十八、定语从句(二)
十八、定语从句（二）
2）定语从句的种类
在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .为
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.他
非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。
例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
状语从句用来充当句中状语的主谓结构称为状语从句；它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词，从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况。在英文里，状语从句的位置较活：可以放在主句之前再用逗点与主句隔开；也可以放在主句之后。由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况，所以常见的状语从句有九种之多。各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同。讨论状语从句就只得分类进行：
1) 时间状语从句
常用的关连词有：when（当……时候）, whenever（在任何时候）, while（当……时候）, as（正当……时）, every / each time（每次）, before（在……以前）, after（在……以后）, since（自……以来）, till / until（直到……）, as soon as（一……就）, the moment（一……就）, the minute（一……就）, hardly … when（刚……就……）, no sooner … than（刚……就……），等。例如：
I'll tell you about it when we meet .我们见面时，我会告诉你有关情况的。
As he was carrying out the experiment , he found something abnormal .正当他在做试验时，他发现情况有些不常。
Please eat it while it is hot .请趁热吃。
It has been more than two years since we parted last time .自我们上次分手至今已有两年多了。
要点提示：
1）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。【关于这一点，在后面的条件状语从句中就不再重提了】例如：
Tom will tell him the truth when he comes back .他回来时，汤姆会告诉他事实真相的。He will not play football if it rains tomorrow .明天要是下雨，他就不踢足球了。Tom would tell him the truth when he came back .他回来时，汤姆会告诉他事实真相的。He would not play football if it rained the next day . 次日要是下雨，他就不踢足球了。
2）when, whenever, while和as这几个连词在表达意思方面比较接近，但是也有一定的区别：
whenever是when的强调形式；while和as的后面都可以用来表示"正值什么时候"或是"一边……一边……"的意思，因此后面都可以接"进行时" ；另外，如果将when改写在主句之前，可表示主句谓语动作发生的突然性。例如：
While she was watching TV , she was cracking seeds .她一边看电视一边磕瓜子。
As he was doing his packing , some of his friends came to say good-bye to him .正当他在收拾行装的时候，他的一些朋友来向他告别。
They were ready to go out when the telephone rang .（这个句子表示主句谓语动作rang 发生的突然性。按常规应该是：When they were ready to go out , the telephone rang.）3）注意till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性：until是till的强调形式，但是它们表达的意义是相同的，都表示"直到某时"。不过，当主句是否定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时）（某动作）才（发生）" ，这时候常会出现"not until …"的结构，如果将 "not until …"的结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。例如：
He didn't go to sleep until 12 last night . 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
They didn't realize their fault till we pointed it out to them .
Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .
但是，当主句是肯定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时某动作停止了）" 。例如：
The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom .
The young couple were very happy until they used up all their money .
可以说：Until they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .
不可以说：Till they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .
2) 地点状语从句
常用的关连词有：where（在……地方）, wherever（无论在什么地方），等。例如：
The university graduates are determined to go wherever they are needed most . They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight .
Where there is will , there is a way .有志者事竟成。
3) 条件状语从句
常用的关连词有：if（如果，假如）, unless（除非，要不……就不）, as long as（只要）, so long as（只要）, provided (that) （只要），suppose / supposing（假设）,on condition (that)（如果）,等。例如：
I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time .除非我能提前完成那个项目，否则我最近不会来看你了。或者：除非我能提前完成那个项目，我最近才会来看你了。
We can surely attain our goal as long as we are united as one .
What shall we do if we can not get the necessary data？
They promised to let us have a meeting in their office on condition (that) we could keep it clean .
要点提示：
1.在表示条件的状语从句中，既可以用直陈语气做"真实条件句"，也可以用虚拟语气做"非真实条件句"。至于把句子做成哪一种条件句，要依照"有关语法规则"和"表达意思的需要"而定。（例句省略）
2. 用unless 引导条件状语从句时，要注意这个连词自身在意义上是否定的：unless = if … not … 。因此，我们在逻辑上要注意：英文句子的用法和中文句子的译文。特别是当主句是否定句时，逻辑上的意思就成了"否定之否定而表示肯定"的情况了。例如：
I will not go to their party unless I am invited .
这个句子的实际意义等于：I will not go to their party if I am not invited .
这就是说，"我不去参加聚会"的条件是"我没有受到邀请"。"不去"与"没有受到邀请"就构成了"否定之否定而表示肯定"的情况了.)假如他们不邀请我，我不会去参加他们的聚会。
He will finish the work in time unless something unexpected happens .
这个句子的实际意义等于：
He will finish the work in time if something unexpected does not happen .
3. suppose / supposing这两个词所表达的意义和句法功能是一样的。它们与其他的引导状语从句的从属连词一样，引导一个含状语从句的主从复合句。而它们的特别之处在于：有时由它们所引出的条件状语从句常与主句分开而独立成句，但其意义和作用还是条件状语从句。这种情况多数出现在科技文章及某些论文里。例如：
Suppose no more rain fell into the Atlantic Ocean and no more water was brought to it by rivers .It would take the ocean about 4 ,000 years to dry up .假如不再有雨水注入大西洋，不再有河水流入大西洋的话；大约需要四千年的时间大西洋才会枯竭。Suppose your statement is right . How are you going to prove it?假定为你的观点是正确的，你打算如何证明这一点呢？
Suppose this poor girl is yours . We'd like to know how much you know about her .假设这个可怜的女孩就是你的；我们想了解你知道多少关于她的情况。
4) 原因状语从句
常用的关连词有：because因为, as由于, for 由于, since既然，由于, now that 既然，
由于, not that … but that 不是因为……而是因为……，等。例如：
He can't deliver his lectures today because he has got a bad cold .他今天不能去讲课了，因为他患了重感冒。
I may not be able to attend your wedding party not because I'm not willing to but because I've been caught by something recently.我或许无法参加你的婚礼了，不是我不想去而是近来有些事情缠着我无法脱身。
I won't dwelt too much time on this matter as it is known to everybody.由于大家都知道这件事，我就不在这件事上多花时间了。
Since you are busy enough we won't trouble you any more .既然你们忙得够呛，我们就不再麻烦你们了。
要点提示：
1）关于because , as 和 for 这三个词都是表示原因的连词，其中以because的语气为最强, 它表示导致某事情发生的"直接原因"；而as和for则表示某些"间接的理由"。另外，as引导的原因状语从句可以放在句首，而for则不行。例如：
Because it is raining heavily, we have to change our plan to go outing.现在下着这么大的雨，我们不得不改变去郊游的计划。
As the weather was fine, we decided to climb up the mountain. 由于天气晴朗，我们决定去登山。
She is loved by all for she is kind and pretty . 由于她长得漂亮、人又好而深受大家喜欢。
2）关于since和now that
这两个词在表示原因的时候是近义词，都有表示"既然"的意思。但其不同之处在于：now that 只能以"新发生的情况"作为某事发生的原因；而在表示"既然"意思的时候就没有这种限制。例如：
Now that the rain is going to stop, we'd better get ready for the afternoon's match .（此句中，Now that引出的从句显然是表示"新出现的情况"，在句子中作"主句动作发生的原因。也就是说，只有在这种情况下才可以用Now that引导从句，是表示"既然"的意思。）既然雨要停了，我们最好为下午的比赛作好准备。
Since you're so interested in English, why not have a try in the English Speech Contest ?既然你对英语这么有兴趣，为什么不试一试参加英语演讲比赛？
5) 让步状语从句
常用的关连词有：though（虽然）, although（虽然），as（尽管，虽然）, even if （即使）, even though（即使） , however（不管怎样）, whatever（无论什么）, whoever （无论谁）, no matter when ( how , what , who , where , which ) [ 无论何时（怎样，什么，谁，何地，哪个）] , whether … or （不管……），等。例如：
Air exists everywhere although we can't see it.尽管我们看不见空气，但它却无处不存在。
No matter where you go on the earth, you will feel the gravity.无论你走到地球的什么地方，你都会感觉到地引力。
We'll start our meeting on time whether he comes or not. 无论他来不来，我们将准时开会。
Even if we are approaching the end of the experiment, we still have no time to lose.即使我们即将完成试验，我们依然要分秒必争。
要点提示：
1）在中文里，我们有"虽然……但是"的表达方式；英文里though, although都表示"虽然"，but表示"但是"；这种情况特别容易误导我们在英文句子里犯错误：因为though, although与but不能连用。在英文句子，though, although引导主从复合句，表示"虽然……但是"； but引导并列句也表示"虽然……但是"。例如：
Although he is old, he is still energetic .（主从复合句，正确）尽管他上了年纪却还是依然精力充沛
He is old but (he is) still energetic . （并列句，正确）尽管他上了年纪却还是依然精力充沛
Although he is old, but he is still energetic .（错误）
2）当as作"尽管，虽然"的意思讲引导让步状语从句时，从句往往放在主句的前面，而且用作让步的部分总是提前到句首。例如：
Old as he is, he is still energetic. 尽管他上了年纪却还是依然精力充沛。（表语作为让步的内容，因此提前了。）
Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem .尽管他很努力但还是无法解决这个问题。 (谓语提前了.)
Much as you suspected him , you couldn't provide powerful evidence .虽然你非常怀疑他，但是你却无法提供有力的证据。（状语作为让步的内容，因此提前了。）
6) 方式状语从句
常用的关连词有：as（如同，按照）, as if（似乎，仿佛）, as though（似乎，仿佛），等。例如：
He speaks English almost as a native speaker does .他的英文几乎说得如讲英语母语的人一样。
He speaks English as if he were a native speaker .他讲英文的样子似乎象说英语母语的人。
She looked unwell as though she got a bad cold .她看上去身体不适好像患有重感冒。In this reading-room you can read anything as everyone does here .在这间阅览室里，你可以象这儿的每个人一样想看什么就看什么。
要点提示：
as if 或as though引导的方式状语从句中，如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气。关于这一点也取决于说话人的态度、看法。例如：
It gets darker and darker in the sky as if it's going to rain .（表示真实情况，是直陈语气）天越来越暗了似乎要下雨了。
She speaks as if she knew everything in the world . （表示非真实情况，是虚拟语气）她说话的样子仿佛似她懂得天下事。
7) 目的状语从句
常用的关连词有：so that （以便，为了）, in order that（为了）, lest（以免，以防）, in case（以免，以防）, for fear（以免，以防），等。例如：
We should do our utmost in order that we may be able to over fulfil the task . You'd better leave your phone number, so that I can call you before I come next time . Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity leak away .
要点提示：
在目的状语从句中，我们可以将这些引导目的状语从句的连词so that , in order that，lest , in case , for fear分作为两大部分：表示肯定意思--so that , in order that 是"为了使……发生"；以及表示否定意思--lest , in case , for fear是"为了使……不
发生，（以免，以防）"。另外，在表示否定意思的目的状语从句中，谓语动词往往用"should + 动词原形"或"动词原形"两种虚拟句式。例如：
He took his umbrella with him lest it rain .他带了雨伞，以防下雨。
I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind .
8) 结果状语从句
常用的关连词有：that（结果，以至），so that （结果，以至），so … that（如此……以至）,such … that （如此……以至），等。例如：
The temperature is increased so that the volume of gas becomes greater .
The mountain is so high that she can't climb it up to the top .
It is such a lovely day that everybody feels happy and gay .
He overworked too much that he fell ill in bed .他太过分劳累以至生病而卧床。
要点提示：
so … that 和such … that都是引导结果状语从句的从属连词，它们都表示"如此……以至"的意思，但其要求的句型结构不一样：so + 形容词或副词+ that ；such + 名词+ that 。例如：
He ran so fast that his brother couldn't catch upwith him .
He is such a naughty boy that he becomes unwelcome in his neighborhood .
She looks so lovely that everybody can't help taking a look at her when passing her by .
9) 比较状语从句
常用的关连词有：than（比……）, as … as（如……一样……） , "the +比较级… , the +比较级…"（越……越……），等。例如：
Her mother is not as tall as she (is) .她妈妈没有她高.
He is taller than his brother .他比他弟弟个高一些。
The more they discover about the brain, the more questions they can't answer in that area .
Computers are playing a more and more important role in our modern society .
要点提示：
有关比较状语的问题请看前面"形容词与副词的比较级和最高级"一章。这里只提醒一个关于比较状语从句的问题。那就是：than和as … as中的第二个as 都是连词，后面若是人称代词，应该用主格形式。例如：
Her mother is not as tall as she (is) .她妈妈没有她个高。（正确）
Her mother is not as tall as her.（错误）
I don't think that he is taller than I .我并不认为他比我个高。（正确）
I don't think that he is taller than me . （错误）
(完整版)定语从句超详细讲解
定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
高中定语从句练习题及答案详解
高中定语从句练习题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D . where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
高中定语从句精讲与练习与答案
定语从句 1什么是定语从句？ 由一个完整的句子充当定语的从句为定语从句。 2特点：和其它类从句比较，除了有引导词（关系词）定语从句有“先行词”。 3什么是先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词为先行词。 4定语从句的种类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 5定语从句引导词（关系词）的种类：关系代词和关系副词。 例：I work in a school which was built 50 years ago. 在此句中”school”为先行词，which 来引导定语从句，“which was built 50 years ago.”整句话来修饰先行词做定语，所以这是个定语从句。 注：定语从句的引导词通常置于先行词之后引导定语从句。（一）代词性引导词和副词性引导词，即关系代词和关系副词。代词性引导词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，副词性引导词有：when,where,why等，代词性引导词在定语从句中充当主语/宾语，副词性引导词在定语从句中充当状语。 注：what 不能引导定语从句，因为what从句属于名词性从句。（二）基本用法。 1．先行词性质不同要使用不同的引导词，先行词指人时，可用that,who,whom代指，who与whom的区别在于who是主格，在从
句中作主语，whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语，而that作主语/宾语均可。先行词指物时，用that/which代指，可见，that既可代指人的先行词，也可代指物的先行词。 例：Do you know the man that is standing by the door? 此句that 引导定语从句，代指先行词the man. 例：This is the book that I have been looking for . 此句that引导定语从句，代指先行词the book. 例：This is the book which I have been looking for. 此句which引导定语从句，代指先行词the book. 例：Do you know the man who is standing by the door? 此句who 引导定语从句，代指行行词the man,作从句的主语。也可用that引导从句，如” Do you know the man that is standing by the door?” 例：The lady whom we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown. 此句whom引导定语从句，代指先行词the lady，在从句中作宾语。也可用that引导即“The lady that we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown.” 例：As is known to all,China is a large country. As is know to all是个很常用的表达方式，这也是的定语从句，只不过它的位置不像别的定语从句在先行词的后面，本句as代指主句的含义“中国是个大国“。 As是一个特殊的引导词，引导定语从句时为代词。不像其他的
定语从句练习题含答案
定语从句练习题含答案 一、定语从句 1．--Only You is a TV program is popular with most young people. --Yes, it is definitely true. A．that B．whose C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：——《只有你》是一个深受大多数年轻人喜爱的电视节目。——是的，这是千真万确的。本题考查定语从句的关联词，what不能引导定语从句，首先排除C；that的先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose先行词指人或物，在定语从句中作定语；who的先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语。本句的先行词TV program指物，在定语从句中作主语，故答案为A。 点睛：在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 3） which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： Beijing is the place where （in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 2．Norman Bethune was a great man _____ gave his life to help the Chinese people. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：诺尔曼白求恩是一位伟大的人，他毕生致力于帮助中国人民。空格前名词man意为“人”，是先行词，后面是用来修饰这个名词，是定语从句部分，先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语，可以使用关系代词who/that，不能使用which（指物）/whose（指所属关系），what不能用来引导定语从句，故选B。
最新定语从句精讲精练+解析
定语从句 一.定义： 定语：定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词或代词。定语从句：用来修饰主句中一个词或词组的句子，称为定语从句。 要素：先行词（主句中被修饰的词）；关系代词副词（从句的引导词） 考纲要求：对于定语从句要求掌握以下内容： 1. 引导限制性定语从句的关系词 2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 4. 介词+关系代词用法 5. 不定代词数词+of which / wh引|r导的非限制性定语从句及其结构与并列句的判断 6. 关系词间的转换及选用 认识: Handsome boys = the boys who are handsome Beautiful flowers = the flowers which are beautiful 二.限制性定语从句： 限制性定语从句：这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。限制性定语从句 常由that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,a引导。 （一）关系词：关系代词和关系副词 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词:that, who, whom, which, whose 用法： （1）.限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which的情况:
a. 先行词为不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, much, little, none, few, some 等不定代词修饰时用that。 He did everything that he could to help us. There is little that I can do for you. b. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时用that。 This is the best book that I 've ever read. This is the first thing that I want to say. c. 当先行词是one of, the one, 或者先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last, few, jus等修饰时用that。 It is the one that you want. All the things that we can do is to give you some advice. It is the only thing that I like to do. d. 当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时用that。 They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school. e. 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，用that Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate? Which is the star that is nearest to the earth? f. 先行词是主句的表语且关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。 He is not the boy that he used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. (2) .限制性定语从句中只用which不用that的情况： a. 在非限制性定语从句中 She didn 't pass the exam, which made her sad. b. 关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. c. 先行词本身是that The clock is that which tells the time.
(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
高中英语定语从句精讲精练
高中英语定语从句精讲精练定语从句（学生版） 【知识储备】 1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。 2、先行词为时间、地点名词时的两种不同选择。 3、“介词+which”与when, where和“介词+what”。 4、限制性与非限制性定语从句。 5、as和 which引导的非限制性从句之异同。 6、关系代词的省略。 7、定语从句与同位语从句之区别。 8、定语从句与强调句型之区别。 9、where, when引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别。 1、关系代词/副词的三大功能。 1.Her sister has become a lawyer, ____she wanted to be. (05年高考湖北卷第29题) A. who B .that C .what D. which 2.____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05年高考浙江卷第17题) A. When B. After C. As D. Since 3.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C .in which D. for which 4.---Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one ____you know I used to work for years. (05福建 A. that B. which C. where D. what 5.He was educated at a local grammar school, ____he went on to Cambridge. (05年高考山东卷第30题) A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2810861566.html,st month, parts of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____effects the people are still suffering. (05) A. that B. whose C. those D. what 7.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A .that B. which C. when D. where 8.I have many friends, _____some are businessmen. (05年高考全国卷I第24题) A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 9.I walked in our garden, ____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. 05年 A. which B. when C. where D. that 10.What surprised me was not what he said but _____he said it. (04年高考湖北卷第29题) A. the way B .in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
十八、定语从句(二)
十八、定语从句（二） 2）定语从句的种类 在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别： 限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如： Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .为 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.他 非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .） The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。 The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句： The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。 状语从句用来充当句中状语的主谓结构称为状语从句；它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词，从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况。在英文里，状语从句的位置较活：可以放在主句之前再用逗点与主句隔开；也可以放在主句之后。由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况，所以常见的状语从句有九种之多。各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同。讨论状语从句就只得分类进行：
专题18 定语从句
专题18 定语从句 (2017?湖北咸宁) 31. 一CCTV has produced a TV show-Chinese Poetry Competition. Have you seen it? 一Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, _________ studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan, is the winner. A. which B. where C. who D. whom 31. C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：——中央电视台已经开播了一档新的电视节目《中国诗歌大赛》。你看过这个节目吗？——当然看过了。在复旦大学附中学习的16岁的学生武亦姝是大赛的获胜者。定语从句的引导词which用来指物；where用来指地点；who和whom用来指人，前者在定语从句中一般作主语；后者作宾语。这里指代武亦姝，在从句中作主语。故选C。 (2017·广东省)44. According to a survey, people _______ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 44. D【解析】考查定语从句连接词。people为定语从句的先行词，当先行词为人时，需用 who或that。故选D。 (2017·甘肃天水) 34. Tu Youyou is the woman ___________ used the plant’s special power to save millions of lives. A. which B. who C. whose D. / 34. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦是一位运用了植物的特殊能量挽救了数百万人的生命的女性。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，空格后从句缺少主语，且先行词为woman，故用关系代词who修饰woman。故选B。 (2017?四川成都) 39. A kind of shared bike is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu. A. it B. who C. which 39. C 【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：一种名叫“小蓝单车”的共享自行车在成都正变得越来越受欢迎。关系词who和which都可引导定语从句，who指代人；which指代物，这里的先行词bike是物，故用which引导定语从句。故选C。 (2017·甘肃兰州) 32. She often parks her car near the house ______ she can easily get to. A. where B. who C. which D. what 32. C 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。______ she can easily get to是house的定语从句，先行词house是物，该词在定语从句中做宾语，因此用代词。故选C。 38. （2017·湖北随州）—Why are you so worried? —I've lost the watch _______ my dad bought me on my birthday. A. what B. who C. whose D. which 38. D【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：—为什么你这么焦急？—我丢失了爸爸在我生日那天给我买的手表。先行词为watch，表物，故关系代词需用that或which，故选D。（2017?湖南湘潭）26.I can’t find the shoes ____ I bought last week. So I have to buy another pair.
高中定语从句精讲
高中定语从句精讲 老师叮咛：李辉老师说，学任何东西先要把一些概念说清楚——正名的过程“名不正则言不顺”做任何一门学问，要知道这里头的概念说的是什么意思——这就是所谓的“正名”。无论学习什么，必须先搞定定义，明白我们要学习的是什么。下面有关定语从句的内容非常重要，希望你可以学会。经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真地整理校对、无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、背诵！ 1．什么是定语从句（attributive clause）? 定语从句从字面上看就是指在句中充当定语的句子。著名语法学家薄冰解释为，定语从句在句中作定语用，修饰句中的某一名词或代词。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。一般说来，定语从句紧跟在所修饰的先行词之后。 Eg： I don’t like the book（先行词）that I bought yesterday（定语从句）. 2．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句： 根据定语从句和先行词的语义关系把定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与主句关系非常密切，通常没有逗号隔开。限制性定语从句在句中不可缺少，否则主句的意义将不完整。非限制性定语从句与主句关系较为松散，它只是对先行词的附加说明，即使省去也不影响主句的意义。例如： Eg： 1）This is the best film that I have ever seen. （限制性定语从句） 2）Last night I saw a very good film, which was about robots. ( 非限制性定语从句） 3．定语从句的关系词： 定语从句的关系词按功能分为两类，一类为关系代词，在从句中充当主语和宾语；一类是关系副词，在从句中充当状语。详见以下思维导图： ↗which : 指物，在从句中可充当主语和宾语 ↗that : 既可指人也可指物，成分同上 ↗关系代词→who : 主格，指人，在从句中可充当主语 ↘whom : 宾格，指人，在从句中可充当宾语 定语从句关系词↘whose : 所有格，既可指人也可指物，充当从句中定语，指人 有时也用of whom, 指物时也可用of which ↗when : 在从句中充当时间状语 ↘关系副词 ↘where : 在从句中充当地点状语 4.选择关系词的诀窍： 通常来说，选择关系词的诀窍是： 1）判断是否为定语从句 A．定语从句一定要有先行词，否则不是定语从句，例如， Put the book where it is. 在此where引导的是地点状语从句，因为它没有指定地点的先行词，所以不是定语从句。但很多同学会用in which来代替where, 是错把此句当定语从句看。 试比较：Put the book to the place where it belongs.（此句where引导的定语从句修饰先行词the place）
定语从句中考真题及解析
2011年定语从句中考真题及解析 【2011呼和浩特】10. ---- Is there anyone here name is Betty? ---- Sorry, I don’t know. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 【答案】D 【解析】定语从句的考察先行词anyone 是人，在定语从句中做name的定语，所以应用关系代词whose。 【2011四川达州】24.—Where did you go last week? —I went to Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited the house he was born in. A. that B. there C. who D. whose 答案：A 【解析】本题考查定语从句的用法。根据上下文语境语意：-上个星期你去哪了？-我去了张爱萍的家乡，参观了她出生的地方。先行词“that”修饰“house”，故本题选A。 【2011?四川南充】26. Is that the man_______ helped us a lot after the earthquake? A. which B. who C. whom 答案：B 【解析】考查定语从句及关系代词用法辨析。句中先行词为the man,又因为关系词需要做helped的主语，故选who。注意：用which时，先行词只能是物；而whom只能做宾语。（2011四川资阳）20.—I hear that Lily’s brother is a worker here. —Look, the man _________ is working over there is her brother. A. who B. whom C. what D. which 答案：A 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。who “代替人”作主语或者宾语；whom “代替人”作宾语；what不用于宾语从句；which“代替物”作主语或者宾语；先行词为人，在从句中作主语。故选A。 【2011天津】44. John is the boy_____ legs were badly hurt in the accident. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 答案：A 【解析】定语从句。先行词是人排除D，根据句意：谁的腿，用Whose。 【2011清远】33. Have you read the book _____ is about the moon? A. what B. it C. / D. which 答案D 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。前置语为the book名词，用which代替。it 和what不能作定语从句的引导词。 【2011广西百色】34.The policeman caught the thief ______ has stolen Mr. Li’s computer. A. which B. whose C. whom D. who 答案：D 【解析】考查定语从句的引导词，which 用于指事儿；whose“谁的”；whom“谁”是宾格；who“谁”，是主格，先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，所以要用主作格。 2011桂林）37. The basketball ________ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan. A. that B. where C. who D. when 37.答案：A
英语定语从句练习题20篇
英语定语从句练习题20篇 一、定语从句 1．—Have you ever heard of Langlang? —Sure. He is one of ______ pianists ______ I have even seen. A．good; that B．much better; who C．the best; which D．the best; that 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 句意：——你有没有听说朗朗？——当然听说了。他是我见过的最好的钢琴家之一。Good 好的，better更好的；best最好的。形容词的比较级前可用much修饰，表示程度；形容词的最高级前通常要加定冠词。one of……之一，其后面的中心名词用复数形式，该名词前的形容词用最高级形式。先行词pianists在宾语从句中作宾语，他的前面有最高级修饰，该用关系代词that代替。所以选D。 2．Children like stories _______have happy endings, and so do many old people. A．who B．which C．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：孩子们喜欢有美满结局的故事，许多老人也是。who引导定语从句，修饰人；which 引导定语从句，修饰事物；what引导名词性从句。此处修饰先行词stories的定语从句，修饰事物，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选B。 3．Ant Forest is a popular mobile app_____ allows people to plant real trees in the desert by collecting “green energy points’’. A．what B．who C．whom D．which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 蚂蚁森林是一款允许人们通过收集绿色能量在沙漠里种植真的树木的流行的手机应用软件。 考查定语从句。本句为定语从句，先行词是a popular mobile app指物，关系词用which，故选D。
精讲18 定语从句
29.（2018·广西玉林）—Who got the First-ever Friendship Medal(友谊勋章) of China? —It’s Putin ___________ everybody knows so well in the world. A. whom B. what C. which D. whose 29. A 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：—谁曾获得了中国的友谊勋章？—是普京，世界上每个人都对他很了解。由于先行词是人，而且在逻辑上要充当从句谓语动词know的宾语，故选whom。 40.（2018·广西柳州）This is the most exciting match _____ I have ever watched. A.who B.which C.that 40.C【解析】解析：考查定语从句关系代词的选择。，句意：这是我曾经看过的最兴奋的比赛。先行词是match，排除A，先行词是被最高级修饰的时候，关系代词必须是that，故选C。 13.(2018·辽宁辽阳) The four tools △people use for Chinese handwriting are called “Four Treasures of Study”. A. that B. who C. what D. whom 13.A 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这四种人们用来写书法的工具被称为“文房四宝”。先行词The four tools是物，所以此处应与物有关。故选A。 （2018?甘肃兰州）38. I like the city the people are really kind and friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 38. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意为“我喜欢这座城市，这儿的人们很善良、友好。”分析题干可知此处定语从句修饰的名词“the city”表示地点，所以定语从句用where来引导，where 在定语从句中用作地点状语，故选“where”。 43. （2018·贵州贵阳）Amy is a creative lady set up a website to sell handbags made of old jeans. A. who B. which C. where 43. A考查定语从句的关系词。句意：艾米是一个很有创意的女孩，她建立了一个网站来买她用旧的牛仔裤做的手提包。本句中，先行词lady为人，故定语从句的关系词用who。故选A。 9. (2018·辽宁盘锦)A true friend is a person ______ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A. whom B. whose C. who D. which 9. C考查定语从句的引导词。句意：一个真正的朋友是向你伸手触动心灵的人。分析句子结构可知，修饰先行词是“人”，且在从句中做主语，应用who引导。故选C。 18.(2018 ? 吉林长春)Jack likes being with the classmates ________ are outgoing and kind. A. where B. which C. when D. who 18. D 考查定语从句。句意：杰克喜欢和外向而且善良的同学在一起。该句的先行词classmates指人，因此用who作为关系代词引导定语从句。故选D。 (2018·内蒙古呼和浩特)14.—Do you like the weekly talk show，The Readers，on CCTV? —Sure．It’ s a great TV program _________ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public． A.which B.that C.what D.whose 14.D 考查定语从句。句意：—你喜欢中央电视台的每周谈话节目还是朗读者吗？—当然喜