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G中英文翻译
G中英文翻译

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英文原文

Mining subsidence caused by mining environmental disasters

Keywords: land reclamation of mining subsidence ;subsidence control

Large-scale exploitation of coal mine and its surrounding environment has resulted in serious damage to an increasingly prominent mining subsidence mining environmental disasters caused by land subsidence or mainly water, agricultural production or no production, road collapse, deformation and damage, such as housing, which are is a mining-induced rock movement, is caused by mining subsidence and regional disasters, the source of deformation, the effective control and reduce the degree of ground subsidence is the root of the problem to resolve this way. With the improved form of coal, have increased the Group's control environment and governance, the cause of the coal is reactive in that will benefit future generations.

1. Subsidence means of control techniques

Subsidence damage control measures will be considered in two ways; (1) the control of mining subsidence, that is, through the rational choice of mining methods and technology, rational arrangement of mining face, take underground filling law, separation of overlying strata with measures such as space filling to reduce surface subsidence, control the speed and extent of surface subsidence, to protect surface and ground built structures with the purpose of arable land. (2) mining subsidence damage restoration and remediation, the use of land reclamation technology and building anti-mining deformation technology, mining subsidence damage remediation and use of land.

1.1.1 All backfill mining

In the coal after mining has yet to take off before the roof with a solid material to be dense goaf filling, so that only yields a small amount of roof rock sinking in order to reduce surface subsidence and deformation of the ground to protect the building, structure or purpose of farmland . Which is the filling of water and sediment filling in the mining method to reduce the effect of surface preparation methods subsidence, followed by the wind and filling away from the filling of waste. However, filling mining method of filling the need for specialized equipment and facilities, but also the need for adequate filling material. Initial investment of mine, and tons of coal a corresponding increase in cost.

1.1.2 strip mining

Based on coal and overlying strata combination of conditions, according to a certain ratio of mining to remain in the coal seam was mined in a recovery to retain one. As a result

of strip mining is only part of the underground mining of coal resources, coal in order to retain a portion of coal overlying strata cylindrical support. Thereby reducing the overburden rock movement, control the movement and deformation of the surface to achieve on the ground to build structures of protection. However, the methods of the low rate of recovery, tunnel boring, and inefficient working.

1.1.3 Filling the cover rock band separation

Mined-out area in accordance with the top of the cover rock band mobile form a three-shift characteristics of the rock, in coal mining after a certain time interval, with drilling to the separation of space with high-pressure grouting, filling, reinforced with separation of space, will be mining the reinforced masonry beam structure for better stability of the continuous beam structures, so that separation of space with the sink is no longer transfer to the surface in order to reduce or mitigate surface subsidence, the protection of ground built structures or farmland. However, the technical difficulty, and then further study.

1.1.4 Mining thick limit

According to the mining area topography, hydro-geological conditions and building the capacity of anti-deformation structures in order to not produce the surface water and to meet the requirements of the protection of buildings based on grades to determine the thickness of coal seam can be mined, mining is only the thickness of the coal mining, none of the remaining coal mining, in order to achieve reduction in the protection of ground subsidence building, structures and land use. However, the low rate of recovery techniques, only the application of thin coal seam a certain value.

1.1.5 Coordination of the exploitation of

Slice mining thick coal seam, the rational design of the exploitation of the working face spacing, location and exploitation of the order of each other, so that a coal mining (face) surface deformation generated by coal and the exploitation of another (face) surface deformation arising from mutual offset or partially offset to reduce the mining of surface deformation caused by the protection of ground built structures. However, the technology's fault in order to maintain a certain distance, it is difficult to organize production. China has yet to carry out such industrial experiment.

1.1.6 "Picking - Note - adopted" three-step extraction

Take full advantage of the structure of overburden rock strata movement of the control, application of the principle of load replacement for small strip mining - the consolidation grouting filling goaf - strip mining the remaining three-step extraction method, effective mobility and the surface of the rock subsidence control, to solve the large-scale exploitation of ground subsidence control, increased the rate of coal mining, the protection of the ground built structures, but there are complex processes, such as the shortcomings of higher cost.

II. Land Reclamation Technology

2.2.1 Reclamation of coal gangue and fly ash filling Filling Reclamation

(1) generated a large number of underground mining to surface emissions of coal gangue, is there an area of pollution of the environment. The use of coal waste as filling material, so that mining can restore damaged land and reducing the amount of waste to.

(2) the use of plant waste - fly ash filled reclaimed land subsidence can be of two evils (subsidence, fly ash) for the three-li (power plants, coal mines, three farmers put a favorable face).

2.2.2 Reclamation of the ground and the construction of terraces

Subsidence of the water, diving bit lower slope areas, can be taken to the land formation, terraced into the use of the method of reclamation. Terrace level width and height, should be based on ease shaking the ground slope, soil engineering a large quantity of crop filial types of integrated farming mechanization level to consider to determine, the size of the field gradient and slope aspect, slope should be based on the original great filial piety non-irrigated conditions, reclamation of land use to decide.

2.2.3 Reclamation Act lost platoon

Excavation of drainage channels, will be the introduction of subsidence shallow water of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc., as the water used is re-flooded subsidence under cultivation.

2.2.4 Reclamation deep shallow pad

The use of manual or mechanical methods to the local water or seasonal water subsidence deepened the sinking large area suitable for fish farming, irrigation water, filled with soil dug up small areas of mining subsidence, making it available cultivation of arable land.

2.2.5 Utilization of catchment areas for technical

Large area of ground water and water depth of a lot of subsidence, the utilization of science, the development of Cage Culture, fish fences, storage for irrigation water, construction of water parks.

2.2.6 Reclamation of solid microbial technology

Add the proper amount of gangue microbial activator, after a growing period of plants (about 6 months) can establish a solid layer of plant growth and form of soil aging.

Mining subsidence caused by mining environment is the direct cause of geological disasters, effective control and reduce the degree of ground subsidence is to avoid environmental hazards of mining subsidence of the basic approach. Fill mining method is to reduce the effect of surface preparation method of sinking, some mines in recent years in Shandong paste filling are doing the experiment, this method can not face down or reduce the collapse zone, the better to reduce surface subsidence . Technology but its a great line delivery times, and tube obstruction Louis, if successful it would be a coal mining technology revolution.

Mining subsidence of the land resources and damage is unavoidable, it should be applied in various coal mines according to their actual situation and conditions of a reasonable application of the prevention and control of mining subsidence land reclamation techniques and technology, mining technology, the ecological reclamation of multidisciplinary knowledge to carry out comprehensive management of surface subsidence and the development and utilization in order to better protect the surface, mining environment.

中文译文

开采沉陷造成的矿区环境灾害

关键词开采沉陷;土地复垦;沉陷控制

煤炭的大规模开采对矿山及其周围环境造成了严重的破坏日益突出,开采沉陷造成的矿区环境灾害主要有土地塌陷或积水,农田减产或绝产、道路塌陷、房屋变形破坏等,这都是开采引起的岩层移动,是造成矿区塌陷灾害和区域变形的根源,有效控制和减轻地面塌陷程度是解决此问题的根本之路。随着煤炭形式的好转,各集团公司都加大了环境的防治和治理,对煤炭事业来说,功在当代,利在千秋。

一、沉陷的防治技术途径

沉陷破坏的防治技术途径可以从两方面考虑;(1)对开采沉陷的控制,即通过合理选择采矿方法和工艺、合理布置开采工作面、采取井下充填法、覆岩离层带空间充填等措施,来减少地表下沉,控制地表下沉速度和范围,达到保护地表和地面建、构筑物与耕地的目的。(2)开采沉陷破坏的恢复和整治,运用土地复垦技术和建筑物抗采动变形技术,对开采沉陷破坏的土地进行整治和利用。

1.1.1全部充填开采

在煤炭采出后顶板尚未冒落之前,用固体材料对采空区进行密实充填,使顶板岩层仅产生少量下沉,以减少地表的下沉和变形,达到保护地面建、构筑物或农田的目的。其中水沙充填是充填采煤法中减少地表下沉效果作好的方法,其次是风力充填和矸石自溜充填。但充填采矿法需要专门的充填设备和设施,还需要有充足的充填材料。矿井初期投资大,吨煤成本相应的增加。

1.1.2条带开采

根据煤层和上覆岩层组合条件,按一定的采留比,在被开采的煤层中采出一条,保留一条。由于条带开采仅是部分地采出地下煤炭资源,保留了一部分煤炭以煤柱形支撑上覆岩层。从而减少覆岩移动,控制地表的移动和变形,实现对地面建、构筑物的保护。但该方法采出率低、巷道掘进多,工作面效率低。

1.1.3覆岩离层带充填

根据采空区上方覆岩移动形成三带的岩移特性,在煤炭采出后一定时间间隔内,用钻孔往离层带空间高压注浆,充填,加固离层带空间,将采动的砌体梁结构加固为稳定性较好的连续梁结构,使离层带的下沉空间不再向地表传递,以减少或减缓地表下沉,保护地面建、构筑物或农田。但该技术难度大,再近一步研究。

1.1.4限厚开采

根据矿区地形、水文地质条件和建、构筑物抗变形能力,以不产生地表积水和满足建筑物所要求的保护等级为依据,确定可开采的煤层厚度,开采是仅回采这一厚度的煤,其余各煤层均不开采,以实现减少下沉保护地面建、构筑物及土地的目的。但该技术采出率低,仅在薄煤层中应用有一定的使用价值。

1.1.5协调开采

厚煤层分层开采时,合理设计各工作面的开采间距,相互位置与开采顺序,使开采一个煤层(工作面)所产生的地表变形和开采另一个煤层(工作面)所产生的地表变形相互抵消或抵消一部分,以减少采动引起的地表变形,保护地面建、构筑物。但该技术要保持一定的错距,因此组织生产难度较大。我国尚未开展这种工业性实验。

1.1.6 “采-注-采“三步法开采

充分利用覆岩结构对岩层移动的控制作用,应用荷载置换的原理,进行小条带开采-注浆充填固结采空区-剩余条带开采的三步法开采,有效的对岩层移动和地表沉陷的控制,解决了大面积开采地表沉陷控制、提高了煤炭的回采率,保护了地面建、构筑物,但也存在工艺复杂,成本较大等缺点。

二.土地复垦技术

2.2.1煤矸石充填复垦和粉煤灰充填复垦

(1)地下开采产生的大量煤矸石运到地表排放,既占地有污染环境。利用煤矸石作为充填材料,即可使采煤破坏的土地得到恢复,又能减少矸石的额占地。

(2)利用电厂的废弃物--粉煤灰充填沉陷区复垦土地,可以化两害(沉陷区、粉煤灰)为三利(电厂、煤矿、农民三放面有利)。

2.2.2平地和修建梯田复垦

对积水沉陷区、潜水位较低的边坡地带,可采取平整土地、改造成梯田的方法复垦利用。梯田的水平宽度和梯坎高度,应根据地面坡度抖缓、土层薄厚、工程量大孝作物种类、耕种机械化程度综合考虑确定,田间坡度的大小和坡向,应根据原始坡度的大孝有无灌溉条件、复垦土地用途来决定。

2.2.3输排法复垦

开挖排水渠道,将沉陷区浅积水引入河流、湖泊、坑塘、水库等,作为蓄水用,是沉陷水淹地重新得到耕种。

2.2.4深挖垫浅复垦

运用人工或机械方法,将局部积水或季节性积水沉陷区下沉大区域挖深,适合养鱼、蓄水灌溉等,用挖出的泥土充填开采沉陷较小的地区,使其成为可种植的耕地。

2.2.5积水区综合利用技术

对地面大面积积水和积水深度很大的沉陷区,科学的综合利用,发展网箱养鱼、围栏养鱼、蓄洪作灌溉水源、建造水上公园等。

2.2.6固体微生物复垦技术

煤矸石添加适量微生物活化剂,经过一个植物生长期(约6个月)就可建立起稳固的植物生长层,形成熟化的土壤。

开采沉陷是造成矿区环境地质灾害的直接原因,有效控制和减轻地面沉陷程度是避免开采沉陷环境灾害的基本途径。充填采煤法是减少地表下沉效果作好的方法,近年在山东有些矿区正在做膏体充填的实验,这种方法可使采场没有或减少垮落带,能更好的

减少地表下沉。但它的技术含量很大,输送倍线大,管路易阻塞,如果成功那将是煤矿开采的一次技术革命。

开采沉陷对土地资源的影响和破坏是难以避免的,所以各个煤矿应该应用根据自己的实际情况和条件合理应用防止和控制开采沉陷技术和土地复垦技术,矿区生态复垦技术等多学科知识,对地表塌陷进行综合治理和开发利用,才能更好地保护地表、矿区的环境。

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多危害公路桥梁设计标准 George C. Lee1 , Mai Tong2 and Phillip Yen3 摘要: 根据AASHTO标准LRFD在哲学的研究方法,一项具有比例的作为危险比较的标准被作为联邦公路管理局和土木工程硕士研究的课题。本文介绍的一般做法是由MCEER进行建立各种灾害事件及其影响,预计公路桥梁适当比较的平台。 1.0介绍: 除了正常的功能要求外,多重危害(如:如地震、风的风味,洪水、船舶碰撞,交通超载事故,和恐怖主义袭击等)必须适当考虑在公路桥梁设计内,。当前的AASHTO桥梁设计规范提供了每个载荷危害的详细危险识别。为进一步研究抗多种灾害的桥梁,有必要建立桥梁对接的测量标准。例如在返回期间或在某一时间内发生的概率超出标准的各种危害就可以用一个简单的标准来考虑解决。然而,它并不完全合理运用这种标准来校准,因为许多其他有影响的因素,如危害持续时间的不确定性,桥梁设计荷载的危险,关键部件的脆弱性,风险危害引起的后果,影响潜力的地区和损伤的桥梁可能会有所不同。事实上,在目前的AASHTO 标准规范,设计地震灾害定为475的回报期,其中已经有50年超出标准10%的历史。从NEHRP(NEHRP 2000)最近建议的基础上,还打算增加对重大桥梁的回报期至2000-2500年。正确的设计地震重现期仍在研究和专业的社会讨论。根据ASCE的07-95,风危害的回报期定于50年,根据FHWA HEC 18 冲刷的回报期定为100年。相比之下,根据设计的生命桥跨度(戈恩等2003),活负载的最高年限定为75年,目前尚没有统一的对跨板灾害发生频率的设计要求。 2.0AASHTO标准LRFD致多灾害大桥设计改进 美国公路桥梁设计的主旨是在于将标准规格的AASHTO标准过渡到AASHTO标准的LRFD上。在认识到LRFD设计方法的优势基础上,又因为设计上主要的不确定性来自需求装载危险。所以适当的对公路桥梁设计的多重危险的比较是非常重要的。 从AASHTO标准LRFD设计方法论的角度看,每一个桥梁的设计应为指定的极限状态。低强度的危害桥梁的经验,定期和极端灾害事件这两个的设计标准是极限状态的设计代表。这意味着,桥梁结构系统,包括其部分和连接的设计必须首先达到失效机制。因此,过度意外的构件要尽量避免,因为它可能会在对结构产生不利影响,不良的位置 导致损坏(如塑料合页)。 AASHTO标准LRFD不同于AASHTO是因为LRFD的设计不同于传统的ASD,.应力设计方法。建筑署设计的一个主要弱点是,没有考虑到既高于预期负荷概率和低于预期的实力在同一时间和地点发生,而把所有载荷和载荷组合一视同仁的看待。因此,它具有很少或根本没有设计标准之间的假设,以及许多实际性成分的桥梁,或实际发生的事件的概率(Kulicki 1999年)有直接关系。 为了克服ASD方法的不足,LRFD在标准偏差或者变异系数的随机变量- 破坏指数β(这是一个失败的概率测量给定的负载设置,该元件的标称电阻正在设计。)的规范基础上建立。 β值直接关系到失败的概率大小。依据以往对剪力和弯矩规格模拟和实际的桥梁的设计, 可靠性指标对其进行了评价模拟。可靠性指标的范围涵盖了从小于2广泛高于4。正如(诺瓦克1999)编制的数据表明,过去的做法是由β= 3.5表示,该值被选中作为对LRFD规范校准目标。β= 3.5对应的安全统一的概率(1 - 对失败的概率),这是等于或大于99.98%。 AASHTO标准LRFD的优点是,它提供了一个统一的概率为基础的标准来衡量一个桥梁设计的安全水平。最好是,如果有相类似的统一标准能为多种灾害对桥梁的影响进行比较,那么它将加强AASHTO标准LRFD,并提供一个危险因子校正负载坚实的基础。可惜的是,似乎没有一个可以给予灾害事件和上述原因很好的解释。继LRFD和比较缺乏统一的危害的标准在目前的多个危险桥梁设计视图的基本方法后,FHWA的研究任务是探索和建立一些可能的和合理的非均匀commeasurable标准。 3.0COMMEASURABLE准则的多种危害公路桥梁设计 单词“commeasurable”是指根据“平等”的基础上比较。从多种灾害影响或危害桥梁载荷校准比较方面说,“平等”是相当复杂的。例如,危害分类上,commeasurable回收期基础确定是建立对个人发生危害的基础上设计荷载的。在这方面,commeasurable 标准只考虑了灾害发生的不确定性; 而没有考虑造成危害的电阻结构。船只的大小和重量在特定河流的物理限制到导致了船舶碰撞是一种不能得到妥善的风险投资。因此,碰撞的影响不会随着时间显著变化。据测定,每一年的总碰撞事故与事故位置无关。 commeasurable标准的目标是不是要审判桥梁设计本身,而是提供一个“平等”的基础来评估桥梁上的一个潜在危险的事件可能造成的影响。上文指出了“平等”的基础,可以解释“发生”,“安全”,“维修费用”,“中断服务”等的不同之处。

英语翻译常用句型

翻译中常见的句型 1.否定句型 1)部分否定。其否定意义只局限于整体中的一部分。其形式:“概括词all, every等+not+谓语动词”。常用于该句型词:all, both, everybody, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely, wholly等。 All is not gold that glitters. I do not wholly agree. 2) 完全否定。其形式:no, none 等否定词+肯定式谓语。常用于该句型词:no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, neither, nowhere, nowise, 等。还有一种句型:all等概括词+肯定式谓语+否定意义的词。 No words can describe the scene. 任何言词均不能描绘那景色。 All his plan came to nothing. 3)双重否定 a.主语+cannot+ help/refrain/keep + from + v-ing He could not help showing his pleasure.他不由得喜形于色。 b.主语+cannot+ but/choose but/ help but +do They can not choose but admit that they are wrong. c.(there be) not +主语+but+谓语 (There is )Nobody but has his faults. 人人都有缺点。 2.判断句型 1)强调判断句 a.主语+be+ no/none +other than/but +表语(强调内容) The tall figure that I saw was none other than our commander. b.主语+be+ nothing+(else)but/ else than/ less than+ 表语 Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.天才只不过是劳动加勤奋而已。 c.it is/was +强调部分+that/ who +从句 It is I who am to blame. 2) 正反判断句 a.主语+be +not+表语a, but +表语b What I admire in Columbus is not his discovered a world, but his having gone to search for it on the faith of an opinion. b.(it is) not… that(who) …, but…that (who) Not that we are afraid of them, but that they are afraid of us. 3)比较判断句: a.主语+be less+表语a +than表语b / more+表语b+表语a Experience shows that success is due less to abilities than to zeal. b.主语+be+表语b+ rather than+表语a He is an artist rather than a philosopher. c.主语+be+ not so much +表语a+ as+表语b It is so much advice as approval that he seeks. 他寻求的与其说是忠告,不如说是忠告。3.倍数表示句型: a.主语+be+倍数+that of 被比较对象/ as +形容词+as+被比较对象

实用汉英翻译教程 参考答案

Beidaihe Seaside Resort The Beidaihe Seaside Resort, a famous summer resort in China, lies 15 kilometers southwest of Qinghuangdao. With the Bohai Sea to its south and the Lianfeng Mountains to its north, the resort enjoys a long coastline, fine beaches and a calm sea, ideal for bathing. Moreover, the weather at the seaside is mild all the year round with the temperature in the hottest month averaging only 23°C. The sea wind by day and the land breeze by night make the place a best summer vacationland. The natural charm of Beidaihe is breathtaking. The East and West Lianfeng Mountains with their luxurious pines and cypresses and grotesque rocks extend far into the distance. In front of the mountains lies a vast expense of ocean stretching to the horizon while beautiful villas and buildings dot the green landscape. On the East Lianfeng Mountain, a rock looks just like a lotus flower, and two other rocks on the West Lianfeng Mountain, standing face to face, resemble two persons having a conversation. Meng Jiangnu Temple Meng Jiangnu Temple, 6.5 kilometers to the east of Shanhaiguan Pass, was first built in 1594, the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Legend has it that the husband of a women named Meng Jiangnu was sent to work on the Great Wall. To bring him winter clothes, Meng Jiangnu came to Shanghaiguan Pass from thousands of miles away. When she was told that her husband had died at work, she cried her heart out. Her tears of anguish bust the Great Wall and she jumped into the sea and died. Later, a temple was built in memory of her. It stands on the top of a hill, with stone steps leading to it. There are two halls in the temple. In the front hall stands the clay statue of Meng Jiangnu in plain white clothes, facing the sea with a sorrow look. In the rear hall is the statue of the Goddess of Mercy. Behind the hall is the “Rock of Waiting for the Husband”, the marks on which are said to be Meng Jiangnu’s footp rints. Nearby stands her Dressing Pavilion. Beijing-Toronto Hotel/Jinglun Hotel Beijing-Toronto is located on Jiangguomenwai Avenue, downtown Beijing, in the vicinity of the embassy quarters, Friendship Store and a number of major commercial buildings, with the world-famous Tian An Men Square only ten minutes away. Beijing-Toronto has 659 spacious rooms and suites, with wide comfortable beds. They are all equipped with modern facilities such as central air-conditioning, color TV with satellite transmitted programs, IDD and DDD calls and mini-bars, meeting international standards. In our room, one cannot help but feel cozy, comfortable and satisfied.

英文翻译常用技巧大全

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1.增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4) 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human

十个最流行的在线英汉翻译网站准确性评测对比

Facebook、Digg、Twitter、美味书签(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,)……很多名声大噪且已逐渐步入主流的网络服务都是从国外开始引爆的,而即便是抛却技术上的前瞻性,仅从资源上来看“外域”的也更丰富.当网友们浏览国外网站时,即使有些英文基础,也大都或多或少要使用到翻译工具.在线翻译显然是最便捷的方式,目前提供此类服务的网站有不少,但机器智能翻译尤其考验真功夫,翻译质量的优劣直接影响着用户的阅读效果.在这里我们将全面网罗十个颇有些关注度的在线翻译服务,试炼其翻译质量、速度等各方面的表现. 参评在线翻译 1、Google翻译 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/language_tools?hl=zh-CN 2、Windows Live在线翻译 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/Default.aspx 3、雅虎翻译 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/ 4、爱词霸 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/trans.php

5、百度词典 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/ 6、海词在线翻译 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/ 7、金桥翻译 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/ 8、谷词在线词典 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/ 9、木头鱼在线翻译 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/translation/ 10、nciku在线词典 网址:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/352258850.html,/ 一、翻译质量比拼 单词翻译 测试项1:日常用语 翻译单词:boil 参考释义:煮沸 测试结果: 1、Google翻译:沸腾、煮沸等 2、Windows Live在线翻译:煮沸

翻译服务合同(含英文译本)

翻译服务合同(含英文译本) 甲方:_________ 地址:_________ 乙方:_________ 地址:_________ 甲乙双方本着友好协商、共同发展的原则签订本翻译服务合同,其条款如下: 一、甲方委托乙方为其提供翻译服务,及时向乙方提交清晰、易于辨认的待译资料,提出明确要求,并对乙方的翻译质量进行监督。 二、乙方按时完成翻译任务(如发生不可抗力的因素除外),向甲方提供已翻译好的打印件及电子文件各一份。具体交稿日期由双方商定。对于加急稿件,交稿期限由双方临时商议。 三、乙方对甲方提供的任何资料必须严格保密,不得透露给第三方。 四、翻译工作量统计:电子译稿:按电脑统计的中文版字符数计算(中文版word2000中"不计空格的字符数");打印译稿:按中文原稿行数×列数统计计算(行×列)。 五、乙方按优惠价格向甲方收取翻译费用:英译汉为_________元/千字符(_________字以上)。

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