(完整版)新概念英语第一册笔记完整版

新概念英语第一册笔记完整版

?1）v. 原谅

?eg. Excuse me. 请原谅，劳驾。

2）n. 借口

?eg.It?s an excuse.

?me pron. 我（宾格:用来做宾语的。）

?eg. He loves me.

他爱我.

?eg. She cheats me.

他骗我.

?eg. Please tell me.

他告诉我.

Excuse me 的用法

这个短语经常被译作―对不起‖，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作―劳驾‖。

1）为了要引起别人的注意

?eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag?

2）要打扰某人或要打断别人话

?eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question?

3) 向陌生人问路

?eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station?

4) 向某人借东西

?eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen?

5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路

?eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me?

6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿

eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while?

?sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示―对不起‖。

1）请问几点了？

?eg. Excuse me. What time is it?

2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。

?eg. Sorry. 或者I?m sorry!

3) 对不起，我先失陪一下

?eg. Excuse me.

4) 误解了别人的意思?eg. Sorry. ?yes

1) adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答）

?eg. Are you mad? --Yes, I am.

2)经常用于应答，表示―什么事‖。?

eg. Excuse me?

请问/劳驾？

---Yes? 什么事？

--我准备把它带给我的姐姐。

I‘m going to take it to my sister.

--你打算怎样处理这些花？

What are you going to do with these flowers?

--我打算把这些花送给我奶奶。

--I‘m going to give them to my grandmother.

--你打算把这些画片怎么样？

What are you going to do with these pictures?

--我要把它们给我的姐姐看。

I‘m going to show them to my sister.

接双宾语的词

--show/ send/ take/ give

当sth 用代词it/ them 来代替时，只能用show/ send/ take/ give/ it/ them to sb.

Lessen 41

--cheese n. 乳酪，干酪（不可数名词）

--a piece of cheese 一块乳酪

--three pieces of cheese 三块乳酪

--There is some cheese on the plate. 在盘子里有一些乳酪。

--bread n. 面包（不可数名词）

--a loaf of bread 一块未切好的面包 --two loaves of bread 两大块面包

--a piece of bread 一片面包

--There are some pieces of bread on the plate. 在盘里有几片面包。 --noodle 面条，一般常用复数形式 noodles --dumpling 饺子

--sandwich n. 三明治 --hamburger n. 汉堡包 --soap n.肥皂

--a bar of soap 一块肥皂 --five bars of soap 五块肥皂

--There is some soap in the box. 在盒子里有一些香皂。 --soup n. 汤（不可数名词） --soap bubble 肥皂泡

--chocolate n.巧克力（不可数名词） --a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力

--Are there four bars of chocolate in the box? 在盒子里有没有四块巧克力？ --Yes, there are. --No, there aren‘t.

--Don‘t eat chocolate before dinner. 饭前不要吃巧克力。（祈使句的否定形式） --sugar n. 糖（不可数名词） --a pound of sugar 一磅白糖 --six pounds of sugar 六磅白糖 --some sugar 一些白糖 --sweets 糖果（Br.） --candy 糖果（Am.）

--coffee n. 咖啡（不可数名词） --Is there any coffee in the cup？

--black coffee: coffee without milk 不加牛奶的咖啡 --white coffee 加牛奶的咖啡 --tea n. 茶（不可数名词）

--There isn‘t any tea in the cup. 茶杯里没有茶了. --tobacco n. 烟草，烟丝（不可数名词） --a tin of tobacco 一听烟丝

--Give me three tins of tobacco. 给我三听烟丝。 --cigarette n. 香烟（可数名词） --a pack of cigarettes 一盒香烟 Questions:

Who is the tin of tobacco for? 那听烟丝是给谁买的？It is for you, Sam. The tin of tobacco is for Sam. Not very. 省略形式全句：It is not very heavy. What‘s in it? 里面有什么东西？在不知道里面有什么东西的情况下，我们一般用系动词单数形式is,而不用are. --What is in your handbag? 你的手提包里是什么东西？(问的时候并不知道包里有些什么东西所以用单数) --Three books. 三本书。 --who 用法相同

--Who‘s in the room? 谁在房间里？（问的时候并不知道房间里有几个人，所以用单

数） --My parents. 我的父母。

--three pieces of cheese 三块乳酪(复数加在量词piece的后面) --piece 还可以指条、片、张等 --a piece of paper 一张纸

--a loaf of bread 一个面包（指西餐中要切成片吃的块面包） --pound

1) 磅（重量单位）

--three pounds of sugar 三磅糖 2）英磅（货币单位） --one pound 一英磅 --three pounds 三英磅 --half 一半

--half a pound 半磅 --half a year 半年 --half a pound of sth

--quarter 1/4, 一刻钟，一个季度 --a quarter of……的1/4

--a quarter of a pound 一磅的1/4(即1/4磅) --a quarter of a pound of tea 1/4磅的茶叶 Is that tin of tobacco for me?

--for 给…, 为…(后面名词或代词宾格)

--This bottle of milk is for him. 这瓶牛奶是给他的。

--This bar of chocolate is for Susan. 这块巧克力是苏珊的。 --certainly 当然 --of course --surely (Am.)

It‘s certainly not for me. It‘s of course not for me. It‘s surely not for me.

--cheese/ bread/ soap/ chocolate/ milk/ sugar/ coffee/ tea/ tobacco

这些词都是不可数名词。不可数名词前面不能加不定冠词―a‖或―an‖,它们也没有复数形式。表示数理的短语有： --a piece of --a loaf of --a bar of --a bottle of --a pound of --a tin of 表示复数概念时在量词上起变化: --tow tins of tobacco --bird n. 鸟

--Some bird are flying over the river. 一些鸟正在飞越这条河。 --Kill two birds with one stone. 一箭双雕 --The early bird gets the worm. --any 一些 --some 一些

--any/ some 一些，后面都可以加可数名词复数形式也可以加不可数名词，some一般用在肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。

--There are some books on the desk. --Are there any books on the desk. 小结

1） there is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 --there are + 可数名词复数形式

当there be 后面跟几个并列名词时，我们要根据就近原则来确定be 的单得数形式。 --There is a pen and two books on the desk. --There are two books and a pen on the desk. 2) some与any 都可接可数复数名词和不可数名词

--some一般用于肯定句中，any 用于否定和疑问句中

3)不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不可以加不定冠词―a‖或―an‖. 4)一些量词的用法，表示复数概念要在量词本身起变化。 Lesson 43

--of course 当然

--certainly / surely (Am.) --kettle n. 水壶

--behind prep. 在…的后面

--A pretty girl is sitting behind me（me 做behind 的宾语）. 一个漂亮的女孩坐在我的后面。 --behind-------------after

--behind 是指方位的前后在….的后面

--Put the clothes tree behind the door. 把衣架放在门后。 --after 是指时间或顺序的先后，在…之后 --She came after me. 她在我之后来的。

--in front of 指方位的前后，是behind 的反义词，表示在…之前. --There is a tree in front of the house.在房前面有一棵树。 --before指时间或顺序的先后，是after的反义词，表示在…之前。

--You must come here before six o‘clock. 你必须在六点钟之前来到这里。 --teapot n. 茶壶

--now adv. 现在，此刻（现在进行时）

--a car race 汽车比赛 --hundreds of 数以百计的 --in the crowd 在人群中

--on the way home 在回家的路上介词：

--in 用在月份、年、国名前面

--at 用在时间、钟点、具体位置或方位的名词前 --on 用在具体日期、星期前

Lessen 71

--awful adj. 坏的

--What awful handwriting! 多么糟糕的书写！ --I had an awful day.

--The weather is awful. 天气糟糕极了。 --awful(very much) adv. 非常，极为 --It ‘s awfully hot today. 今天天气极热。 --I‘m awfully sorry. 我非常抱歉。 --telephone 1)n. 电话机

--My father bought a new telephone yesterday. 我的爸爸昨天买了一个新的电话机. --I can ‘t remember his telephone number. 我想不想他的电话号码了. 2)n. 电话

--answer the telephone 听电话 3)v. 打电话

--The awful man always telephones me. 这个讨厌的人总给我打电话. --time

1) n. 次(数) 可数名词基数词+ times (复数) 几次(二次以上)

--three times 三次 / four times 四次 --once 一次 / twice 两次

--He telephoned me three times this morning. 他今天上午给我打了三个电话. 序数词 + time (单数) 第…次

--the first time 第一次 / the second time 第二次 / the third time 第三次 2) 时间 (不可数名词) --Do you have time now? 你现在有时间吗? --I don‘t have time to do it. 我没有时间做它. --all the time 一直

--I looked very hard for the letter, and it was in my bag all the time. 我使劲儿找这封信,而它一直就在我的书包里.

--on time 按时,准时

--The train is on time. 火车准时到站. --for the time being 晢时

--I don‘t want to see him for the time being. 我晢时不想见他.

--For the time being, we can‘t make the decision. 晢时我们还不能做决定. --answer

1) v. 对…作出反应; 响应

--Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?

--Mary took a few minutes to answer the door. 玛丽拖了几分钟时间才去开门. 2) v. 回答; 答复--I don‘t think you‘ve answered my question. 我认为你没有回答我的问题.

--I wrote him several letters but couldn‘t get an answer. 我给他写了好几封信,可都没有回音. --answer the letter 回信 3) n. 答案; 解决办法

--Do you know the answer to Question 10? 你知道第10题的答案吗?

--This is one of the possible answers to today‘s environmental problems. 这是有可能解决当今环境问题的方法之一.

--last adj. 1) 前一次的

--last night 昨夜/ last week 上周/ last month 上个月/ last summer 上个夏季/ last year 去年 2) 最后的,末尾的

--the last Sunday in May 五月的最后一个星期天 --the last time 最后一次 --phone n. 电话

--again adv. 再一次,又一次 --Say it again. 再说一次.

--When can we meet again? 我们何时再见面? --Don‘t do that again. 下次不可以再这样.

--This must never happen again. 这样的事情以后不可再度发生. --again and again 屡次地,再三

地

--be oneself again (指身体或精神)恢复常态 --say v. (强调说话的内容)

What‘s Ron Marston like, Pauline?

--What is sb like? 可用来询问某人的外貌或品行. --What‘s her father like? 她爸爸是怎样一个人?

He

‘s awful! He telephoned me four times yesterday, and three times the day before yesterday. 他讨厌透了!他昨天给我打了4次电话.前天打了3次.

1) awful 讨厌的

--I don‘t want to speak to this awful man. 2) telephone 做动词,打电话 telephoned 过去式 3) four times 4次

--time在英语中作不可数名词时表示―时间‖,作可数名词时表示―次数‖, once 一次、twice 两次, 三次或三次以上通常用基数词+ times 表示

4）yesterday 昨天

--yesterday morning 昨天上午

5）the day before yesterday 前天/ the day after tomorrow 后天

--I washed all my clothes the day before yesterday. 我前天把所有的衣服都洗了。

--They are going to buy a new computer the day after tomorrow. 他们后天打算买一台新电脑。He telephoned the office yesterday morning and yesterday afternoon. My boss answered the tele phone. 他昨天上午把电话打到了我的办公室，是我老板接的。

--He telephoned the office…表示把电话打到了办公室 --answer the telephone = answer the phone 接电话类似的短语如：

--answer the door = answer the doorbell 开门

What did you boss say to him?

用what 对一般过去时提问时，后面的一般疑问句用did引导，谓语动词要用原形。

He said, ?Pauline is typing letters. She can‘t speak to you now!‘他说：―波林正在打信，她现在不能接电话！‖

1） He said---said 是say 的过去式, said 后面接说话的内容 2） --speak to sb 与某人谈话Then I arrived home at six o‘cl ock yesterday evening. He telephoned again. But I didn‘t answer th

e phone!

1) then 后来、接下来

2) arrive home 到家 home 为adv. 修饰动词arrive

3) telephone again 又打电话 again为副词，修饰动词telephone 4) 一般过去时的否定式用didn ‘t，谓语动词要用原形。 He telephoned at nine o‘clock.

--o‘clock 前需加整数表示整点时间，前面的介词用at.

I said, ?This is Pauline‘s mother. Please don‘t telephone my daughter again!‘ 1)This is …用在打电话时用

--This is Mary speaking. 我是玛丽

This is sb calling from…我是…，我正在…给你打电话 This is Wendy calling from Beijing. 问对方是哪位可以说：

Who‘s that, please? Who‘s calling please? 2) don‘t do sth 祈使句的否定式，表示不要… --don‘t telephone my daughter --again 表示再…

1).他前天下午5：30到家。

--He arrived home at 5:30 in the afternoon the day before yesterday. 4) 前天下午谁爬树了？

--Who climbed the tree in the afternoon the day before yesterday? Lessen 73 --week n. 周

--There are seven days in a wee, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Su nday .

--weekday n. 平日，工作日（星期一至星期五） --on weekdays 在平日，在工作日

--weekend n. 周末（星期五晚上至星期日晚上） --at weekends 在周末 --weekly

1) adj. 每周一次的

--a weekly wage 周薪 2）adv. 每周一次地

--I go to the swimming pool weekly. 我每周去一次游泳馆。 --London n. 伦敦

--I come from London.

--What‘s the climate like in London? --We arrived in London yesterday. --suddenly adv. 突然地--He suddenly came in. 他突然进来了。

--take an exam 参加考试

--pass an exam/ examination 考试及格

--fail an exam/ fail an examination 考试不及格 --cheat in an exam/ examination 考试作弊 --test (专项技能的)考试 --driving test 驾照考试 --pass

1) v. 及格，通过

--Only ten students passed the examination. 只有十名学生通过了考试。 --pass in +具体学科

--pass in mathematics 通过数学考试 2) 通过，前进

--The road is only wide enough for cars to pass. 这条路宽度只够小汽车通过。 3）穿过，越过--Every day I see him. He always passes me with a nod. 每天我看到他，他都点个头和我擦肩而过。 4）把…递给… (接双宾语)

--pass sb sth= pass sth to sb

--Please pass him the paper.= Please pass the paper to him. 请把这张纸传给他。 5）…消失，结束

--Come on! You‘ll be fine. The sorrow will pass. 好了，你会没事的，悲伤会过去的。 --mathematics n. 数学（maths是缩写） --She is poor at mathematics. 她数学不太好。 --Are you good at mathematics? 你数学好吗？ --I passed in mathematics .我通过了数学考试。 --question

1) n. 问题（反义词answer） --question and answer

--questions and answers 问题和解答

--May I ask you a question? 我能问你个问题吗？

--I can‘t answer the last tow questions. 最后两个问题我回答不上来。 --beside the question 离题的 --beyond question 毫无疑问

--He is beyond question the best student in this class. 他确实是这个班最好的学生。 --out of the question 根本不可能

--It is out of the question to make him help us. 让他帮助我们是不可能的。 2）v. 询问，审问

--I‘ll question him about what he was doing yesterday. 我想问他昨天做了些什么？ 4) v. 杯疑，对…提出异议

--I question his honesty. 我怀疑他是否诚实。 --easy adj.

1) 简单的，容易的反义词difficult

--This is an easy question. 这是个简单的问题。 --This is an easy job. --easy to do 容易做…

--The task is easy to do. 这个工作容易做。

--It‘s easy for sb to do…对某人来说做某事很容易

--It is easy for him to learn English. 对他来说，学习英文很容易。

--It is not easy for her grandfather to lift the box. 对她的爷爷来说，把这个箱子抬起来真不容易。 2）安逸的，舒适的，不用操心的

--lead an easy life 过安逸的生活。 3) 宽大的，温顺的，不严厉的

--be easy on sb / be easy with sb 对…宽容，不严厉 --Why are you so easy on her? 你为什么那么宽容她？ 4）短语

--Take is easy ! 放心好了，别着急。 --easy does it 慢点儿, 小心点 --enough 1) adv. 足够地

--He runs fast enough to catch up with his friend. 他跑得够快，能够赶上他的朋友。 --enough for sb to do 足够做….

--This room is big enough for us to live in . 这个房间我们住足够大了。 --You are not old enough to do it. 你还太小，不能做这件事情。 2）adj. 充足的

--Do you have enough time to do it? 你有时间作这件事吗？

--Do you have enough chairs for everyone? 你有足够的椅子给每个人吗？ --The pieces of paper are enough.

--enough+ n. + (for sb) + to do 足够（某人）做…的

--Do you have enough money to lend me five dollars? 你有没有足够的钱，借我5美元。 --There is enough food for us to last a week. --paper n.

1) n. 考卷（可数名词）

--Fifty papers are not enough for the students to take the exam. 五十份考卷不够学生考试。 2）报纸（可数名词）相当于newspaper --a daily paper 日报

--That will certainly get into the papers. 那一定会上报的。 3）论文，报告

4）文件，资料（常用复数形式papers） --important papers 5) 纸（不可数名词） --a piece of paper --three pieces of paper --fail

1) v. 不及格（反义词pass） --fail the exam 考试不及格

--fail mathematics 数学不及格 2）v. 失败（反义词succeed） --They failed. 他们失败了。 --The plan failed.

3) fail to do …未成做成某事

--I failed to pass the exam. 我没有通过考试

--I failed to see him this afternoon. 我今天下午未能见到他。 --Never fail to write to me. 别忘写信给我。 --answer --1) v. 回答

--He doesn‘t want to answer me. 他不想回答我。 2）v. 应答，回应

--Please answer the phone. --answer the letter 3) n. 答案

--Do you know the answer to this question? 你知道这道题的答案吗？ --mark

1) n. 分数（可数名词）

--get a high mark in English

--get 80 marks in mathematics 数学得了80 分 2) n. 记号，印，标记 --make a mark 做记号 --rest 1) n. 其他的东西

--You can eat up the rest of the bread. 你可以把剩下的面包吃光。

--You open the door and window. I‘ll do the rest. 你打开门和窗户，剩下的由我来做。 --The rest of the money was put on the shelf. 剩下的钱放在了架子上。 2）n. 休息 --take a rest

--have a rest 休息一下。 --difficult 1) adj. 困难的

-- a difficult job 困难的工作

--The book is difficult for the children. 那本书对小孩来说很难。 --difficult to do…. 做…. 是困难的

--The question is difficult to answer. 该问题很难回答。 --It‘s difficult for sb to do…. 对某人来说做某事很难

--It is difficult for her to type a letter. 打一封信对她来说很 2）难对付的

--He is a difficult man to get along with. 他是一个很难相处的人。 --hate v. 讨厌

--I hate dogs. 我讨厌狗 --hate doing…. 不喜欢做

--She hates cooking. 她不喜欢做饭。 --They hate typing there letters. --hate to do 不愿意….，不想做…

--I hate to say it, but you are mistaken. 我很不想说这句话，但你的确错了。 --low adj. 1) 低的--Be careful! It‘s a low door.小心，门很矮。 --a low price 低价格

--a low temperature 低温 --at a low speed 以低速度运行

2) (身体)弱的，没有精神的，意志消沉的

--He is in a low state of health. 他的健康状况不好。 --He is low with a cold. 他因感冒而没精神。 3) (声音) 低的

3. 轰动，轩然大波

--The news created a great sensation. 那个消息引起一场轩然大波。

Question: What reasons did Karen Marsh give for wanting to retire?卡伦，马什说她为什么想退休？ Have you just made a new film?

1. to make a film 制作一部影片，拍摄一部电影 --to shoot the pictures 摄影

2.have made have(助动词)+过去分词构成现在完成时 --just ―刚刚―，表示动作完成不久

--I have just come back. 我刚回来。

--I have just been to New York. 我刚去过纽约。/我刚从纽约回来。 --just now ―刚才‖（a short time ago） --是明确的过去时间，只能够用于一般过去时. --I saw him just now. 我刚才还看见他

--Tom told me the new just now. Tom刚才才把这个消息告诉我。 --I got the news a short time ago. (强调时间) 比较：

--Tom has just told me the news. Tom刚把这个消息告诉我。

（I know about it now, so you don‘t have to tell me that again.） Yes, I have.

--have完成时态的助动词

--I have. (简略回答)=I have just made a new film. Are you going to make another? --another 不定代词 I‘m going to retire. I fell very tired.

1. tired 过去分词充当形容词，通常称为分词形容词，此处作feel的表语。

2. feel v.即可作实义动词（感觉，摸），又可作系动词（感觉，觉得），区分的标准是看其后面的连带成份是名词或代词，还是形容词，接名词或代词时是动宾关系，接形容词时为系表关系。

--I felt his hands. They felt very cold. (前句中为实义动词，后句中为系动词。) --Do you feel hot? 你觉得热吗？（系动词）

--Yes. Don‘t you feel（实义动词） it?是的，热，你不觉得热吗？ --want to do sth 想要做某事

--want sb to do sth 要某人做某事 --I want to sleep. 我要睡觉。

--Do you want me to sleep? 你想让我睡觉吗？ 4.for a long time

--for 表示时间持续的长短，可用于任何时态。 --I stayed there for 3 days.

--I have lived here for more than 10 years. Let‘s buy a newspaper, Liz. Listen to this! 1. Let‘s buy= L et us buy.

--复合结构作宾语，us是let的宾语，buy是不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语的不定式有时带to,有时不带to,要引起注意。带to 的结构:

--want sb to do sth --ask st to do sth --tell sb to do sth

--order sb to do sth 不带to 的结构: --let sb do sth

--Let him go. 让他走吧 --make sb do sth

--They made me work for them.他们迫使我为他们工作。 2. Liz 是Elizabeth(伊丽沙白)的简称 3. listen to 听，表听的动作

--listen不及物动词，接宾语时必须加介词，构成及物动词短语。 --look at 看 --look for 寻找 --wait for 等待 --arrive at 到达 --arrive in

1. Sensational News 爆炸新闻=very exciting news

2. by our reporter by表示动作的执行者，意为―由….‖或―被…‖ --a book by Bacon 培根写的一本书

--an article by a politician 一位政治家的一篇文章 --3. arrive at 到达，通常表示到达一个较小的地方 --arrive in 到达，通常表示到达一个较大的地方

--I arrived in England on Friday. We first arrived at London. --arrive on 到达，通常指到达某一个地点

--The train has arrived on the platform 火车己到达站台

--The soldiers arrived on the island after half an hour.军队在半小时之后抵达了这个岛屿。 --The police soon arrived on the spot. 警察很快赶到现场。 4.wear ―穿着―=have on(强调状态)

--She was wearing a blue dress.= She was having a blue dress on. --put on ―穿上―,表―穿上‖的动作

--dress ―给…穿衣‖，对象是人，而非衣物

--She dressed her baby first, and then dressed herself. 她先给孩子穿好衣服，然后又为自己穿上衣服。 --be dressed in 穿着=wear=have on

--She was dressed in red.= She was wearing red clothes.=She was having red clothes on. 好穿着红色衣服

5. She told me she had just made a new film. --She had just made…名词从句作told的宾语

--had just made 过去完成时，表示动作发生在told这一过去动作之前。 6.She said she was not going to make another. --said 后面跟宾语从句 I wonder why!

1. wonder ―不知道，想知道―，表示疑惑

--I wonder who could do this. 我不明白谁会这样干 --I wonder if he will succeed. 我想知道他是否能成功 2.why, 省略说法

=Why she is not going to make another film. 宾语从句

如果主句是过去时态，从句也应该是过去的某个时态 Lesson 135

--future

1)adj. 未来的，将来的

--one‘s future husband 未婚夫 2）n. 未来，将来，前途

--The future is always unknown to us. 未来对我们来说总是不可知的。 --get married 结婚

--be married= get married 结婚

--The old couple has already been married for fifty years. 那对老夫妇结婚己50年了。 --married adj. 结婚的，己婚的 --marry v. 结婚

--He married a classmate from high school. 他与高中时代的同班同学结婚。 --hotel n. 饭店

--stay at a hotel 住旅馆 --latest

1) adj. 最新的

--the latest news 最新消息 2) adj. 最晚的（late的最高级）

--She was the latest person to come. 她是最晚来的人。 --introduce --1) v. 介绍

--introduce sb to sb

--May I introduce my friend George (to you)? 让我（向你）介绍我的朋友乔治。 --2) v. 把（新事物）引进（到…） --introduce sth into / to…

--New Paris fashions are introduced into Shanghai every year. 巴黎的新流行式样每年都被引进上海。 3）introduction n. 介绍

Question: Is Karen Marsh going to retire, do you think? Are you really going to retire, Miss Marsh ? --really 真的，确实，加强语气

I may. I can‘t make up my mind. I will have to ask my future husband. He won‘t let me make anot her film.

--I may. = I may retire.有可能，说明还没有确定。 --make up my mind 拿定主意，做出决定 --will have to 是have to 的将来时 --have/ has to 现在时 --will have to 将来时 --had to 过去时

--would have to 过去将来时 --have had to 完成时 --但通常不能用于进行时 --future husband 未婚夫

--let sb do sth 让（允许）某人做某事

--相当于allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

Yes, let me introduce him to you. His name is Garlos. We

‘re going to get married next week. --introduce sb to sb 将某人介绍给某人 --May I introduce my sister to you?

The plane is taking off. 飞机正在起飞。 --Put on your coat! --I‘m going to put it on. 翻译

--你准备把那个花瓶怎么办？

What are you going to do with the vase? --我准备把它带给我的姐姐。 I ‘m going to take it to my sister. --你打算怎样处理这些花？

What are you going to do with these flowers? --我打算把这些花送给我奶奶。

--I‘m going to give them to my grandmother. --你打算把这些画片怎么样？

What are you going to do with these pictures? --我要把它们给我的姐姐看。

I‘m going to show them to my sister. 接双宾语的词

--show/ send/ take/ give

当sth 用代词it/ them 来代替时，只能用show/ send/ take/ give/ it/ them to sb. Lesson 41

--cheese n. 乳酪，干酪（不可数名词） --a piece of cheese 一块乳酪 --three pieces of cheese 三块乳酪

--There is some cheese on the plate. 在盘子里有一些乳酪。 --bread n. 面包（不可数名词） --a loaf of bread 一块未切好的面包 --two loaves of bread 两大块面包 --a piece of bread 一片面包

--There are some pieces of bread on the plate. 在盘里有几片面包。 --noodle 面条，一般常用复数形式 noodles --dumpling 饺子

--sandwich n. 三明治 --hamburger n. 汉堡包 --soap n.肥皂

--a bar of soap 一块肥皂 --five bars of soap 五块肥皂

--There is some soap in the box. 在盒子里有一些香皂。 --soup n. 汤（不可数名词） --soap bubble 肥皂泡

--chocolate n.巧克力（不可数名词） --a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力

--Are there four bars of chocolate in the box? 在盒子里有没有四块巧克力？ --Yes, there are. --No, there aren‘t.

--Don‘t eat chocolate before dinner. 饭前不要吃巧克力。（祈使句的否定形式） --sugar n. 糖（不可数名词） --a pound of sugar 一磅白糖 --six pounds of sugar 六磅白糖 --some sugar 一些白糖 --sweets 糖果（Br.） --candy 糖果（Am.）

--coffee n. 咖啡（不可数名词） --Is there any coffee in the cup？

--black coffee: coffee without milk 不加牛奶的咖啡 --white coffee 加牛奶的咖啡

--tea n. 茶（不可数名词）

--There isn‘t any tea in the cup. 茶杯里没有茶了. --tobacco n. 烟草，烟丝（不可数名词） --a tin of tobacco 一听烟丝

--Give me three tins of tobacco. 给我三听烟丝。 --cigarette n. 香烟（可数名词） --a pack of cigarettes 一盒香烟 Questions:

Who is the tin of tobacco for? 那听烟丝是给谁买的？It is for you, Sam. The tin of tobacco is for Sam. Not very. 省略形式全句：It is not very heavy. What‘s in it? 里面有什么东西？在不知道里面有什么东西的情况下，我们一般用系动词单数形式is,而不用are. --What is in your handbag? 你的手提包里是什么东西？(问的时候并不知道包里有些什么东西所以用单数) --Three books. 三本书。 --who 用法相同

--Who‘s in the room? 谁在房间里？（问的时候并不知道房间里有几个人，所以用单数） --My parents. 我的父母。

--three pieces of cheese 三块乳酪(复数加在量词piece的后面) --piece 还可以指条、片、张等 --a piece of paper 一张纸

--a loaf of bread 一个面包（指西餐中要切成片吃的块面包） --pound

1) 磅（重量单位）

--three pounds of sugar 三磅糖 2）英磅（货币单位） --one pound 一英磅 --three pounds 三英磅 --half 一半

--half a pound 半磅 --half a year 半年 --half a pound of sth

--quarter 1/4, 一刻钟，一个季度 --a quarter of……的1/4

--a quarter of a pound 一磅的1/4(即1/4磅) --a quarter of a pound of tea 1/4磅的茶叶 Is that tin of tobacco for me?

--for 给…, 为…(后面名词或代词宾格)

--This bottle of milk is for him. 这瓶牛奶是给他的。

--This bar of chocolate is for Susan. 这块巧克力是苏珊的。 --certainly 当然 --of course --surely (Am.)

It‘s certainly not for me. It‘s of course not for me. It‘s surely not for me.

--cheese/ bread/ soap/ chocolate/ milk/ sugar/ coffee/ tea/ tobacco

这些词都是不可数名词。不可数名词前面不能加不定冠词―a‖或―an‖,它们也没有复数形式。表示数理的短语有： --a piece of --a loaf of --a bar of --a bottle of --a pound of --a tin of 表示复数概念时在量词上起变化: --tow tins of tobacco

--bird n. 鸟

--Some bird are flying over the river. 一些鸟正在飞越这条河。 --Kill two birds with one stone. 一箭双雕 --The early bird gets the worm. --any 一些 --some 一些

--any/ some 一些，后面都可以加可数名词复数形式也可以加不可数名词，some一般用在肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。 --There are some books on the desk. --Are there any books on the desk. 小结 1） there is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 --there are + 可数名词复数形式

当there be 后面跟几个并列名词时，我们要根据就近原则来确定be 的单得数形

式。 --There is a pen and two books on the desk. --There are two books and a pen on the desk. 2) some与any 都可接可数复数名词和不可数名词

--some一般用于肯定句中，any 用于否定和疑问句中

3)不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不可以加不定冠词―a‖或―an‖. 4)一些量词的用法，表示复数概念要在量词本身起变化。 Lesson 43

--of course 当然

--certainly / surely (Am.) --kettle n. 水壶

--behind prep. 在…的后面

--A pretty girl is sitting behind me（me 做behind 的宾语）. 一个漂亮的女孩坐在我的后面。 --behind-------------after

--behind 是指方位的前后在….的后面

--Put the clothes tree behind the door. 把衣架放在门后。 --after 是指时间或顺序的先后，在…之后 --She came after me. 她在我之后来的。

--in front of 指方位的前后，是behind 的反义词，表示在…之前. --There is a tree in front of the house.在房前面有一棵树。

--before指时间或顺序的先后，是after的反义词，表示在…之前。

--You must come here before six o‘clock. 你必须在六点钟之前来到这里。 --teapot n. 茶壶

--now adv. 现在，此刻（现在进行时）

--They are doing their homework now.他们正在做作业。 --Is he cooking a meal now. 他现在正在做饭吗？ --find v. 找到（结果）

--I can‘t find my watch. 我找不到手表了。 --look for 找…（动作）

--What are you looking for? 你在找什么？

--I‘m looking for my briefcase. 我正在找我的公文包。 --find out 查出（真相）

--We must find out the truth. 我们必须查出真相。 --boil v. 沸腾，开

--What are you doing? 你正在干什么？ --I am boiling the eggs. 我正在煮鸡蛋。 --boiling adj. 正在沸腾的

--the boiling water 正在烧开的水（沸腾的水） --boiled adj. 煮过的

--the boiled water 己经烧开的水情态动词 1）情态动词虽然具有实际意义，但却不能单独作谓语;

--I shall wait till next Monday. 我将等到下周一。

--Until now I knew nothing about it. 在此之前我一无所知。

--They work from morning till night day after day. 他们日复一日的从早工作到晚。 --Good-bye till next Monday. 下周一见作连词：

--He didn‘t call until 10 o‘clock. 他十点钟才打来电话。 --The rain did not stop until midnight. 雨到午夜才停。 --You‘d better wait until he comes back. 你最好等他回来。 --Let ‘s wait till the rain stops. 我们等到雨停吧。

--January Jan./ February Feb./ March Mar. / April Apr. / May May / June Jun / July Jul. / August Aug. / September Sept. / October Oct./ November Nov./ December Dec. 介词与表时间的名词的搭配表某一时刻用at

--at 10:00 at ten o‘clock

--at 4:50 at four fifty/ at ten to five

--at 6:15 at six fifteen/ at a quarter past six --at 9:30 at nine thirty/ at half past nine. --at noo n 中午

--at night 在夜晚，为习惯用法，表一般时间 --at present 目前，当前 --at the moment 当下，

此刻

表确定的某日或某日的上午，下午等用on --on Sunday / on Thursday --on Oct. 1

--on Aug. 2nd, 1927 --on Nov. 5th, 1528

表示在一段时间内用in 1) 上午、下午、晚上 --in the morning --in the afternoon --in the evening 2) 月份或季节 --in January --in October --in the fall of 1963 --in winter

--in autumn and winter 3)年 --in 1921 --in 1949 小结

1. 情态动词can, must，may 及其否定式和疑问句式。

2. 表时间的知语中，介词的应用。 Lesson 79

--shopping n. 购物

--go shopping 逛商店

--（go doing表示参加一种活动） --Shall we go shopping?

--No, I think it a waste of time. You just go around but buy nothing. 不去，我认为这是浪费时间，你只是到处逛街，却什么都不买。 --go swimming 去游泳

--I go swimming every afternoon. 我每天下午去游泳。 --go hunting 去打猎

--I often went hunting with my father when I was young. 我小时候常和父亲去打猎。 --do shopping 购物

--We do shopping every Sunday. 我们每周日去购物。

--She spends her money quickly. She does too much shopping. 她花钱花得很快，她买的东西太多了。

--do reading 看书

--I always try to do some reading when I am free. 我有空时总是设法看点书。 --do cleaning 打扫卫生

--Who does the cleaning in your house? 你家谁打扫卫生？ --do cooking 做饭

--My father never does cooking . 我爸爸从来不做饭。 --list n. 单子

--I need a list of your names. 我需要你们的一份名单。

--Please make a list of things you must do. 请把你必须做的事列一个单子。 --name list 名单 / shopping list 购物单 --vegetable n. 蔬菜，可数名词

--I like vegetables better than meat. 我对蔬菜比对肉更喜欢。

--Peas, cabbages, potatoes and tomatoes are all vegetables. 豌豆、白菜、土豆和西红柿都是蔬菜。 --need v. 需要

--What do you need? 你需要什么？ --I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。

--I need food, clothing, housing and love. 我需要食物，衣物，住房和爱。

--need 作情态动词，接动词原形，通常用于疑问句和否定句。

--Need I help him with his Lessons? 需要我帮他做功课吗？ --No, you needn‘t. 不，不需要。--You needn‘t tell me your ideas. 你不必把你的想法告诉我。 --need n. 需要

--Water is our greatest need. 水是我们最需要的。 --in need of 需要

--We are in great need of water. 我们非常缺水。 --hope v. 希望

--hope to do sth 希望做某事

--I hope to see him now. 我希望现在见到他。 --I hope to get a new car. 我希望得到一辆新车。--Everyone hopes to live a happy life. 人人都希望过上幸福的生活。 --thing n. 事情，东西

--What is that small thing? 那小东西是什么？ --I have many things to do. 我有许多事情要做。 --something 某物，某事不定代词

--Something must be wrong with my car. 我的车一定是出了什么毛

病。 --I hope to get something to eat. 我想找点东西吃。

--anything 任何事情，任何东西不定代词，用于否定、疑问句 --Do you have anything to tell me? 你有事要告诉我吗？ --I don ‘t have anything to do today. 我今天没事可做。 --nothing 没有事，没有任何东西不定代词--I have no money, no house, no love. I have nothing. 我没有钱，没有房子，没有爱，我什么都没有。 --There is nothing I can do. 我无事可做。 --I hear nothing. 我什么都听不见。 --money n. 钱，不可数名词

--He has a lot of money. He‘s rich. 他有很多钱，他很富。

--Which is more important, love or money? 爱情与金钱哪个更重要呢？ --Money can not buy everything. 金钱买不来一切。

Question：What does Carol want to buy? 卡罗尔想买什么？ I ‘m making a shopping list, Tom. --make a list 写单子

--I am making a list of your names. 我在写你们的名单。 --make a shopping list 写购物单

--We need a lot of things this week.= We have a lot of things to buy this week.

I must go to the grocer‘s. we haven‘t got much tea or coffee, and we haven‘t got any sugar or jam .

--go to the grocer‘s 去杂货店相当于go to the grocer‘s shop. --to buy things for everyday life. We haven‘t got much tea and coffee. = We have little tea and coffee. (我们只有很少一点茶叶和咖啡了。)=There remains little tea and coffee.（剩下的茶叶和咖啡不多了。） --or用在否定句中，表示―即不…也不…‖

--They are not doctors or nurses. 他们即不是医生，也不是护士。用and 则表示―不同时是‖--I am not a teacher and doctor. I am only a teacher. 我不是即当教师又当医生，我只是一个教师。 --I don‘t like beer and coco-cola. 我不喜欢把啤酒和可乐搅在一起喝。 --I don ‘t like beer or coco-cola. 我即不喜欢啤酒，也不喜欢可乐。 What about vegetables?

What about…? …又怎么样？

--Your mother is fine. What about your father? 你母亲很好，你父亲怎么样？ --I ‘ll go shopping. What about you?我要去逛商店，你呢？ What about…? How about…? 可以用来表建议。 --What about a cup of tea? That‘s great.

We haven‘t got many tomatoes.= We have got very few tomatoes. （我们的西红柿几乎没有了） I must go to the butcher‘s, too.

--too也，还用逗号与主句隔开，只用于肯定句和疑问句中。

--I bought some coffee. I bought some milk, too. 我买了一点咖啡，还买了一些牛奶。否定句中用either, 表示―也不‖

--I don‘t like tea. I don‘t like coffee, either. 我不喜欢喝茶，也不喜欢喝咖啡。 We need some meat.

--some meat 一些肉，meat是不可数名词 --a lot of meat 许多肉

--at all 根本，一点也（不）;用在否定句中，加强语气。 --I don‘t like it at all. 我一点都不喜欢。

--I didn‘t tell him anything at all. 我根本没告诉过他任何事。 --I never swim at all. 我从不游泳。 --not at all 根本不，一点也不 --Thank you very much. / Not at all. Have we got any beer and wine?

No, we haven‘t. And I‘m not going go get any!

--No, we haven‘t. = we haven‘t got any beer or wine.

--I‘m not going to get any!= I‘m not going to get any beer or wine. I hope that you‘ve got some m

oney.

--I hope that 跟从句，希望某人做某事

--I hope that you can come back early. 我希望你能早点回来。 --I hope that I haven ‘t made any mistakes. 我希望我没出什么错。 I haven‘t got much.= I haven‘t got much money. --much 不定代词，指代或修饰不可数名词，―许多‖，―许多东西‖。 --I don ‘t know much about him. 我对他不十分了解。 --I don‘t have much to do. 我没有多少事要做。 Well, I haven‘t got much either! --well 语气词，唉

--either用于否定句，―也不‖。 --groceries n. 食品杂货 --grocery n. 杂货店 --a grocery store 杂货店

--I‘m going to the grocer‘s to get some groceries. 我要到杂货店去买些杂货/ 生活用品。 --fruit n. 水果，单数作集体名词水果 --Do you eat much fruit? 你水果吃得多吗？ --No, only a little. 不多，只吃一点。 --stationery n. (总称词) 文具

--He has finished his homework. So has she. --They saw peter yesterday. So did I. --We can drive. S o can we. She isn‘t hungry. Neither am I.

--They don‘t like maths. Neither do we. --They haven‘t moved out. Neither have I. --He didn‘t shav e yesterday. Neither did he. --I won‘t go to Paris. Neither will I.

Question: Who has got some small change? 谁有零钱？ Fares, please! 请买票！（这是公共车辆售票员用语）

I‘m sorry, sir. I can‘t change a ten-pound note. Haven ‘t you got any small change? --change v. 找零

--I can‘t change this note. 我找不开这张钞票。 --change v. 兑换

--I want to change pounds into dollars. 我想把英镑换成美元。 --change n. 零钱

--Do you have small change? 你有零钱吗？ --ten-pound 十镑的（作形容词修饰note）

--I have a ten-pound note. 我有面值十英镑的钞票一张。 --I have ten pounds. 我有十英镑Haven‘t you got any small change? 反意疑问句，表示人的惊奇不满或愤怒等情绪。 --Can ‘t you do it yourself? 难道你自己不会做吗？

--Don‘t you want to go with us? 难道你不想和我们一起去吗？ I‘ve got no small change. I ‘m afraid. --no+ n. (所有的东西全然没有)

I‘ve got no small change. / I haven‘t got any small change. 第一句更要强调―没有任何一点零钱‖。 I‘ll ask some of the passengers. --will 表示临时决定 --be going to 表示打算

--I‘ll answer the phone. 我去听电话。 --I‘ll open the door. 我去开门。

课文中，the conductor看到10镑钞票后才决定去问别人是否能够帮助找零，因此用will, 不用be going to. --some pron. 一些乘客

--of the passengers 介词短语，限定修饰代词some. Have you any small change, sir?

--change 作零钱是不可数名词，any用在疑问句中修饰change. I‘m sorry, I‘ve got none. --none 表示没有任何人或物，代词，指代不可数名词 --change 零钱

--none也可指代可数名词

--None of the students can answer the question. I haven

‘t got any either. = I have got none either. --either 用在否定句中 I‘m afraid I can‘t.

--I‘m afraid. 后面的宾语是个从句：I can‘t. Neither can I .

倒装句，表示我也不能，如果前句是否定句，后面要用neither, 时态要一致。 --I don ‘t know the time. Neither do I.

I‘m very sorry, sir. You must get off the bus. None of our passengers can change this note. They ‘re all millionaires! --get off the bus 下车 --get on the bus 上车

--get into the car 上小汽车/ get out of the car 下小汽车 --all 所有人（三个或三个以上的人或物） --They all like Paris.

--both都（用在两个人或物中）

--They both like Paris. 他们两个都喜欢巴黎。

Except us.

--except…除了

--Everybody went to the library, except me. 除了我每个人都去了图书馆。（去图书馆里的人不包括我） --except for…要不是

--Your essay is good except for some spelling mistakes. 要不是一些拼写错误，你的文章还是很好的。 I‘ve got some small change.(肯定句)

--若后一句要表示―也…‖, 要用so引导，时态要保持一致。 --They have left for Madrid. --So has Mr. Smith. 小结：

1.-so 与neither引导的简短回答，so表示肯定意义要，neither表示否定意义。 -change a ten-pound note 十英镑钞票找零 --small change 零钱 --get off the bus 下车 Lesson 115 --anyone pron.

--意义和用法与anybody相同，但anybody比较―口语―化。 1）（用于疑问句，if 从句）任何人，（用于否定句）任何人都不 --Is anyone there? 有谁在那里吗？

--You should not rely on anyone. 你不应该依赖任何人。 2）（用于肯定句）无论谁

--Anyone may attend his lecture. 任何人都可以听他演讲。 --knock 1) 敲，打

--I knocked at the door, but there was no answer. 我敲了门，但没有回应。 --He came in without knocking. 他没有敲门就近来了 2）用力打,揍

--He knocked me on the head. 他打我的头。 3）以…碰撞…,碰撞

--He knocked his leg against the desk. 他的腿撞到了那张书桌。 --knock down 把（人）击倒，(车等)撞倒（人）

--His son was knocked down by a car. 他的儿子被汽车撞倒 --knock it off (口语)住手，住嘴

--everything pron. 一切事物，每样事物 --Everything is good well. 万事如意。

--Tell me everything about it. 告诉我整个事情的来龙去脉。用法： 1）修饰everything的形容词置于everything之后。 --everything useful 一切有用的东西 2)最重要的东西

--Money is everything to him. 钱对他而言是最重要的东西 --She is everything to me. 她是我的一切。 --quiet

1)宁静的，安静的

--a quiet night 寂静之夜 --a quiet room 安静的房间 2）安祥的，安定的

--I‘d(would) like to live a quiet life in the country. 我想到乡下过悠闲的生活，。 --live a … life 过着…的生活 --in the country

3)(人，性格等)稳重的，寡言的

--impossible adj. 不可能的，办不到的反义词：possible --an impossible plan 不可能实行的计划

--It is impossible for sb to do…做….是不可能的

--It is impossible to get a taxi on such a rainy day. 在这样的下雨天是不可能搭到出租车的。 --It was impossible for him to solve the problem. 要他解决那个问题是不可能的。用法： 1）以人或事为主语时，impossible 不能做表语与不定式连用，必须用少作形式主语。 --It is impossible for him to do it. 要他做那件事是不可能的。 --He is impossible to do it. (错误) 2）it 也可不做主语，而做宾语。

--Illness made it impossible for him to go. / Illness made him impossible to go.生病使他不能

去。 --invite v. 邀请 --invite sb to ….

--He invited them to the party. 他邀请他们参加宴会。 --invite sb to do 邀请某人做…

--I invited her to have coffee. 我邀请她喝咖啡。 --invitation n.

--accept the invitation to the wedding. 接受邀请参加婚礼。 --anything pron. 任何东西

（用于疑问句，if从句）任何事物 (用于否定句)任何东西都（不）

--Did you say anything? 你说了些什么吗？

--Has anything happened during my absence? 我不在时发生了什么事吗？ --Do you want anything to drink? 你想喝点什么？

--If there‘s anything I can do for you, please tell me. 如果有什么我能帮你的，请告诉我。 --I didn ‘t eat anything today.= I eat nothing today. 我今天什么也没吃。用法： 1）用于疑问句，否定句，if (weather)从句，肯定句用something. 2）修饰anything 的形容词置于其后。 --nothing pron. 什么也没有。

--He said nothing about it. 那件事他什么也没说。

--There is nothing wrong with the engine.那引擎没有什么毛病。 --Nothing could change his mind. 没有任何事能改变他的心意。 --修饰nothing的形容词要置于其后。Nothing interesting --be nothing to 对…不算什么，毫无关系

--Both money and honor were nothing to him. 金钱和名誉两者对他都不重要。 --have nothing to do with 与。。。毫无关系

--The man had nothing to do with the bank robbery. 这个人与银行抢动案毫无关系。 --joke v. 开玩笑，戏弄，嘲弄

--My brother is always joking.我的兄弟经常开玩笑 --You must be joking.你在开玩笑吧 --I joked with him. 我和他开玩笑 --n. 玩笑

--He sometimes tells jokes. 他有时会说笑话。 --He can‘t take a joke .他经不起开玩笑。 --It ‘s no joke. 不是开玩笑。

--make a joke 开玩笑，说笑话。不定代词

一、英语中不定代词有下列三种：普通不定代词，个体代词，数量代词。 1. 普通不定代词 1） some/ any / no 2） somebody / anybody / nobody/ someone / anyone/ no one/ somethi ng/ anything / nothing 3） one/ none 2. 个体代词 1）

all/ every/ each/ other/ another/ either/ neither/ both/ half 2） everybody/ everyone/ everythi ng

--excited people 激动的人们

--exciting adj. 使人兴奋的，刺激的 --an exciting book 非常有趣的书 --get on

1) 登上（火车，公共汽车，飞机），骑上*（自行车，马）反义词get off --get in 上小汽车反义词get out of 2应付，过日子

--I am afraid I didn‘t get on very well in the exam. 我这次考试恐怕不太顺利 --opposite

1)prep. 在…对面

--The store is opposite the station. 那家商店在车站的对面 --The waitress stood opposite me. 那女服务员站在我对面 2)adj. (位置)对面的（立场，性质等）相反的，反对的

--He stood on the opposite side of the street. 他站在那条街的对面

--They walked away in opposite directions. 他们分别往相反的方向走去。 --Our office building is opposite to the bank. 我们办公大楼在银行的对面

--He and I are on opposite side is this debate. 在这场辩论里，他和我站在相对的立场 --Her views and mine are completely opposite. 她的看法和我的看法完全相反 3）n. 相反的事物

North and south are opposite directions. 北和南是相反的方向。 --curiously 1)adv. 好奇地 2) 奇怪地

--Curiously enough, he seems to have known what we would do next. 说来奇怪，他似乎己经知道我们下一步怎么做。 --curious adj. 好奇的，强烈的

--Children are naturally curious about everything around them. 小孩子对周遭的事情感到好奇是很自然的。 --curious to do 极想….

--I‘m curious to know what is written in his letter. 我极想知道他在信中写些什么。 --funny

1)adj. 可笑的，滑稽的 --a funny story 有趣的故事

I heard such a funny joke last night.

昨天晚上我听到一个非常有趣的笑话。 2）奇特的；难以了解的

"It's a funny thing, but she put the ring on the dressing table a few minutes ago, and now it's miss ing." "真是怪,她几分钟前才把戒指放在梳妆台上,现在却不见了。" --It ‘s funny that he said such a thing. 很奇怪他居然说这种话 --kindly adv. 和蔼地

--He treated me kindly. 他待我亲切。

--He kindly drove me home. 他好心开车送我回家

--take kindly to 欣然接受，容易地适应（通常用于疑问句，否定句。）

--He didn‘t take kindly to working for a female boss. 他不喜欢为女老板工作。 --ugly adj. 1)丑陋的，难看的

--an ugly face 难看的脸

--形容女性的容貌―难看‖时用plain --ugly 一词宜避免使用

--Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. 现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像挂在大门上。 2）不愉快的，讨厌的

--amused adj. 有趣的，表示（人表情等）愉快的 --amusing adj. 好笑的，好玩的，有趣的

--amuse v. 使（某人）快乐，逗乐 --be amuse to do 做…取乐

I had an amusing experience last year. 去年我有过一次好笑的经历。 --smile 1)v. 微笑

--She smiled when she saw me. 她看见我时露出微笑。

--"At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found." "在警察局里,一个满面笑容的警察告诉他,他的自行车找到了。"

--The two girls stood there smiling at the camera. 那两个女孩子站在那里对着照机微笑。 2)n.微笑，笑容 a smile on his face 他脸上的笑容

--embarrassed adj. 尴尬的，窘迫的，觉得不好意思的 --feel embarrassed 感觉不好意思

--embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的，令人困惑的

--embarrass v. 使人窘迫，使人为难，使人不好意思

--Making speeches in public always embarrasses me. 在众人面前演说时，我觉得慌张困窘 When I began to sing, he laughed and made me embarrassed. 我开始唱歌时，他大笑起来，使我感到很窘。

Question: Why was the mother embarrassed? 为什么母亲感到很尴尬？ Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children‘s party.

1)这篇短文讲的是作者与女儿坐火车旅行的一次经历。开篇用last week,确定了文章的基本的时态为一般过去时。 2. four-year-old 合成形容词，其中名词必须用单数形式。 --a 800-metre-long bridge 一座800米长的桥 3. was invited to 被邀请去，被动语态

I decided to take her by train.=I decided to bake her to the party by train. --decide 决定

--decide to do sth 决定去做某事

--I‘ve decided to pick up French. 我决定开始学习法语。 --take 带

Sally was very excited because she had never traveled on a train before. --excited 分词形容词，―激动的‖ --exciting 令人激动的

--interested 感兴趣的（说明人） --I am interested in the film.

--interesting 有趣的，令人感兴趣的（说明物） --This is an interesting film.

--because 连词，引导原因状语从句

--I won‘t do it, because I don‘t like it. 我不干，因为我不喜欢。 --on a train=by train

She sat near the window and asked question about everything she saw. 1)ask questions about 对…提出问题 2)）everything she saw 她所看到的一切

--she saw =that she saw 定语从句修饰everything

Suddenly, a middle-aged lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally. --middle-aged 中年的

--形容词+名词+ -ed，构成形容词，相当于with介词短语 --a long-faced man =a man with a long face一个长脸的人 --a big-eyed girl= a girl with big eyes 一个大眼睛的女孩 --get on the train 上火车 --get into the train

--get off the train 下火车 --opposite prep. 在…对面

―Hello, little girl,‘ she said. Sally did not answer, but looked at her curiously. The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat. --be dressed in (=wear, have on)穿着…

--In those years, everyone was dressed in blue or green. 在那个年代，人人都穿蓝色或绿色的衣服。 After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took out her power co mpact. 1)after, 连词，引起时间状语从句。

2.had left过去完成时，说明leave的动作，发生在另一过去作作open之前。

3.take out 拿出，取出 --bring out

She then began to make up her face. --make up 化妆，打扮

--She is still making up. 她还在梳妆打扮。

--The actors were making up when we arrived. 我们赶到的时候，演员们还在化妆。 --?Why are you doing that?‘ Sally asked. --doing that=making up your face

?To make myself beautiful,‘ the lady answered.

--to make myself beautiful 不定式短语做状语，说明make up her face(打扮)之目的 --She put away her compact and smiled kindly. --put away 放在一边，收起

--He put his books away, stood up and left. 他收好书，起身走了。 Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed!

--amused 分词形容词，高兴快乐的，开心的，有趣的 --amusing 有趣的，令人开心的

--embarrassed 分词形容词，尴尬的，窘迫的 --embarrassing 令人尴尬的，令人难堪的 --worried adj. 担忧的，担心的

--She is very worried about her sick mother. 她很担心她生病的母亲。 --worry v. 担心

--You have nothing to worry about. 你没有什么可担心的。 --worry sb 使（某人）担心，使烦恼--Don‘t let that worry you. 别为那件事担忧烦恼。

--He worried himself about his future. 他担心自己的将来。 --worry…..for…..緾着某人要…

--He worried his parents for a bicycle. 他緾着父母要一辆自行车 --worry…to do 緾着（某人）做…

--My wife is worrying me to buy a house.我太太老是緾着我买房子。 --regularly adv. 经常地，定期地

--He comes here regularly every Friday. 他每星期五固定来这里一趟。 --regular adj.

1)有规则的，定期的

--This is her regular route to her school. 这是她平常上学所走的路线。 2）有秩序的，整齐的，井井有条的 --keep regular hours 过有规律的生活

新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版

L1 Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. New words and expressions recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述 / ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后 叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。 portray：描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家 anthrop：人 philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人） anthropology :人类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前面 forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石 read of 读到 谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east 非限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人 fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生 migration ：移民１）migrant ２）immigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－自由

新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记

Finding fossil man 发现化?石?人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.　读到flint 打?火?石anthropomorphic ?人格 化拟1anthropo ?人类 的让步?一?一trace back date back read of read about a trace of ?一些

裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记完整版[1]

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