英国文学史上笔记-The Middle Ages
The Middle Ages
The Anglo-Saxon Period (449~1066)
Reference: 1) The literature of early period falls naturally into two divisions, Pagan and Christian.(异教徒文学和基督徒文学) Pagan represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagas (口头诗歌), the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil; Christian represents the writings developed under the teaching of the monks.(僧侣)
2) Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention Caedmon(开德蒙the first important religious poet in English literature) who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and wrote a poetic paraphrase of the Bible; Cynewulf(琴涅武甫), the author of poems on religious subjects.
Beowulf:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons, represents the spirit of pagan
Artistic features: 1) Using alliteration押头韵（Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound）
2) Using metaphor and understatement (Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way. Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas. 保守的陈述)
Things and Figures mentioned: Beowulf (the Teutonic hero) Hrothgar (the King of the Danes)
Heorot 鹿厅Grendel (the half-human monster)
Beacon (Beowulf墓上所建) Scyld 赛亚德
Definitions of important literary terms:
1．1)Epic (heroic poetry): An epic is a long oral narrative poem that operates on a grand scale and deals with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance. Most epics deal with the exploits(功勋)of a single individual and also interlace(交织、交错)the main narrative with myths, legends, folk tales and past events; there is a composite（复合的）effect, the entire culture of a country cohering in the overall experience of the poem. Epic poems are not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history. 史诗是长篇口头叙事诗，内容广泛，通常以重要传说或者重大历史事件为题材。大部分的史诗歌颂个人的英雄事迹，同时也在叙述中插入神话、传说、民间故事以及历史事件；一个民族的整体文化与全诗所讲的经历紧密联系，造成一种复合的效果。史诗不仅仅是愉悦人的传奇故事或者历史英雄事迹，它们总结以及表达了一个民族在其历史上一个重要或者关键时期的本质或者理想。(简要地说就是：a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.)
2)Alliteration (head rhyme or initial rhyme): the repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consonants(辅音) of words or stressed syllables(音节)—in any sequence of neighbouring words. Now an optional and incidental(附带的) decorative effect in verse(诗) or prose(散文), it was once a required element in the poetry of Germanic languages (including old English and old Norse挪威语) and in Celtic verse (where alliterated sounds could regularly be placed in positions other than除了the beginning of a word or syllable). Such poetry, in which alliteration rather than rhyme is the chief principle of repetition, is known as alliterative verse; its rules also allow a vowel sound to alliterate with any other vowel.
Other works: 1)Bede比德(excellent writer in Anglo-Saxon period)-
2) King Alfred the Great艾尔弗雷德大帝(英国散文之父)-
The Anglo-Norman Period (1066~1350)
Reference: 1)The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, in marked contrast with the strength and somberness(昏暗、暗淡) of Anglo-Saxon poetry.
2)English literature at the Anglo-Norman period was a combination of French and Saxon elements.
Works: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight （Alliteration）
Things and Figures mentioned: Gawain(the knight) Arthur(the king) Camelot(Arthur’s palace)
The Green Knight(a gigantic one) the magic green girdle(绿腰带) Definitions of important literary terms:
1)Canto(诗章): a subdivision of an epic or other narrative poem, equivalent to a chapter in a
prose work.
2)Legend：A story or group of stories handed down through popular oral tradition, usually
consisting of an exaggerated or an unrealiable account of some actually or possibly historical person—often a saint,monarch, or popular hero. Legends are sometimes distinguishing from myths in that they concern human beings rather than gods, and sometimes they have some sort of historical basis whereas myths do not, but these distinctions are difficult to maintain consistantly. This term was originally applied to accounts of saints’ lives, but is now mainly applied to fanciful tales of warriors (eg. King Arthur and his knights), criminals(eg. Robin Hood), and other sinners; or more recently to those bodies of biographical rumour and embroidered anecdote surrounding dead film stars and rock musicians(eg. John Lennon)
3)Arthurian Legend: A group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages
concerning Arthur, semi-historical king of Britans, and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology(神话) with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity(真实性).
Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400
Reference: 1)首创“英雄双韵体”Heroic Couplet，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”The father of English poetry.)
2) Chaucer believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. (世人有谋求世俗幸福的权利。乔叟著作字里行间流露着轻松欢快的思想，这成为了后来文艺复兴时期的主要特征，乔叟也因此成为文艺复兴的先驱。)
3) Chaucer was buried in Westminster Abbey the poet’s Corner.
4) Chaucer was influenced by 3 literatures:①French literature(in this period, he wrote in the manner of the French poets(仿效), and translated various works of French authors, eg.The Book of Duchess悼公爵夫人(创作); Romance of the Rose玫瑰传奇（伦敦方言cockneyese译作）→八音节对偶句) ②Italian literature (The Legend of Good Women好女人的故事→首次使用英雄双韵体; Troislus and Criseyde特洛伊勒斯和克莱西德—Chaucer composed this long narrative poem based on Boccaccio’poem Filostrato菲洛斯特拉托; The Parliament of Fowls百鸟会议→讽刺寓言诗，讨论了权贵缔婚问题。沿用了动物寓言animal fables和爱情幻境的艺术手法)③English literature （Oops! I don’t know which category The
House of Fame声誉殿堂belongs to!→乔叟唯一的教诲类长诗，采用了中世纪法国盛极一时的“爱情幻景”和八音节双韵诗体）
writing style: wisdom, humor(描述朝圣者们的外貌、职业、举止和爱好等),humanity, sarcasm(eg. She had so wide a brow I think her head /Was nearly a span broad, for certainly)
Works：
1) It is Geoffrey Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. (a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of 14th century)
2)The Prologue(总引) provides a framework for the The Canterbury Tales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.
3) The pilgrims being 32in all the total number of tales, according to Chaucer’s plan,was to surpass that of Baccoccio’s Decameron(薄伽丘《十日谈》), in which ten different narrators each tell a tale a day for ten days, but the author failed to carry out his plan and only 24 tales were written, of which two are left unfinished.
4) The canterbury tales opens with a general “Prologue”where we are told of a company of pilgrims that gathered at Tabard Inn in southwark萨瑟克, a suburb of London. The pilgrims are on their way to the shrine圣龛of St. Thomas Becket 殉道者托马斯?贝克特at a place named Canterbury. Harry Baily proposes that each pilgrim of the 32 should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back.
Things and Figures mentioned: a Knight and his son a servant(乡勇)→these three: positive
a nun,a prioress(修女，院长嬷嬷)→sarcasm
Harry Baily(“jolly innkeeper”快活人, the keeper of Tabard inn泰巴小旅馆)
Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)
e.g. Famous three: King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
Definitions of important literary terms:
1)Romance: a long composition, in verse or in prose, describing the life and adventures of a
noble hero, especially for the knight. The most popular theme employed was the legend of King Arthur and the round table knight.
2)Heroic Couplet: a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, and written
in an elevated style.
3)Iambic Pentameter五步抑扬格: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an
unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb.
Popular Ballads 大众民谣
Reference: 1) different kinds of ballads: historical历史; legendary传奇; fantastical神话; lyrical 抒情; humorous幽默
2) Bishop主教Thomas Percy was the first to take literary interest in ballads. →Reliques of Ancient English Poetry《英诗辑古》
3) Robin Hood is a partly historical and partly legendary character. He was a Saxon by
birth, was an outlaw, a robber but he robbed only the rich and never molested骚扰the poor and needy. The first mention of him in leterature is in William Langland’s The Vision of Piers the Plowman 威廉?兰格伦，中古英语头韵诗《农夫皮尔斯》
Definitions of important literary terms:
1)Ballad(民谣): Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral
transmission. They are usually in four-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. Common traits of the ballad are that (a) the beginning is often abrupt ,(b) the story is told through dialogue and action (c) the language is simple or “folksy,” (d) the theme is often tragic---though comic ballads do exist (e) the ballad contains a refrain(n.叠句、副歌) repeated several times. The ballad became popular in England in the late 14th century and was adopted by many writers. One of the most important anthologies of ballads is F. J. Child’s The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. 四行叙事诗。一、三行各有四个重音，不押韵；
二、四行各有三个重音，押韵。民谣的共同特色包括：（a）诗歌的起首通常十分出其不
意。（b）故事通过对话和行为讲述。（c）语言简单，民风十足。（d）尽管存在喜剧民谣，但大多数民谣的主题具有悲剧意味。（e）民谣通常包含重复多遍的叠句。民谣这种诗歌形式在14世纪晚期的英格兰十分盛行，从此以后许多作家对其进行模仿创作。历史上最为知名的民谣集之一为恰尔德收集出版的《英格兰和苏格兰流行歌谣》。
2)Border ballads:A number of ballads narrating incidents on the English border deal with
bloody battles fought on the border of England and Scotland. They reflected the age-long struggle between the scots and the English.
3)Fable: It is a short literary composition in prose or verse, conveying a universal cautionary or
moral truth. The moral is usually summed up at the end of the story, which generally tells of conflict among animals that are given the attributes of human beings.
Works: Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔
Get Up and Bar the Door 起来，去关门(humourous ballad. They revealed the unbounded optimism, ingenuity and resourcefulness of common people)
Sir Patrick Spens 派屈克?斯宾塞爵士
英国文学史期中论文
An Analysis of the Design of the First Assembly in Pride and Prejudice [Abstract] In Pride and Prejudice, the first assembly is the stage of the debut of hero, Darcy and the heroine, Elizabeth. Therefore, the design of this assembly, including which part of the assembly should be narrated directly in the description of the assembly, how to do with other things happened during the party, how to shape the characteristics and personality of the two main characters as well as other important role on the assembly, is essentially significant to the character portrait for the whole novel. Mainly employing description of language and technique of comparative description, the plot about this assembly is well-designed as three parts, before, during and after the assembly, which is efficient to the character figuring of the novel. [Keywords] character figuring, design, description of language, comparative description The novel introduces the first assembly in Chapter 3, using only half of a chapter to directly describe things happened on the party while two other whole chapter to show people’s discussion on it. By the delicate design, vivid language description and useful comparative description, the description of this party is highly efficient to the chapter portrait of this novel. Before the party, Mrs. Bennet’s worry about Mr. Bingley’s going into the town is showed, which totally reveals the purpose of Mrs. Bennet’s participating in the dinner, again echoing the description of Mrs. Bennet’s saying "If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield, and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for." (Austen, 2001: 2) at former plot. In the case, the assembly is platform to looking for sweetheart, love and even possible marriage (Yang, 91). At the end of this paragraph, Mr. Bingley’s invitating his sisters and Darcy leads to the appearance of these important characters. For the description of things happened during the party, instead of using scene description to the setting of the ball or psychological description to the participators, language description organized by comparative technique is mainly employed to mould different personality of different participant. First of all, It can be directly seen that the description of Mr. Hurst’s and Mr. Darcy’s first appearance is put in the same paragraph and connected by the conjunction “but”,
英国文学史作品作者
Geoffrey Chaucer: the legend of good women 良妇传说the house of fame 名誉堂 the parliament of fowls 百鸟会Troilus and Cressie 特罗勒斯与克莱西 the Canterbury tales 坎特伯雷故事集 Thomas More Utopia Edmund Spenser the fairy queen William Shakespeare four great tragedies: Hamlet Othello king Lear Macbeth Four great comedies: the merchant of Venice a midsummer night’s dream twelfth night 第十二夜as you like it 皆大欢喜 Francis Bacon the advancement of learning 学术的进展the Novum Organum 求学之新器the De Augmentis 新工具essays 随笔Maxims of the Law 法律准则 Reading on the Stature of Uses 谈使用法则Of Studies 论读书 John Donne the flea 跳蚤 John Milton paradise lost 失乐园 John Bunyan the pilgrim’s progress 天路历程 John Dryden all for love an essay of dramatic poesy Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 Jonathan swift a tale of a tub 木桶的故事the battle of books 书战 a modest proposal 一个小小的建议Gulliver’s travels 格列佛游记 William Blake poetical sketches 诗歌札记songs of innocence 天真之歌 Songs of experience 经验之歌prophecies 预言the lamb the chimney sweeper The marriage of heaven and hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻 Robert burns a red red rose auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长 William Wordsworth lines composed a few miles above tinterm abbey 丁登寺 The prelude 序曲the excursion 漫游sonnets 十四行诗 I wandered lonely as a cloud composed upon Westminster bridge She dwelt among the untrodden ways 她在人迹罕至的路边 The solitary reaper 孤独的割麦女 Samuel Taylor Coleridge the rime of the ancient mariner 古舟子咏 Christabel 克里斯塔贝尔Kubla khan 忽必烈汗 George Gordon Byron childe Harold’s pilgrimage 恰尔德哈罗德游记Cain 该隐 Don Juan 唐璜she walks in beauty when a man hath no freedom to fight for at home Percy Bysshe Shelley queen Mab 麦布女王the Cenci 钦契Prometheus unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯ode to the west wind in defense of poetry 诗辩 John Keats on first looking into Champman’s homer 初读查普曼译荷马史诗 Endymion 恩底弥翁ode to a nightingale ode to a Grecian um 希腊古瓮颂 Lamia, Isabella, the eve of st. Agnes, and other poems 女妖、伊莎贝尔、圣爱尼节前夜及其他Jane Austen sense and sensibility 理智与情感pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见persuasion 劝导Emma 艾玛Mansfield park 曼斯菲尔德庄园Northanger abbey 诺桑觉寺 Charles Dickens sketches by boz 博兹札记Pickwick papers 匹克威克外传Oliver twist 奥利弗退斯特Nicholas nickleby 尼古拉斯尼克贝old curiosity shop 老古玩店 Bamaby rudge 巴纳比拉奇American notes 旅美札记martin chuzzlewit 马丁朱兹尔维特A Christmas carol 圣诞颂歌the chimes 钟声the cricked 炉边的蟋蟀dombey and son 董贝父子David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔bleak house 荒凉山庄hard times 艰难时世Little dorrit 小杜丽 a tale of two cities 双城记great expectations 远大前程
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学史笔记(刘炳善著 河南人民出版社)part7-8
Part 7 prose-writers and poets of the mid and late 19th century Chapter 1 Thomas Carlyle He was elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh University He is a literary critic Sartor Resartus The French Revolution Heroes and Hero-Worship Past and Present Chapter 2 Ruskin and some other prose-writers 1 John Ruskin He is a critic. Art criticism and social criticism He is a social thinker and a master of English. His prescription for the contemporary social problems was faulty, but he sincerely sympathized with the people and exposed with holy wrath the evils Modern Painters 2 Matthew Arnold 3 Macaulay Chapter 3 Alfred Tennyson1809~1892 （维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人） Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） ① < In Memoriam>悼念 To memorialize his friend ② < Break, Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击 ③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗 Chapter 4 Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889 A follower of Shelley ①< My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人 ②< Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思 ③Pippa Passes Elizabeth Barrett Browing: ①
百年中国的英国文学史书写研究
百年中国的英国文学史书写研究 本论文以中国大陆的英国文学史为研究对象,考察从民国时期到当前近百年间英国文学史的发展历程,经历了哪些变迁?和西方的英 国文学史书写有何不同?受到了哪些因素的影响?体现了哪些特征?等等。论文运用文学史的相关概念和理论,从文学观念、文学史观、文学史书写体例和文学史经典建构四个方面讨论了英国文学史在国内 的发展历程,最后选取了不同时期的四个个案,来进一步说明以上讨 论的问题。除绪论和结语,论文主体部分共分5章。绪论部分简略地介绍了英国文学史在中国书写的学科背景,英国文学史在中国的发展概况,研究现状,写作目的,写作思路等。第一章从文学观念的角度讨论英国文学史的书写问题,说明文学观念是如何影响和决定着文学史家对材料的选择和处理,并对比了西方的几部英国文学史来说明中国的英国文学史在文学观念上的书写特色和所受影响。近代意义上的文学观念是西方传入的纯文学观,纯文学观念对国人影响极大,国内的 大部分英国文学史都坚持纯文学观念,收入的是诗歌、小说、戏剧和散文。泛文学观念影响下文学史把历史、哲学、书信、日记、箴言、小册子都纳入文学史料的范围内。后理论时代的大文学观念对国内英国文学史书写最大的影响就是收入了原来的亚文学类属的文本,妇女文学、地区文学、族裔文学、通俗文学进入文学史,而跨学科性质的文学史在国内并未出现。第二章从文学史观的角度讨论了英国文学史书写问题,并分为二个主要的时期,即民国时期以进化论为主导的文 学史书写和建国后以马克思主义唯物论为主导的文学史书写。无论是
进化论还是马克思主义唯物论的文学史观在进入中国后,和中国的社 会现实相结合,本着改变落后,争取富强的目的,被变形处理。以进化 论为指导的英国文学史书写强调文学与国民性的关系,以开民智,启 民力为目的,旨在改变中国国民素质。马克思主义唯物论文学史观最 初一度变成阶级论的文学史观,所有的文学作品都被打上阶级的烙印。进入新时期后,文学史的书写则强调社会经济、政治背景,作家生平, 作品的思想内容,也适当强调作品的艺术特征。最后一节针对英国文 学史书写中的史观问题提出了以人性论为指导的文学史书写问题。第三章首先从文学史的书写体例角度讨论了英国文学史书写中的分期 和撰写体例问题,对比了西方的几部英国文学史,找出异同并阐明了 原因。在分期上,国人倾向于大杂烩式的分期模式,即政治朝代+世纪+文艺思潮等混合体模式。在撰写体例上,受传统史书书写的影响,作家纪传体模式盛行,其次便是分类合编体。而评论体和辞典体则凤毛麟角,应用极少。第二节针对国内分期问题提出了以文学思潮、文学传 播方式为依据的分期模式,针对撰写体例问题提出了以编年体、故事 体为模式的撰写方式。第四章从文学史经典建构的角度讨论了百年来中国的英国文学史经典演变过程和中国文学传统对经典建构的影响 问题。发现中国的英国文学史经典是一步步中国化的过程,是历史、 现实、文化和意识形态共同作用的产物,在经典的选择、经典作家的 评价和经典作品的阐释上都有异于英国本土的文学史。第五章选取了中国不同时期四个比较独特的英国文学史书写案例来进一步说明以 上问题,以期从中窥见出百年来英国文学史在中国(大陆)书写历程和
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-盎格鲁-诺曼底时期【圣才出品】
第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底时期 2.1复习笔记 I.Background Knowledge(1066-1350)(背景知识) 1.The Norman Conquest(诺曼征服) A.Brief Introduction(简介) The French-speaking Normans began their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, Duke of Normandy,with the battle of Hastings in1066. 说法语的诺曼底人在威廉公爵的带领下，在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英国人，开始了对英国的统治。 B.Chief Influences(主要影响) (1)The bringing of Roman civilization to England; (2)The growth of nationality,i.e.a strong centralized government,instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes; (3)The birth of new English language and literature due to the integration with French vocabulary. （1）将罗曼文化带到英格兰； （2）促进了国家的发展，强大的中央集权政府代替了散乱的撒克逊部落联盟；（3）和法国语言的融合产生了新的英语语言和文学。 II.Features of the New Literature(新文学特征) (1)The new literature is a combination of French and Anglo-Saxon elements. (2)There are three classes of new literature: ①Matter of France(tales about Charlemagne and his peers); ②Matter of Greece and Rome(tales about Alexander and the fall of Troy); ③Matter of Britain(tales about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table).
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学史
英国文学 Part1.Old and medieval Beowulf贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people)stricking feature:alliteration, metaphors and understatements. William Langland 威廉。兰格伦 Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯 Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德 小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人） his contribution to English poetry:introduced from france the rhymed couplet of5accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet),is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech. Part2.The English renaissance Thomas More托马 斯。莫尔 Utopia乌托帮 Philip Sidney菲力 普。锡德尼 Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩 Edmond Spenser埃 德蒙。斯宾塞 The Faerie Queene仙后The Shepherds’s Calender牧羊人日历 Francis Bacon培根1561-1626Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self） The founder of English materialist philosophy Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫。马洛Tamburlaine铁木耳大帝Dr.Faustus浮士德的悲剧The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人The Passionate Shepherd多情的牧羊人致情人 William Shakespeare 莎士比亚1564-1616The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello 奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗 The Great Comedies:A Midsummer Night Night’’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;;Twelfth Night第十二夜; The Great Tragedies:The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;Othell Othello o 奥塞罗King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白; The Later Comedies(romances):Pericles波里克利斯;Cymbeline辛白林; The Winter Winter’’s Tale冬天的故事;The Tempest暴风风雨; P art3.The English Bourgeois revolution period John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica 论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙 John Bunyan班扬1628-1688The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程; The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生 John Donne约翰。多恩Songs and Sonnets Devotions upon emergent Occasions (The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry) John Dryden All for Love Antony and Cleopatra An Essay of Dramatic Poesy Part4.The eighteenth Century Joseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign远征；剧本：Cato加图名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险 Richard Steele理查德·斯梯尔1672-1729The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄 名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部 Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A Voyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of 1
英国文学史笔记
Index The Sixteenth Century
The works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism, a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. Works First period: Romeo and Juliet Second Period: 1. Hamlet, Prince of Demark 2. Othello, the Moor of Venice 3. King Lear 4. The Tragedy of Macbeth The Seventeenth Century Puritan Age Burrton?s Anatomy of Melancholy. The spiritual gloom sooner or later fastens upon all the writers of this age. This so called gloomy age produced some minor poems of exquisites workmanship, and one of great master of verse whose work would glorify any age or people---John Milton, in whom the indomitable Puritan spirit finds its noblest expression. Restoration Age As a critic, poet and playwright was the most distinguished literary figure of the restoration age. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim as to entertain the licentious aristocrats. John Donne 1. Poetry Form
整理英国文学史bysummer
Chapter1 Early and Medieval Literature Three stages of English literary development: The Roman Conquest（55BC——410AD） The Anglo-Saxon Period（410——1066AD） Three tribes：Jutes，the Angles，and the Saxons The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁撒克逊编年史 The greatest literary achievement during this period is Beowulf。Beowulf贝奥武甫——epic，alliteration ★Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. ★The whole epic is divided into two parts and tells of two major events in the life of Beowulf.①He kills a monster;②He fights a dragon. The Norman Conquest(1066-------1350AD) 下层：ballad民谣（ballads which are the most important parts of English folk literature） 上层：chivalry骑士文学：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight （alliteration verse） ★Most of the English romances deal with three major themes: Ⅰ.The Matter of Britain——which is about the adventures of King
英国文学史及选读教学内容
英国文学史及选读教学内容 Introduction Unit 1 The Anglo-Saxon Period （2学时） 1. Background 2. Epic & Beowulf Unit 2 The Anglo-Norman Period（2学时） 1. Background 2. Romance & Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Unit 3 Geoffrey Chaucer（2学时） 1. The Canterbury Tales 2. Popular Ballads Unit 4 The Renaissance（8学时）（重点） 1. Background 2. William Shakespeare: Hamlet: “To be or not to be” soliloquy（重点） Sonnet & Sonnet 18 Unit 5 The Period of Revolution and Restoration （4学时） 1. Background 2. John Milton: Paradise Lost 3. John Donne: Song Unit 6 The Age of Enlightenment（3学时） 1. Background 2. Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe 3. Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose （重点） Unit 7 The Romantic Period（6学时）
1. Background 2. William Wordsworth: I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud （重点） 3. Byron: She Walks in Beauty 4. Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice（重点） Unit 8 The Victoria Period（4学时） 1. Background 2. Charles Dickens 3. Bronte Sisters: Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights Unit 9 Twentieth Century Literature（5学时） 1. Background 2. Thomas Hardy: Tess of D’Urberville s（重点） 3. D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers 参考书目 1．《英国文学史（1-4册）》，陈嘉著，商务印书馆，1999年。2．《英国文学新编》，郭群英著，外语教学与研究出版社，2001年。 3．《英国文学通史》，侯维瑞著，上海外语教育出版社，1999年。4．《英国文学简史》，刘炳善著，河南人民出版社，1993年。5．《英国文学漫话》，刘炳善著，河南大学出版社，1999年。6．《英国文学选读》，王守仁著，高等教育出版社，2001年。7．Drabble, Margaret. The Oxford Companion to English