【英语】高二英语阅读理解(时文广告)真题汇编(含答案)及解析

【英语】高二英语阅读理解(时文广告)真题汇编(含答案)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解时文广告类

1．阅读理解

Things to Do With Smithsonian Associates in November

Tuesday, November 5

Discovery Theater Presents Spirit of South Africa: Experience the energy, customs and cultures of South Africa as reflected in three distinctive regional(地方的) dances with instructor and performer Lesole Maine. 10: 30 am and 12 pm $3——$9

Monday, November 11

America's Long-Distance Passenger Trains: As America marks the 150th anniversary of the driving of the Golden Spike that completed the transcontinental railroad and linked the nation, professional Scott Hercik and a group of experts explore train travel's romantic past,its present state and uncertain future. 10 am $90—$140

Saturday, November 23

Mysterious Guardians of the Ocean: F rom Jaws to “Shark Week”, people have been used to seeing sharks as terrifying cold-blooded predators(食肉动物). Conservationist William McKeever presents another view of them: evolutionary miracles are in the greatest danger of their 450-million-year history. 6: 45 pm $25——$35

Tuesday, November26

Smithsonian Inspired Floral (花卉): Learn the fundamentals of floral design while creating designs based on famous art in the Smithsonian's collection during a three-session course. Each session focuses on a different work, providing inspiration for the flowers, greens and vases participants use to create beautiful arrangements. No experience is necessary. 6: 30 pm $115—$165

（1）Which event should be the most appealing to people interested in dancing?

A.Smithsonian Inspired Floral .

B.Mysterious Guardians of the Ocean.

C.Discovery Theater presents Spirit of South Africa.

D.America's Long-Distance Passenger Trains.

（2）When will you have a chance to learn something about American transportation?

A.On November 11

B.On November 5.

C.On November 23.

D.On November 26.

（3）What can you do if you're free only at weekends?

A.Explore a train travel.

B.Watch a show about South Africa.

C.Attend a course about floral design.

D.Enjoy a talk on sharks.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了11月份与史密森尼协会合作的一些事件。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段的“Discovery Theater Presents Spirit of South Africa: Experience the energy, customs and cultures of South Africa as reflected in three distinctive regional(地方的) dances wi th instructor and performer Lesole Maine. ”探索剧院呈现的南非精神：体验反映南非能量，习俗和文化的三个独特的地方舞蹈，指导教师和表演者Lesole Maine。因此Discovery Theater Presents Spirit of South Africa这个事件与舞蹈有关，最吸引对舞蹈感兴趣的人，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据文章第二段可知，America's Long-Distance Passenger Trains美国的长途客运列车事件是在11月11日，因此你可以在这一天有机会了解美国的交通运输相关的事情，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段可知Mysterious Guardians of the Ocean神秘的海洋守护者的时间为11月23日星期六，如果你只是在周末有时间就可以参加这个活动，可以享受关于鲨鱼的演讲。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Things to do in Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco, Mexico

Majahuitas Island Tour

Duration: 6h 30m

Let yourself be spoiled by the nature in the Majahuitas Island (Natural Reserve) while you do different beach and sea activities, such as Snorkeling (潜游), Kayak (划独木舟)Tour and more. Eight delicious options from our menu will please your taste during lunch time, also your favorite drink will be prepared in our bar.

Las Marietas Eco Discovery

Duration: 6h

Snorkel, swim, and kayak through the beautiful rock formations around the Marietas Islands. Beloved by Jacques Cousteau for their rich marine life and clear waters, this underwater playground is an ideal place to spend the afternoon.

Follow up your snorkeling adventure with a guided kayak trip. Learn about the islands' geologic past and keep your eyes peeled for migrating whales and playful groups of dolphins. Back on the boat, have a tasty deli-style lunch featuring delicious sandwiches and salads, or kick back with a drink from the open bar while your crew set a course for your return to port.

Yelapa & Majahuitas Catamaran Tour

Duration: 7h+

Set sail from Puerta Vallarta aboard a luxurious catamaran with the vast Pacific Ocean ahead and a refreshing sea breeze surrounding you. Spend your morning snorkeling and exploring the peaceful cove of Majahuitas. This coral reef and tropical fish-filled coastline is only accessible by

boat, making it one of Puerto Vallarta's best-kept hidden treasures.

Sayulita Escape

Duration: 3h

Hop on a powerful UTV (utility task vehicle) to explore Sayulita, a hip and relaxed beach town not far from Vallarta. Ride over muddy back roads and a riverbed to reach the small community famous for its laid-back atmosphere. Soon after hitting the main road, your guide turns onto one of the dusty forest paths. Pass by farms, fields, and a riverbed before reaching an isolated beach. When you are ready, a picnic lunch, open bar, and knowledgeable crew await your return to the catamaran.

（1）Which tour lasts longest?

A. Sayulita Escape.

B. Majahuitas Island Tour

C. Las Marietas Eco Discovery.

D. Yelapa &Majahuitas Catamaran Tour.

（2）How does the tour Sayulita Escape differ from the other ones?

A.It includes food and drinks.

B.Its activities are mainly held on the land.

C.It covers a variety of outdoor water rides.

D.It offers a free guide.

（3）What can tourist enjoy on the tour Las Marietas Eco Discovery?

A.Speeding a boat on their own.

B.Playing with whales and dolphins.

C.Observing the history of rock formations.

D.Joining in amazing underwater activities.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了游客能够在墨西哥的Cabo Corrientes参加的一些旅游活动。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Yelapa & Majahuitas Catamaran Tour部分中“Duration: 7h+”持续时间:7小时以上，以及分析各个活动的持续时长可知，Yelapa & Majahuitas Catamaran Tour 历时七个多小时，历时最长，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Sayulita Escape部分中的“Hop on a powerful UTV (utility task vehicle) to explore Sayulita, a hip and relaxed beach town not far from Vallarta.”跳上一辆强大的UTV(实用任务车)去探索Sayulita，一个离瓦亚尔塔不远的时尚休闲的海滨小镇。以及分析其他活动可知其他活动均以水上活动为主，只有这个旅行团是驾车旅行，主要在陆地上活动，可知Sayulita Escape的特别之处在于它的活动主要在陆地上举行。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Las Marietas Eco Discovery部分中的“Snorkel, swim, and kayak through the beautiful rock formations around the Marieta s Islands.”在美丽的马里塔斯群岛周围的岩层中潜水、游泳和划独木舟。可知，游客可在这次活动中享受很多水下活动，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节

信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

More than great drinks, great rewards

Enjoy all the benefits and more with your membership to our Loyalty Program!

Whenever you pay with your membership account, you'll earn a Star.

Collect more Stars, earn more rewards.

Three ways to join us

Buy a Starbucks Card handy to create an account

Track your Stars online or through the mobile app, and we'll send an email when you've earned a reward.

You can also join from your phone.

Download the Starbucks App.

One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.

Or you can join with specially marked coffee purchased at the grocery store.

Enter your Starcode (limit: 2 per day)

Look for the Starcode symbol on specially marked Starbucks products where you buy groceries. Three levels with increasingly greater rewards

To reach each level in our Loyalty Program, you need to collect more Stars. (Remember: to earn a Star, you must pay with a registered Starbucks Card.)

Welcome level

To earn your first rewards, just register a Starbucks Card.

Birthday drink or treat on us, birthday coupon (优惠券) for 15% off a purchase at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/357786317.html,.

Green level

Collect 5 Stars within 12 months and you'll be in the Green level.

What is included in the Welcome level plus

Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea

Gold level

Collect 30 Stars within 12 months and you'll be at the Gold level.

What is included in the Green level plus

A free food or drink item after another 12 Stars earned

Personalized Gold Card

（1）Which of the following is a way you can apply for membership?

A. To update the Starbucks App.

B. To collect 5 stars within 12 month.

C. To send an email to https://www.sodocs.net/doc/357786317.html,.

D. To enter a Starcode from specially marked Starbucks products.

（2）With a Starbucks Card of Green level, you will get ________.

A. a free drink item

B. free in-store refills

C. personalized Gold Card

D. all purchases 15% off

（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.To earn a Star, you must pay by credit card.

B.You can enter your Starcode three times a day.

C.With the Starbucks App, you can view current offers.

D.For Welcome level, you can refill iced brewed coffee or tea.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是星巴克做的一个广告宣传。主要介绍了银星级会员、绿色会员和金星级会员等供人们选择，并鼓励人们成为会员。

（1）考查细节理解。文章第二个黑色小标题“Three ways to join us”三种方式加入我们，下列出了可以申请星巴克会员的三种方式，分别是：买张会员卡开个账户；通过手机上的APP申请加入；在便利店买带有星巴克标志的产品，找到星巴克密码标志。所以通过输入在便利店买的带有星巴克标志的产品上的星巴克密码是一种成为星巴克会员的方式。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Green level部分中的“Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea”可以在店内免费续杯热的、冰的煮好的咖啡或茶，可知，成为星巴克绿色会员，就可以免费续杯。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据“One of the most exciting b enefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.”可知，通过手机APP申请会员有以下几大好处：手机支付、查看你的星级与奖励、可以听iTunes本周最佳选择、查看订单进度。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Do you have a talented young artist, photographer, or designer in your life? It's never too early to start helping them get their work out there! We've rounded up the top art competitions for kids and teens that can help these young creators share their first masterpiece with the world. Most of them are totally free to enter!

Global Canvas Children's Art Competition

Ages: 16 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Organized by the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth. The judges are looking for artists to discover the wonderful places that wildlife calls home.

Toyota Dream Car Art Contest

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Time to design a dream car! Toyota wants to get junior artists thinking about what the future of transportation might look like. Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and

experience various aspects of Japanese culture.

Advena World Children's Art Competition

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting, photos and other original artworks

The competition aims to promote creativity and self-expression. Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement—through their chosen medium.

Progressive Young Artists Awards

Open to: high school and college students Mediums: drawing, painting, photograph, mixed media, sculpture

PYAA is all about expressing and celebrating progressive values. So, if there is a creative teen in your life who wants to do good in the world, sign him or her up for this art competition. The prize is a scholarship that winners can put forwards their post-secondary schooling.

（1）Which of the following favors the environment?

A. Advena World Children's Art Competition.

B. Global Canvas Children's Art Competition.

C. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest.

D. Progressive Young Artists Awards.

（2）What prize can the winner get at Toyota Dream Car Art Contest?

A. A dream car.

B. A scholarship.

C. A tour of a factory.

D. An amount of cash.（3）What is special about Advena World Children's Art Competition?

A. It has no fixed theme.

B. It has an entrance fee.

C. The prize is a scholarship.

D. Its participants are the youngest.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。（1）考查细节理解。根据Global Canvas Children's Art Competition部分中的“this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth.”可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Toyota Dream Car Art Contest部分中的“Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.”可知，奖励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。纵观全文并进行细致比较可知Global Canvas Children's Art Competition关注的是地球环境；Toyota Dream Car Art Contest则着眼与未来的交通；Progressive Young Artists Awards围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有Advena World Children's Art Competition没有设置主题，这可以从Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement得知本比赛没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Families around the country are finding new options for their children's midday meal thanks to a growing number of delivery options catering to students. Kiddos Catering in Chicago adopts a method of providing restaurant meals to schools that contract with it. Owner Michelle Moses and her staff work with area restaurants to create a variety of kid-friendly choices and deliver the meals to the schools five days a week. Parents select the lunches from an online order form that lists the day's featured restaurant and its menu choices.

"Each day is a different restaurant with six to 10 menu options," she said. "It offers so much choice to kids." The service appeals to parents because they think their children are less likely to toss out restaurant food than a packed lunch, Ms. Moses said. The schools appreciate that Moses handles the ordering, payment, pickup, and food distribution in the cafeteria. "Schools really want to be in the business of educating kids," she said. "They don't want to be in the food and beverage(餐饮) business."

That doesn't mean that schools always like it when teens (or parents) take it upon themselves to order food through phone apps. Many schools have banned that practice, citing safety concerns about delivery drivers showing up at school unannounced and the burden of tracking down students to alarm them that their meals have arrived.

"These types of deliveries pose an unnecessary security risk for students and staff," said Bernard Watson, director of community relations for Gwinnett County Public Schools in Suwanee, Ga. "In addition, our award-winning school nutrition program provides students with a wide variety of tasty, nutritious meals on-site, so there is no need to order food from outside."

Jacob Levin, a recent graduate of Bexley High School in Bexley, Ohio, relied on a sub shop to deliver a sandwich to him during lunchtime meetings or other appointments that conflicted with his lunch period. "It was a convenient option. In most cases, I would not have been able to eat at school if it weren't for the delivery option," he said. "Having a restaurant-quality sub also was much more enjoyable than cafeteria food."

（1）What can we learn about Kiddos Catering?

A. It should be ordered online.

B. It is a non-profit food program.

C. It delivers the meals to the schools twice a day.

D. It mainly offers the featured dishes of a restaurant.

（2）What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A. The aim of the food and beverage business.

B. A suitable time for school meals.

C. Advantages of the delivering school lunch.

D. An alternative to the school cafeteria.

（3）What is Bernard Watson's concern for delivering food?

A. It's less healthy than that in the school cafeteria.

B. It causes a potential danger to students.

C. It attracts students' attention to study.

D. Its arrival is usually not punctual.

（4）What is Jacob Levin's attitude to the change of the school lunch?

A. Neutral.

B. Careless.

C. Supportive.

D. Unfavorable.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。孩子们的午餐有了新的选择，这要归功于越来越多迎合学生口味的外卖服务。但是该怎样权衡这一现象的利弊呢？

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Parents select the lunches from an online order form that lists the day's featured restaurant and its menu choices"可知，Kiddos Catering提供的午餐需要在网上预订。故选A。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“ The service appeals to parents because they think their children are less likely to toss out restaurant food than a packed lunch, Ms. Moses said. The schools appreciate that Moses handles the ordering, payment, pickup, and food distribution in the cafeteria. ”可知本段从父母以及学校两个角度介绍了递送的学校午餐的好处。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"These types of deliveries pose an unnecessary security risk for students and staff "可知，Bernard Watson担忧的是，食物的递送可能会给学生带来潜在的危险。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"It was a convenient option. In most cases, I would not have been able to eat at school if it weren't for the delivery option,"可推断出，Jacob Levin 对此的态度是支持的。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

The spine (脊柱) stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it's important to take care of it.

Staying in a good position is one of the most important things to keep your spine healthy. A proper position means standing or sitting while keeping your spins straight, except for its natural bending. Positions play a vital part even when you're asleep. Stomach sleeping is far from a good idea. Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine. Sleeping on your back has lots of benefits yet can cause lower back pain and put some pressure on your spine.

Staying still for too long — even if your position is good — can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch (伸展) periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like push-ups can also help by strengthening the muscles. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated movements can hurt the muscles around the spine, as trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique.

Vitamins also affect the health of your spine. In particular, vitamin B and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy. Another important part is vitamin D, which is required for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do

some exercises outside. At last, many of the actions necessary to keep a spine healthy are similar to those used to protect your health in other ways. So protect your back, and the rest of the body will benefit.

（1）Which sleeping position is best for our spine according to the passage?

A. B. C. D.

（2）What is suggested in paragraph 3?

A. Strengthening muscles around the spine.

B. Repeating a certain movement more.

C. Doing a proper amount of exercise.

D. Staying still in a good position.

（3）What can we infer about vitamins?

A. Vitamin B reacts with omega-3 fatty acids.

B. Abundant vitamin D guarantees strong bones.

C. Vitamin D can't be absorbed without sunlight.

D. Doing push-ups outside increases vitamin D intake.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Stay still, stay healthy

B. Good position, good spine

C. Healthy means, healthy spine

D. Proper exercise, proper weight

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，脊柱位于健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑。它还包含一个主要的神经集合，将身体其他部位的电信号传递到你的大脑。所以照顾好它很重要。作者介绍了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine.”许多人喜欢侧睡，这对他们的脊椎有好处。可知选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like push-ups can also help by strengthening the muscles.”特别是如果你一天中大部分时间都在做一项工作，那么定期起来活动活动就很重要了。像俯卧撑这样的轻重量力量练习也可以帮助加强

肌肉。可知第三段建议要定期做适量运动有益于脊椎。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some exercises outside.“维生素D可以从一些食物中获得，但它也可以从阳光中吸收，所以在户外做一些运动也有助于维他命D的吸收。可知在室外做俯卧撑可以增加维生素D的摄入量。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的”The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it's important to take care of it.“脊柱位于健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑。它还包含一个主要的神经集合，将身体其他部位的电信号传递到你的大脑。所以照顾好它很重要。以及文章主要内容为介绍了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

We talk continuously about how to make children more "resilient (有恢复力的)"，but whatever we're doing, it's not working. Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapidly among teenagers. What are we doing wrong?

Nassim Taleb invented the word "antifragile" and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (过敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.

Children's social and emotional abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we overprotect kids and keep them "safe" from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions, we deprive (剥夺) them of the challenges and opportunities for self-building they need to grow strong. Such children are likely to suffer more when exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events, such as teasing and social rejection.

It's not the kids' fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mobility went down; screen time and adult-monitored activities went up.

Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical competence. Depriving them of free play prevents their social-emotional growth. Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: "We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age adequate risky play."

They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than

did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves.

What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life? We can't guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clear-cut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to become strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go-and let them grow.

（1）Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2?

A. To stress its importance.

B. To analyze the cause of anxiety.

C. To question the latest discovery.

D. To help understand a new word.

（2）Parents overprotect children because .

A. they are concerned about their children's safety

B. they want to keep children from being teased

C. parent-monitored activities are a must

D. children are not independent enough

（3）According to the author, free play can .

A. promote children's resilience

B. strengthen children's friendship

C. reduce children's risky behavior

D. develop children's leadership skills

（4）Which of the following does the author probably agree with?

A. Stop trying to perfect your child.

B. It takes great courage to raise children.

C. Prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child.

D. While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述的是"不要过分保护孩子"。作者认为"让孩子为路做准备，而不是为孩子准备路"。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”Nassim Taleb invented the word’antifragile‘and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (过敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.“纳西姆·塔勒布发明了"抗脆弱"这个词，并使用它来描述一个很小但非常重要的系统类别，它从冲击、挑战和混乱中获益。免疫系统就是其中之一:它需要在儿童时期接触某些种类的细菌和潜在的过敏原，以充分发展其能力。"可知，作者在第二段中提到免疫系统是为了帮助理解一个新单词antifragile。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”It's not the kids' fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents

became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less.“这不是孩子们的错。在英国，就像在美国一样，父母们在20世纪80年代和90年代变得更加害怕，因为有线电视和后来的互联网让每个人越来越多地暴露在那些现在越来越少发生的罕见的犯罪和事故面前。可知，父母过分保护孩子，因为他们担心孩子的安全。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical competence.“然而，让孩子们自己制定参与规则、承担小风险并学会掌握小危险的自由游戏，对成人社交能力乃至身体能力的发展至关重要。"可知，作者认为，自由玩耍可以提高孩子的适应力。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to become strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go-and let them grow.“然而，我们有充分的理由怀疑，通过剥夺我们天生抗脆弱的孩子成长所需的广泛经验，我们正在系统性地阻止他们的成长。我们应该放手，让他们成长。由此可知，作者会同意"让孩子为路做准备，而不是为孩子准备路"的观点。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Unlike most Chinese high school students, seniors in Canada can choose the courses they would like to take by themselves. However sometimes they cannot take the course they want to take due to different reasons like schedule conflicts.

Take me for example. At the end of last semester(学期), my adviser told me the two classes I had chosen for this semester took place during the same period, which meant that I had to give up one of them. She recommended that I take the course called life management. I had never heard of that kind of course in China so I just followed her advice.

On the first day of school, I found out that life management is an open class and every student is able to take the course. The teacher of the class told us honestly that this is an easy course that can increase our average score. It was really different from what I had expected. So I planned to drop the class. Then came the question: Could I change the class?

In fact, students are able to change classes within the first month of the semester. During that month, there's often a long queue at the office door and a lot of students want to switch courses. After the first week, I looked through courses that were available for me. I had two choices: biology and chemistry. Chemistry is for college students who would like a collection of degrees in one specific area after high school. After having discussions and making choices, I switched my class from life management to grade 11 university-level biology. Although biology is quite difficult for me because of the many difficult words I have to use and understand, I will still try my best.

To be honest, quite a lot of students want to change classes because they want easier courses.

But I think challenging myself is always the best choice. I would rather get a lower mark in a course I can really learn from than get high scores in an easy open class.

（1）According to the text, if one takes "life management", he can .

A. learn much he is interested in

B. plan his life well

C. become quite different from others

D. get high marks

（2）We know from the passage that within the first month of the semester .

A. many students switch courses

B. few students follow the adviser

C. teachers choose students who they think have talents

D. teachers refuse the students hating their courses

（3）Why did the writer finally choose biology?

A. Because it was easy for him to get a high score.

B. Because he wanted to do as other students did.

C. Because he wanted to challenge himself.

D. Because his teacher advised him to.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Studying hard abroad

B. Choosing can be tough

C. Courses in Canadian schools are difficult

D. Courses in China high schools are easier

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文作者以自己的经历为例，讲述加拿大学生对课程的选择，并指出选课可能很难。

（1）推理判断题。根据第三段中On the first day of school, I found out that life management is an open class and every student is able to take the course. The teacher of the class told us honestly that this is an easy course that can increase our average score.(开学的第一天，我发现生活管理是一门公开课，每个学生都能上这门课。老师很诚实地告诉我们，这是一门容易的课程，可以提高我们的平均分。)可知，如果一个人上"life management"，他能得到高分数。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据第四段In fact, students are able to change classes within the first month of the semester. During that month, there's often a long queue at the office door and a lot of students want to switch courses.(事实上，学生可以在学期的第一个月内换班。在那个月里，办公室门口经常排着长队，很多学生都想转专业。)可知，在学期的第一个月内，许多学生换了课程。故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中I think challenging myself is always the best choice.(我认为挑战自我总是最好的选择。)可知，作者最后选择生物是为了挑战自己。故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段Unlike most Chinese high school students, seniors in Canada can choose the courses they would like to take by themselves. However sometimes they cannot take the course they want to take due to different reasons like schedule conflicts.（与大多数中

国高中生不同的是，加拿大的高年级学生可以自己选择他们想学的课程。然而，有时由于不同的原因，如日程冲突，他们不能参加他们想要参加的课程。）可知，本文讲述的是学生对课程的选择可能很难。故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及了细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题三种常考题型。细节理解题把握题干关键词，在原文查找依据。推理判断题结合上下句合理推断。主旨大意题把握首段尾段，尤其是首段转折处。

9．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

We can take online joyful learning experiences to a new level by combining the best practices in education with inspiring hands-on lessons that parents and children can enjoy together.

◆◇Starting a Writer's Notebook June 13th-June 17th

This workshop is to inspire children to see themselves as true authors. The writing activities in this workshop are meant to help young authors develop their sense of voice and enthusiasm for writing. Participants will learn a variety of strategies and techniques for generating ideas and producing meaningful writing.

PRICE: $27.00 ($22.00 cash payment) AGE: 6-10

◆◇Backyard Science June 20th-June 24th

By sharing what we discover in our own backyards, our children will be able to experience firsthand how wildlife, climate, and geographic landscapes differ across the globe. Through this workshop we have the ability to create eye-opening explorations for our children.

PRICE: $27.00 AGE: 4-10

◆◇Be a Peacemaker June 27th-July 1st

By practicing mindfulness we discover how to find that peaceful place within ourselves, even during the most difficult times. This online class offers families a way to explore beneficial techniques together in an effort to develop a shared language and common understanding of what it means to be fully present in our lives.

PRICE: $27.00 AGE: 4-10

◆◇Poetry Makers June 11th-July 15th

When sharing poems with our children, we not only teach them how to appreciate the beauty of language but also that our words have the ability to affect others in deep and meaningful ways. In this four-week online workshop, we will strengthen our children's understanding of themselves, each other, and the world around them through the power of writing poetry.

PRICE: $27.00 AGE: 6-10

（1）What can we learn about Starting a Writer's Notebook?

A. It offers a discount.

B. It lasts four weeks.

C. It is suitable for all ages.

D. It encourages children to write poetry.

（2）What can we learn about Backyard Science?

A. It encourages the kids to get close to nature.

B. It offers the kids various outdoor explorations.

C. It fills the kids with confidence in their future.

D. It enriches the kids' life experience and knowledge.

（3）Which workshop can help kids make a good balance in their daily life?

A. Starting a Writer's Notebook.

B. Backyard Science.

C. Be a Peacemaker.

D. Poetry Makers.

（4）What can kids learn at Poetry Makers?

A. Take more interest in their studies.

B. Have a strong desire to be successful.

C. Show much enthusiasm for literature.

D. Be aware of the power of words.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个适合孩子和家长共同参与的动手实践课程。

（1）考查细节理解。根据◆◇Starting a Writer's Notebook June 13th-June 17th部分中的"PRICE: $27.00 ($22.00 cash payment)"可知，Starting a Writer's Notebook原价$27.00，现金支付只需$22.00，也就是有一定的折扣，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据◆◇Backyard Science June 20th-June 24th部分中的"Through this workshop we have the ability to create eye-opening explorations for our children."可知，Backyard Science可以为孩子们提供开阔眼界的户外探索，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据◆◇Be a Peacemaker June 27th-July 1st部分中的"This online class offers families a way to explore beneficial techniques together in an effort to develop a shared language and common understanding of what it means to be fully present in our lives."可知，Be a Peacemaker能够让孩子们明白全身心投入意味着什么，也就说能够帮助孩子们在日常生活中保持良好的平衡，故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据◆◇Poetry Makers June 11th-July 15th部分中的"When sharing poems with our children, we not only teach them how to appreciate the beauty of language but also that our words have the ability to affect others in deep and meaningful ways."可知，Poetry Makers能够让孩子们学到预言能够以深远和有意义的方式影响别人，也就是能够让孩子们学会语言的力量，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

In a win for literary fiction amid declining sales, Sally Rooney's novel Normal People has been named Waterstones book of the year in 2018.

Rooney's second novel, which follows two young people falling in love in Ireland, has sold 41, 000 copies in hardback in the UK since it was released in August-five times the hardback sales of her 2017 debut, Conversations With Friends. At 27, Rooney is now the youngest winner of the award, which is given by the UK's biggest bookshop chain, Waterstones.

Normal People received almost universal applause upon its release. Longlisted for the Man Booker prize, the book won novel of the year at the An Post Irish book awards in November of 2018 and has also been shortlisted for the Costa novel of the year, announced in January of 2019. The reader response to Normal People had been astonishing. As well as the universal praise, it has been a huge word- of-mouth (口头的) hit. There're customers returning to buy multiple copies as gifts. Normal People strengthened Sally Rooney's reputation as the voice of her generation and one of the most exciting novelists around today. Its success is a testament to the health of literary fiction and indicates that there is still significant appetite for excellent storytelling.

The award, established in 2012, tends to go to books that are already bestsellers near Christmas. It has previously been won by the late American author John Williams's Stoner, the cookbook Polpo by Russell Norman, and last year's choice, Philip Pullman's La Belle Sauvage. James Daunt, Waterstones' managing director, said Rooney's win was a sign of the healthy state of literary fiction, which has seen sales decrease over the last decade. "We are delighted to name it our book of the year," he said.

（1）What do we know about the current situation of literary fiction?

A. It sells well in Waterstones.

B. It doesn't enjoy popularity.

C. It mainly tells love stories.

D. It is a big winner in 2018.

（2）What can we infer about Normal People?

A. It was Britain's most popular book in 2018.

B. It won different awards in a lot of countries.

C. It received praise soon after it was published.

D. It made its author the voice of young people.

（3）The underlined word "testament" is closest in meaning to "________".

A. examination

B. evidence

C. concern

D. statement

（4）What is the main function of Paragraph 5?

A. To attract readers' attention.

B. To introduce other prize winners

C. To serve as background information.

D. To compare Sally's novel with other books.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了文学小说在销量下滑之际的一次胜利，

Sally Rooney的小说《普通人》荣获2018年Waterstones图书奖。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“In a win for literary fiction amid declining sales, Sa lly Rooney's novel Normal People has been named Waterstones book of the year in 2018.”这是文学小说在销量下滑之际的一次胜利，Sally Rooney的小说《普通人》荣获2018年Waterstones 图书奖。由此推断出，文学小说的现状是它不受欢迎，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Normal People received almost universal applause upon its release.”这部电影上映后，普通人获得了几乎全世界的掌声。由此可知，《普通人》这本书出版后不久就受到了好评，故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Normal People strengthened Sally Rooney's reputation as the voice of her generation and one of the most exciting novelists around today.”《普通人》巩固了Sally Rooney作为她那一代人的代言人和当今最令人兴奋的小说家之一的声誉。由此推断出，下文“Its success is a testament to the health of literary fiction and indicates that there is still significant appetite for excellent storytelling.”它的成功证明了文学小说的健康发展，并表明人们仍然对优秀的故事情节有着巨大的兴趣。"testament"意思是证明，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“The award, establi shed in 2012, tends to go to books that are already bestsellers near Christmas.”该奖项成立于2012年，通常颁发给圣诞节前已经很畅销的书籍。由此推断出，第五段的主要功能是作为背景资料，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

考研英语(一)阅读技巧总结

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(英语)高二英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析

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