation Ⅳ
Q：If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?
A：This is the reason why the word belated wa s invented. “Happy belated birthday！” is short for：“Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”
The underlined word “belated” in Situation Ⅳ probably means ________.
A．predicted B．returned C．cancelled D．delayed
【解题法】词汇意义猜测题的解题思路
(1)结合上下文，读懂语境。
(2)根据逻辑关系、构词法、定语从句、同位语等来猜测画线词的意义。
(3)把答案代入原文，验证上下文语句是否合乎逻辑。
命题法2代词指代猜测题
典例2There are many places to go on safari (观赏野生动物) in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.
What does the underlined word “They”refer to?
A．Flooded waters. B．Wildlife journeys.
C．Safari camps. D．Unique rides.
【答案解析】推理判断题。根据本段的several safari camps...和第二句的the camps...可知，这里的they指的就是the camps。故选C。
【解题法】代词指代猜测题的解题思路
(1)要知道代词one, it, that, they, them等用来指代上文中提到的事物，所以要从上文找。
(2)有时代词与指代对象相隔较远，要认真查找。
(3)有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。
命题法3短语或语句意义
典例3In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing _any_more_than_ necessary_was_ wasted_effort. One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment.
In Mrs Totten's eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson, Indiana, we were learning to add and subtract decimals (小数)．
Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day. On most days, our grades were based on our oral answers to homework questions.
Mrs Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets.She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.
Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer. This particular time, I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations.
What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate. As Mrs Totten made her way from the beginning of the class, I desperately tried to determine which math problem I would get. I tried to work it out before she got to me, but I had brain freeze and couldn't function.
When Mrs Totten reached my desk, she asked what answe r I'd got for problem No.14. “I...I didn't get anything，” I answered, and my face felt warm.
“Correct，” she said.
It turned out that the correct answer was zero.
What did I learn that day? First, always do all your homework. Second, in real life it isn't always what you say but how you say it that matters. Third, I would never make it as a mathematician.
If I could choose one school day that taught me the most, it would be that one.
What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?
A．It is wise to value one's time.
B．It is important to make an effort.
C．It is right to stick to one's belief.
D．It is enough to do the necessary.
【解题法】短语或语句意义猜测题的解题思路
(1)该类题主要通过上下文语境的定义、同位语、总结性话语来做出猜测。
(2)有时也需要借助转折词或因果关系的词来对比猜测。
(3)有时也需要借助举例来猜测。
专项训练
A
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”．Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”，usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
“We didn't take any notice of it，” Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them a chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
1. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B. Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C. Trees Are More Complex Than You Think
D. Trees Contribute To Our Society
2. In Simard's opinion, trees ________.
A. depend on each other
B. protect their own wealth
C. compete for survival
D. provide support for dying trees
3. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. “mother trees” are usually of no use to other trees
B. Charles Darwin had the same thought as Simard
C. people know much about the complex “tree societies”
D. if “mother trees” are cut down, the survival for the entire forest will be affected
4. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. how trees grow old
B. how “tree societies” work
C. how forestry industry develops
D. how young trees survive
【答案解析】
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的互助关系。快要死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好地成长。如果人们知道这些现象，就可以更好地保护这些树。
1．C标题概括题。
【关键句】①Would it surprise you to learn that，like animals，trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation？(第一段)
译文：了解到跟动物一样，树和树之间也会互相交流，并把它们的财富传递给下一代，这会使你感到惊奇吗？
②UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.(第二段第一句)
译文：UBC教授Simard解释了树是如何比我们大多数人想象的要复杂得多的。
【解题思路】根据关键句可推断出，砍掉“母亲树”会影响整片森林的生存状况。故答案选D。4．B指代判断题。
【解题思路】画线词出现在第五段段首，所以应该到上一段段末寻找it所指代的内容。上段最后一句指出，砍掉“母亲树”会影响整片森林的生存状况，由此可推断出，it指的是“树
的社会”是如何运转的。故答案选B。
B
Whether it's joining a school club, going to a friend's birthday party, or travelling by train, we can meet new people anywhere and anytime in our lives. However, many of us feel awkward when meeting people for the first time, especially when we aren't quite sure what to say. The situation feels cold, even icy.
“Breaking the ice” is a term widely used in the English-speaking countries to describe a small talk technique that can help rescue a conversation from certain failure.
So where do you even begin? Well, a good start is to accept that it is perfectly normal to feel a little nervous when talking to someone for the first time. They might look grumpy or scary, but they could turn out to be the nicest person you've ever met.
You might th ink that breaking the ice is difficult. But sometimes just a simple “hello”，followed by a three-second smile, can make all the difference.
Complimenting someone on their garment or accessories (饰品) is also a great, easy way to break the ice. You might say, “I love your jacket. Where did you buy it from？”
Being in an uncomfortable or unpleasant situation with someone new might feel terrible, but it can actually be one of the best icebreakers. By focusing on the situation, you come together to fight the common enemy: The long bathroom queue, for example, or the overcrowded bus.
You can make observations too. “What kind of drink is that？”“That's a lovely name. What does it mean？”“Do you study here too？” There are opportunities all around you to ask questions that don't seem weird, as long as you have some follow-up questions in mind.
If you're feeling extra bold, make a joke. Jokes can be difficult to master but if you get them right, they show the likeable, witty side of your character. “What's your name？”“We ll, people usually call me Mike, but you can call me tonight.”
5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. How to develop friendship with a stranger
B. Advice on breaking the ice when we communicate with a stranger
C. How to become a successful public speaker
D. How to start a conversation with a person
6. The underlined word “grumpy” can be replaced by “________”．
A. easily annoyed
B. gentle
C. low-spirited
D. cheerful
7. What can we learn from the passage?
A．“Breaking the ice” is a small talk techni que widely used in our daily communication all over the world.
B. As long as you can smile at others, you will make some friends.
C. Realizing that it's normal to feel nervous in front of a stranger is a good start to break the ice.
D. Being in an uncomfortable situation with some strangers can be the best icebreakers.
8. According to the passage, making a joke ________.
A. can be done with ease
B. leads to many new friends
C. can show your wisdom and lovely character
D. makes you enjoy your life happily
【答案解析】
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些与陌生人交流时打破僵局的建议。
5．B标题概括题。
【解题思路】通读全文可知，本文介绍了一些与陌生人交流时如何打破僵局的建议。故选B。6．A词义猜测题。
C
The moment a college student arrives on campus, he or she is_bombarded_with credit card offers. Advertisements for student credit cards are everywhere: in bags at the bookstore, in the campus newspaper, in your regular mailbox, in the residence halls.
With so many college students graduating with large amounts of credit card debt (figures vary, but most are at least in the thousands), learning how to manage a student credit card can be an important lesson for any student. While using a card wisely can be an important part of building credit and making it through a difficult time, knowing how to use a card wisely can be the hard part.
Stick to the following rules when, and if, you need to use a credit card：
?You can repay the charges within the card's next billing cycle.
?You must meet your basic needs, like food, clothing and shelter, but set rules and be aware that you will need to repay those charges at the end of the month.
?You can talk to the financial aid office in your school for an alternative in “emergency” situations.
If you do want a credit card, just be smart about it.(They let you into that school because of your brain, right？) Don't automatically get the first one you find. Shop around for a card that has the lowest interest rate possible, and consider places that may not be advertising on campus. Additionally, be aware of any card's repayment options: When will payments be due? How much will they be? A credit card is not like a loan that comes with a grace period(宽限期) after you graduate and waits until you are done with school. That new sweater and nice dinner out will need to be paid back right away.
9. What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Be confused by.
B. Be terribly hurt by.
C. Be attracted by.
D. Be surrounded by.
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. A college freshman should be careful when choosing a credit card.
B. Students should take a lesson about how to use a credit card wisely.
C. A credit card will be the only help for students in emergency situations.
D. The author doesn't appreciate the idea of having a credit card on campus.
11. What's the best title for this passage?
A. Economic Tips for College Students
B. Dos and Don'ts in Using Student Credit Cards
C. Mistakes about Student Credit Cards Use in College
D. Student Credit Cards—What You Need to Know
12. If this is a passage of a college newspaper, in which column can we read it?
A. Entertainment.
B. Advertisement.
C. Economy.
D. Education.
【答案解析】
阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导
二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导 命题方式的特点 词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。 考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种： (1)在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。 (2)专业化程度较高的词。 (3)生僻词。 (4)常用代词。 命题方式的考法 1.猜测单词或短语意义------巧用线索猜词义。 （1）“定义同位”猜词义，主要包括定义释词和同位/举例 （2）“逻辑关系”猜词义 （3）根据构词法猜词义 2.考查代词的指代意义---------“就近原则”猜词义 3.句意猜测类-------“意义吻合”定句意 常见设问形式 (1)The underlined phrase “___” in the second paragraph could be replaced by ______. (2)The underlined word “________” in the first par agraph probably means________. (3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph? (4)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “________”？ (5)What does the underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (6)What do you think the expression “________” stands for? (7)Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word “______” in Paragraph 3? (8)According to the passage, the underlined word “________” is known as ________. 选项特点 (1)正确选项的特点 ①相应词语的同义词语。 ②对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。 (2)干扰项的特点 ①对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
(完整版)词义猜测题
阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见设题方式：： 1. The word "…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________ 2. The word "…” is most likely to mea n _________ . 3. What do you thi nk the expressi on "…” sta nds for? 4. The un derl ined word "…” means. _____ ..... 解题方法 1. Definition 定义法 2. Con trast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Con text上下文 8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识 1. Defin iti on 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。______ a. It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.（） b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（） 2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比______ 的词有but、while、however、otherwise 等。 a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（） b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（） 4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing. b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （） 5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instanee, for example, such as 等。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（） 6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可 以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非） non-（不，非）-able （能…的）-less （不，无）-wards （向） Can you guess the right meanin gs? superma n microwave nonn atural mispr onounce homeless non smoker rebuild eastwards Eg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（
词义猜测题的解题技巧
龙源期刊网 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1e3453265.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧 作者：杨富章 来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。 词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。 常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进 一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：
英语阅读理解解题技巧(超强)
教你“五个绝招”破解英语阅读理解 阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径，阅读能力是英语教学的重点。近年来，注重对初中生阅读理解能力的考核已成为中考的一大趋势。阅读理解能力影响并制约听、说、读、写能力的形成和发展，中学英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标。要做好阅读理解，应从以下几方面入手。
猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧(技巧总结)
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词义猜测题解题技巧
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阅读理解过程中如何正确猜测词义-教学设计
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阅读理解---词义猜测 (公开课)
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阅读理解解题技巧(完整资料).doc
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时候还把一个人做的事情安在另一个人身上。伯父问我的时候，我就张冠李戴地乱说一气。 理解成语分三步： ①逐字解。张：________ 冠：__________ 戴：___________ ②解本义：“张冠李戴”原来指：__________________ ③解比喻或引伸义：“张冠李戴”现在指 _____________________________ 2、直接理解加点字、词，表达作者什么感情？ 答题技巧：结合文章中心，解释字、词在文章中的意思。 答题格式：这个词语采用了……手法，生动形象地写出了……的特点，表现了……的情感（或心理、情状）。 例：当天晚上，大刀队员们手握大刀，腰佩手榴弹，又悄悄地向卢沟桥进发。《卢沟桥烽火》 答：表现了我国守军的足智多谋、英勇善战，含有表扬赞许之意。 3、加点字、词换成另外的字、词，好不好？ 答题技巧：表态，一般答不好。先分别说出加点字、词和换的字、词的意思，再主要说用加点字、词的好处或换的字、词的不好，所以不能换。 答题格式：不可以。这个字（词）在文中是……意思，体现了……，而替换的字（词）只是……，如果换了不能写出……的效果，所以不能换。 例：“春风又绿江南岸”中“绿”字用得很好，可不可以将它换成“吹”字？为什么？ 答：不可以。（表明态度）“绿”在文中是作为动词，有“吹绿”“染绿”的意思，（解释字的意思），更能体现春风所带来的生机（在文中的作用和表达效果），而“吹”只是表示春风的动作，如果换了就不能体现这种生机，所以不能换。 4、加点字、词删去，好不好？ 答题技巧：表态，一般答不好。先解释原字、词的意思，在句子中有何表达效果，删掉有何效果，所以不能删。 答题格式：不能。加点字表示……，说明了（表现了）……。删
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高考英语复习：阅读理解词义猜测题 [层级一真题题组] A (2018·北京卷，D) Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self－driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1e3453265.html,panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self－driving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self－driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride－hailing(叫车)services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol－powered private cars worldwide with electric，self－driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services，considering the cost of self－driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
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