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科技英语翻译1

科技英语翻译1
科技英语翻译1

第六章科技英语翻译

English for Science and Technology

(EST)

第一部分

Part One

Procedures of today:

?An overview of EST

?Characteristics of technical terms (科技英语词汇特点)?Characteristics of the EST syntax (科技英语句法特点)

?Principles of translating EST

?Assignments

?―It appears that you’ve got the offer of a very good job.‖

―A wonderful job.‖

―Are you going to take it?‖

―I don’t think so.‖

―Why not?‖

―I don’t want to.‖

?―听说有个很好的工作要你去干。‖

?―挺好的工作。‖

?―打算干吗?‖

?―不。‖

?―为什么不干?‖

?―不想干。‖

?She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank open countenance and an innocent, different manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.

?那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格,一张坦率开诚的面容,一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛,里边隐藏着无穷的心事,只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。

?MONTREAL –Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four-point first period outburst, to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6—4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.

?【蒙特利尔电】在全国手球联赛中克拉克·约翰斯今晚初试锋芒,引起轰动。上半场领先4分,首开纪录。克拉克发挥中坚作用,约翰逊市高帽队终以6:4击败蒙特利尔市小鸭队,创造了连胜八场未负一场的战绩。

?The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig. 2. The full-scale reading of the meter alone maybe 15 volts. With the multiplier 150 volts may be acquired to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15 across the meter.

?如图2 所示,采用一种称为倍增电阻的串联电阻器即可扩大伏特表的量程。量表单独使用时的满刻度读数可以为15伏。倘有倍增电阻,指针偏转到满刻度的读数可达150伏,其中倍增电阻两端之间的读数为135伏,表头内的读数为15伏。

An overview of EST

?科技英语是从事科学技术活动时所使用的英语,是英语的一种变体(科技文体)。?科技文体泛指一切论及或谈及科学和技术的书面语或口语,具体包括:

?科技散文:如科技论述、科技论文、实验报告及科技情报资料等

?科技应用文:如科技使用手册等

?科技口语:如涉及科技问题的会议、会谈及交流用语,科技影片和录像等有声资料的解说词等。

?文体特征:文体质朴,行文规范,陈述客观,逻辑性和专业性强Characteristics of technical terms :

科技英语的词汇特点(一)

?大量使用专业术语

?词性转换多(几乎每个技术性名词都可转换为同义的形容词)

常用词汇专业化

Eg. eye, ear, mouth, nose, hand, finger, foot, head, neck, body, hair, tooth

孔环,吊钩,开度,喷嘴,手柄、指针,厚薄规,支座,冒口、刀架,座,机身,游丝,粗糙面

同一词语词义多专业化

Eg. phase 分段(土壤学),相(物理学),相位(电工学),位相(数学),型(动物学),周相(天文学),战斗阶段(军事学)

广泛运用构词法创造新词

?广泛运用构词法创造新词

Useful Dictionaries:

?Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English word formation, word beginnings and word endings

?Longman Dictionary of English Roots 《朗文常用英文词根词典》?A Dictionary of English Word Roots 刘毅,《英文字根字典》,北京:外文出版社,2000.

Characteristics of technical terms :

科技英语的词汇特点(二)

?名词化(Nominalization)

?抽象名词、动名词e.g. the discovery of electromagnetic wave= to discover electromagnetic wave电磁波的发现the generation of electricity by friction= to generate electricity by friction 摩擦生电

?名词连用(Expanded Noun Premodifiers ―扩展的名词前置修饰语‖)e.g. pressure difference 压强差voice recognition equipment 声音识别设备water pump valve 水泵阀

?名词为中心的动词词组表达动词概念e.g. make use of 利用keep watch over 密切注视give no evidence of 不足以说明Characteristics of EST syntax

( 科技英语句法特点)

?大量使用长句和逻辑关联词

?大量使用名词化结构,缩短句子长度

?广泛使用被动语态,强调事物本身,体现客观性

?多用一般现在时和完成时,过去时可用来表达不同的时间顺序

?大量使用非限定动词

?广泛使用后置定语

Syntax Characteristics of EST 1

?大量使用长句和逻辑关联词,显得正式、严谨

?原因:because of, due to, owing to, as, as a result of, caused by,

?转折:however, but, yet, nevertheless, otherwise,

?顺理连接:hence, consequently, accordingly, so, furthermore, in addition to,

?限制:only, if only, expect, besides, unless,

?假设:suppose, assuming,

?The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations, and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.

?为了解释光学现象,人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性质的介

质。这种尝试的结果,最初曾使人们了解到一种能传输横向振动的介质的具体实例,但后来人们得出了这样一个明确的结论:并不存在具有上述假定所认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。

Syntax Characteristics of EST 2

?大量使用名词化结构

?Archimedes first discovered the principle that water is displaced by solid bodies. ?Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. ?阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。

?In the mean time, the development of the needed prediction methods requires the interactive use of experimental and analytical means.

?同时,要求将实验手段和理论分析的方法结合起来,通过这种途径来建立起所需要的预估方案。

?The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the changes from day to night.

?地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜变化。

Syntax Characteristics of EST 3

?广泛使用被动语态

?We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance. We measure capacitance in farads.

?Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in farads.

?电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器,其储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。

Syntax Characteristics of EST 4

?多用一般现在时(Timeless Present)和现在完成时,过去时可用来表达不同的时间顺序

?All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid ,are made of atoms.

?一切物质,不论是气态、液态,还是固态,都由原子组成。

?When steam is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out as was taken in when steam was formed.

?当蒸汽重新冷却为水时,所释放出的热量与其原来形成蒸气时所吸收的热量相等。?When water is evaporated into steam, heat is taken in. When it is condensed again into water, the same amount of heat is given ont.

Syntax Characteristics of EST 5

?大量使用非限定动词

?A direct current is a current which flows always in the same direction.

?A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.

?直流电是一种总沿同一方向流动的电流。

?Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or mediocre; the tape containing the information required to produce the part can be stored, reused or modified when required.

?中小批量生产时,数控机床是极为有用的。录有生产零件资料的磁带可以得到存储,需要时,还可以重新使用或修改。

Syntax Characteristics of EST 6

?广泛使用后置定语

?In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light. ?热能在辐射时转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。

?Without voltage sufficient to overcome the resistance, current will never flow.

?没有足以克服电阻的电压,电流就不会产生。

?Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world. ?能学会做工,然后被扔下不管,自己仍会孜孜不倦地工作,但不能行走的机器人,甚至在今天也用于世界各地的工厂。

Principles of translating EST:

?了解相关专业知识

?准确理解词义

?仔细分析长句

?用词要得体

?熟悉构词法

Some more examples:

?One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problems, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and in concentrating on the main issues.

?经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一,就是建立分析模型。这种模型有助于认识管理问题的构成,排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素,从而有助于集中精力去解决主要的问题。

?All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.

?译1: 只要有足够的电位差,所有的物体都允许一些电流通过。

?译2:只要有足够的电位差,电流便可通过任何物体。

?Television is the transmission and reception of the images of moving objects by radio waves.

?译1:电视是通过无线电波的活动物体的图像的传播和接收。

?译2:电视通过无线电波发射和接收各种活动物体的图像。

?A one-celled animal or plant cannot, of course, survive the destruction of its one cell. ?单细胞的动物或植物,在仅有的一个细胞被破坏后当然就不能生存。

?You must pay attention to the working temperature of the electric machine. ?Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the electric machine.

?The quartz crystal does not vibrate at certain frequency until the voltage is applied.

?直到电压加上去以后,石英晶体才会以某一频率振荡。

?Under certain conditions, heat energy may be changed into mechanical energy, and mechanical energy into heat energy.

?在一定条件下,热能可以转换为机械能,机械能可以转化为热能。(形式主动句1)?The use of solar energy should be paid attention to.

?太阳能的利用问题应给于重视。(形式主动句2:―由‖、―把‖、―给‖、―给予‖、―加以‖、―予以‖等)

?Three-phase current should be used for large motors.

?大型电动机应当使用三相交流电。(完全主动句1)

?Fuzzy control is found an effective way to control the systems without precise mathematic models.

?人们发现,模糊控制是一种控制不具备精确数学模型系统的有效方法。(完全主动句2)

?The test instrument is joined to the circuit with all the switches off so that no current should flow.

?将测试仪器连接到电路上,并关断所有开关,使电路没有电流。(无主句)

?A motor which is too small would be subjected to frequent overload.

?容量太小的电动机时常会发生超载的现象。(转换谓语)

?Produced by electrons are the x-rays, which allow the doctor to look aside a patient’s body.

?电子产生的是X射线,医生用它作透视。

?One major medical experiment was carried out in a cylindrical chamber like this.

?一项主要的医学实验是在一个像这样的圆筒形空间内进行的。

?The furnace is lighted by an electric spark.

?这个炉子由电火花点燃。

?The earth is hit from time to time by streams of electrically charged particles poured out by the sun.

?地球不时为太阳发出的带电粒子流所袭击。

?The integrated circuit is welcomed by most of users.

?集成电路受到广大用户的欢迎。

Exercises in class

?Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.

?Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world. ?Electric welding is used to repair iron and steel parts of machinery, and to make steel pipe and frameworks of all kinds.

?Without voltage sufficient to overcome the resistance, current will never flow.

?今天,电子计算机广泛地应用于解决一些数学问题,这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送入轨道有关。

?能学会做工,然后被扔下不管,自己仍会孜孜不倦地工作,但不能行走的机器人,甚至在今天也用于世界各地的工厂。

?电焊可用于修理机器的铁制和钢制部件,还可以用于制作各种各样的钢管和其它钢结构部件。

?没有足以克服电阻的电压,电流就不会产生。

从科技英语翻译(1)

2007年6月 第8卷 第2期 长沙铁道学院学报(社会科学版) J un.2007 Vol.8 No.2  从文体特征谈科技英语的翻译3 禹智华 (中南大学外国语学院,湖南长沙 410075) 摘 要:每一类体栽的文章都有其独特的语言表现形式和结构规律。本文从文体学角度分析了科技英语在其词汇、句法、语篇等方面的特点及对其翻译方法的探讨。 关键词:文体特征;词汇;句法;语篇;翻译 在21世纪这个高度信息化的时代,科技英语越来越受到人们的重视。但对于大多数人而言,翻译科技英语时只是满足于表面的处理,并未研究真正的科学的语言,只是依据为一般读者编写的百科全书或图书中出现的通俗专业介绍。他们认为,只要懂得语法规则和一些科技词汇,就能够理解并翻译科技英语文章了。于是这样一个公式似乎顺理成章:科技英语=一般英语语法+科技词汇。其实不然科技英语它着重于对客观事物的描述,或者对逻辑概念的推理,因而在词汇、句法、语篇等方面有着与通用英语不同的自身特点,形成了独特的文体风格。从它特点看来,我们不仅要注意语法词汇等语言学的部分,同时更要根据英汉两种语言表达上的差异,进行原语与目标语之间的调整,使翻译作品更加符合译入语读者的思维习惯。 一、词汇特点 科技词汇主要由一般词汇、专业词汇和半专业词汇三部分构成,他们具有如下明显特点: 第一,科技词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语,具有庄重、正式的语体特征,如pharmaceutical(药品)、circumvent(阻止)、mechanical(机械的)、technology(技术)等词汇。这类词一般词形较长,难于记忆,其有效的手段就是通过英语的构词法来掌握,尤其是派生法。主要特点是通过添加前、后缀构成新词,不少科技词汇均由此产生,如mono(单一)———monoxide (一氧化物)、di(二,双)———diatomic(双原子的)、anti(抗,防)———antiage(防老化的)、super(超)———(天体物理学)、under(低于,次于)———underreaction(反应不充分)。 第二,不少动词短语往往由一些“稳重”的规范动词替代,体现了科技英语精炼、严肃、权威的文体特征,如turn on--complete、use up--consume和exhaust、put up with--tolerate。 第三,同一词语词义的多专业化,即同一个英语常用词不仅被多个专业采用,而且含义也各不相同。例如“order”一词,在日常英语指“命令、订购”等,在军事上指“队形”,在计算机领域指“指令”,在法律上指“法院上的决议”,在数学方面指“阶,次序”,建筑学则指“柱型”。对于这一类词语,只有通过上下文和具体的语言环境才能确定其真正的含义。 第四,广泛使用缩略词。据统计,这类词语大约有2~3万,其构成方式分有三种:(1)将词的部分截缩而构成新词,如parachute———chute(降落伞)、semiconductor———semicon (半导体)、technology———tech(技术);(2)将词组中的每个词的首字母加在一起构成新词,如Unidentified Flying Object ———U FO(不明飞行物)、Liquefied Natural Gas———L N G(液化天燃气);(3)从两个单词中抽出部分字母而构成新词,如rectifier transformer———rectiforlner(整流变压器)、telegram exchange telex(电传)。过程。因此,从各方面提高科技翻译工作者的能力及加强对科技翻译的研究,找出其特色也显得尤为重要。 二、句法特点 11被动句的广泛使用 因为科技文章的主要目的是讲述客观现象,介绍科技成果,说明生产过程等,所以无须指出行为的主体,使用被动句不仅比主动句更少主观色彩,而且可以使读者的注意力集中在叙述的客体上,与日常英语相比,科技英语更倾向于使用被动句。英语被动语态句的处理,不外乎两种方法:一种是仍保留为被动句,另一种是转换成汉语的主动句。下面以一些句子进行举例说明。 例如:The outside of the converter is made of steel plates. 转钢炉的外壳由钢板制成。 Electrons closer to the nucleus are held more tightly than those in the outer orbits. 靠近原子核的电子比外层轨道上的电子结合的紧。 21大量使用名词化结构和非谓语动词形式 这种结构和形式能够把原来的施动结构蕴藏在深层结构里,从而把更多的信息融于一体,使彼此的逻辑关系更严密,表达更精确,这符合科技英语追求语言表达简练、凝重、客观与浓缩的要求。例如下面这句话,科技英语借助非谓语动词形式和名词化结构,只用一个谓语动词就表达了汉语须用几个行为动词才能表达清楚的概念。Applied science,on the other hand is directly concerned with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affairs of life and to increasing man’s control over his environment,thus leading to the development of new techniques processes and machines.应用科学则直接涉及应用问题,它研究的是如何将纯科学的工作定律应用于实际生活,应用于加强人类对其周围环境的控制,从而导致新技术、新工艺和新机器的产生。 31长句较多 2713收稿日期:2006-12-16 作者简介:禹智华(1981-),女,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生。

科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料

Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理

小议科技英语翻译技巧

小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密,概念准确,逻辑性强,行文简练,重点突出,句式严整,少有变化,常用前置性陈述,即在句中将主要信息尽量前置,通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是:清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末,科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理,这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下: 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构(Nominalization)是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构,一方面简化了同位语从句,另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句,而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律,因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称;此外,要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实,而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计,科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态,例如:Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说:You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外,如前所述,科技文章将主要信息前置,放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器,

科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.

翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法

科技英语翻译1

第六章科技英语翻译 English for Science and Technology (EST) 第一部分 Part One Procedures of today: ?An overview of EST ?Characteristics of technical terms (科技英语词汇特点)?Characteristics of the EST syntax (科技英语句法特点) ?Principles of translating EST ?Assignments ?―It appears that you’ve got the offer of a very good job.‖ ―A wonderful job.‖ ―Are you going to take it?‖ ―I don’t think so.‖ ―Why not?‖ ―I don’t want to.‖ ?―听说有个很好的工作要你去干。‖ ?―挺好的工作。‖ ?―打算干吗?‖ ?―不。‖ ?―为什么不干?‖ ?―不想干。‖ ?She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank open countenance and an innocent, different manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. ?那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格,一张坦率开诚的面容,一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛,里边隐藏着无穷的心事,只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。 ?MONTREAL –Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four-point first period outburst, to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6—4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.

科技英语中专业术语的翻译

科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号:(M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988)

科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译:根据科技术语的含义,将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说,意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法,它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下: ①firewall ........ :防火墙 ②data mining .......... :数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ....................... :自动程序控制 2.形译:英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词,翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词,或保留原来的字母,这就叫形译。例子如下: I .-.bar ... 工字钢、工字条;O .-.ring .... 环形圈;twist .....-.drill .....麻花钻;X .-.Ray ...X 光;α.-.brass ..... α黄铜[1] 3.音译:根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等,在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下: gene .... 基因;quark ..... 夸克;Pentium ....... 奔腾 celluloid ......... 赛璐璐;nylon ..... 尼龙 Hertz .....(Hz )赫兹(频率单位);lumen .....流明(光通量单位) 4.缩写词:英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重,这类词如果译成汉语,就显得拖沓冗长,因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下: CPU ...:.C .entral Processing Unit ....................(中央处理器) ASCII .....:.American S .........tandard ....... C .ode ... for ... I .nformation .......... I .nterchange .......... (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ...:.A .synchronous ........... T .ransfer ....... M .ode ... (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下: WTO ...(国际贸易组织);UNESCO ......(联合国教科文组织);WHO ...(世界卫生组织);IOC ... (国际奥委会)

科技英语中专业术语的翻译

科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译:根据科技术语的含义,将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单 个词语来说,意译也就是直译。意译法时最常用的翻译方法,它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例如: ①firewall 防火墙 ②data mining 数据挖掘 ③automatic program control 自动程序控制 2. 音译:根据英语的发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些由专有名词构成的术 语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等,在翻译时都可采用音译法。例如: ·gene 基因;quark 夸克;Pentium 奔腾 ·celluloid 赛璐璐;nylon 尼龙、 ·Hertz (Hz) 赫兹(频率单位);lumen 流明(光通量单位) 3.形译:英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词,翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词,或保留原来的字母,这就叫形译。例如: I-bar 工字钢,工字条;O-ring 环形圈;twist-drill 麻花钻;X-ray X光;α-brass α黄铜 4.缩写词:英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占有很大的比重,这类词如译成汉语,就显得拖沓冗长,因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例如: ◎CPU:Centeral Processing Unit (中央处理器) ◎ASCII:American Standard Code for Information Interchange (美国信息交换标准码) ◎A TM:Asynchronous Transfer Mode (异步传输模式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种方法。例如: WTO (世界贸易组织);UNESCO (联合国教科文组织);WHO (世界卫生组织);IOC(国际奥委会) 注[1]:指含锌量≦35℅的铜铝合金。

科技英语翻译(1)

邢骏杰信息工程1班20091309010 We use touch screens everywhere: tourist kiosks, automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, industrial controls. Half a dozen vendors, plus in-house departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000. The market is growing because the interfaces are easy-to-use, durable and inexpensive. Touch screens employ one of three physics principles for detecting the point of touch. Pressing a “resistive” design with a finger or other stylus raises a voltage. In “capacitive” models, a finger draws a minute current (this method is often used for cursor pads on notebook computers). In other designs, a finger or stylus interrupts a standing pattern of acoustic waves or infrared lights that blanket the surface. Resistive screens are the oldest, most widely used and least expensive, and they work with any stylus (finger, pen). Capacitive screens must be touched by a finger or an electrically grounded stylus to conduct current. Wave screens are the newest and most expensive. Surface acoustic wave screens must be touched by a finger or a soft stylus such as a pencil eraser to absorb energy; infrared screens work with any stylus. The different technologies may be used in the same applications, although pros and cons lead to prevalent combinations: resistive screens for industrial controls and Palm Pilots; capacitive screens for slot machines; wave screens for A TMs and indoor kiosks. Most people are unaware of the type of screen they are using. But tricks can help you tell, according to Frank Shen of Elo TouchSystems in Fremont, Calif., the largest U.S. maker. Push the screen lightly with your fingernail (not your skin). If it responds, it could be resistive or infrared. In this case, place two separated fingers aga inst the screen at the same time. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is infrared (software registers the first touch); if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is resistive (the points are averaged). If the unit does not respond to your fingernail, again place two separated fingers against it. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is acoustic wave; if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is capacitive.

科技英语翻译专业词汇-电气

电气工程词汇 voltage 电压 current 电流 resistance 电阻 reactance 电抗 impedance 阻抗conductance 电导 inductance 电感 inductor 电感器capacitance 电容 capacitive 电容性的,电容的shunt capacitor 并联电容器 shunt 并联 series 串联 series circuit 串联电路 parallel circuit 并联电路conductor 导线 voltmeter 电压表 ammeter 电流表 arc 电弧 charge n 电荷v充电,带电,起电discharge v 放电 bridge 电桥 valve 电子管deenergize 断路 dielectric 不导电的/绝缘的generator 发电机 motor 电动机 audion 三极管diode 二极管potentiometer 电位器 step-up transformer 升压变压器power system 电力系统,电网transmission line 输电线 breaker 断路器 relay 继电器demodulator 解调器 radiator 散热器ventilation 通风,换气,通风装置alternating relay 交流继电器integrated circuit amplifier 集成电路放大器transistor amplifier 晶体管放大器terminal 端子 amplifier/magnifier 放大器 cable n 电缆v架设电缆fuse 保险丝熔断器interface 接口 amplitude 振幅幅度波幅digital signal 数字信号coupling 耦合 intermittent 周期的dislocation 错位 malfunction 故障 medium 介质 screen 屏蔽 dampen 阻尼 socket 插孔 ground plane 接地层 three-phasen 三相potential difference 电位差 active element 有源元件ideal independent source 理想独立电源watt hour meter 感应线圈frequency changer 变频器control switch 控制开关selector switch 选择开关current transformer 电流互感器power transformer 电力变压器phase voltage 相电压constant voltage source 恒定电压源alternating current 交流电流inverting 反相 out of phase 异相 self-inductor 自感 mutual-inductor 互感 ampere 安培coulomb 库仑 joule 焦耳 resistor 电阻器charger 充电器semiconductor 半导体absolute value 绝对值operating supply voltage 电源工作电压

科技英语翻译480句

一、时间(1-80) 1. When a wire is broken by bending it back and forth rapidly, some of the work is transformed into heat and the wire gets hot. 当把导线快速地(通过)来回弯曲折断时,部分功就转换成热,所以导线变热. 2. When the moon changes it position, so do the orientation of the tide-generating forces and the position of the equilibrium tide. 当月亮的位置改变时,引潮力的取向和平衡潮的位置也改变了. 3. The water vapor will change from its invisible state to condense into visible moisture when the dew point temperature is reached. 当露点温度达到时,水气将从其看不见的状态凝结成可见的水分. 4.When a user requests a set of resources, it must be determined whether the allocation of these resources will leave the system in safe state. 当用户要求一组资源时,必须确定这些资源的分配是否会让系统处于安全状态. 5.As the number of users sharing the segment increases, so does the difficulty of finding an acceptable segment number. 当合同程序段的用户数目增加时,查找可接受的程序段的号码的困难也增加. 6. The air pressure begins falling accordingly as a typhoon comes near. 随着台风的临近,气压开始下降. 7.While they are waiting in the ready queue, the I/O devices are idle. 当它们在就绪队列中等待时,输入/输出装置则空闲着. 8. At the same time the waves are fanning out, they are also separating by wavelength, a process known as dispersion. 当这些波向外扩散时,它们也在按波长分开,这一过程叫频散. 9.Current stars flowing at the very moment when we close the circuit. 当我们一接通线路,电流马上就开始出现.

科技英语翻译技巧

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