高考英语语法复习-特殊句型及其他改-副本

高考英语二轮语法复习学案

（特殊句型及其他）

一、强调句

（一）强调句句型

1、陈述句的强调句型：

e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.

2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把提到it前面。

e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：

？

e.g. When and where was it that you were born?

4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。

强调主语：

强调宾语：

强调地点状语：

强调时间状语：

5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的

连接词一般只用，即使在强调时间状语和地点状

语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般时和一般时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、

过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was …，其余的时态用It is …。

（二）not …until …句型的强调句

1、句型为：

e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came

back.

强调句：

2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not …已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用句，切勿再用否定句了。（三）谓语动词的强调

1、It is/ was …that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要

强调谓语时，用助动词。

e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。

He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用。

二、It的用法

（一）作人称代词

1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的

事物。

e.g. You cannot eat your cake but leave it.（it代替前面的）

Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的）

They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. （it 代替前面分句中的情况）

2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。

e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的）

The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面

的）

3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。

e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- me.

---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.

---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.

4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于的场合；one则用于的场合。

e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.

---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.

5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但

that指，并非同一个。

e.g. The climate of South China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）

The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指）

（二）作无人称代词

it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，

另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示及情况等。

It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).

It is noon.

It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.

It is eighteen square metres in area.

What does it matter?

（三）作强调词，构成强调结构

用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。

“It is (was) + 所强调的成分+ that (who) + 其它成分。”在

这个句型中，it本身。

（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）

为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把

真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所

代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。

e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词）

We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come

last night. （it与that从句中间夹有strange）

但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。

e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因

为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）

练1、练习一、强调句、It的用法

1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.

A. one

B. ones

C. it

D. that

2. ---- Who’s that?---- ____ Professor Li.

A. That’ｓ

B. It’ｓ

C. He’ｓ

D. This’ｓ

3. ____ was Jane that I saw in th e library this morning.

A. It

B. He

C. She

D. That

4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve se en ____.

A. that

B. it

C. such

D. one

5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. one

6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.

A. It

B. There

C. Those

D. You

7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.

A. that

B. this

C. its

D. it

8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D. what

9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.

A. There was

B. There is

C. It was

D. It is

10. How long ____ to finish the work?

A. you’ll take

B. you’ll take it

C. will it take you

D. will take you

11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.

A. who

B. whom

C. how

D. that

12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.

A. where

B. that

C. in which

D. on which

13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.

A. which

B. when

C. as

D. that

14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?

A. and

B. that

C. that’s

D. so

15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.

A. it

B. that

C. so

D. she

16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.

A. many years that

B. many years before

C. many years ago that

D. many years when

17. ____ i s not everybody ____ can draw so well.

A. It, all

B. It, that

C. There, who

D. There, that

18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.

A. shallow is the lake

B. the lake is shallow

C.

shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow

三、省略

为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可

分以下几种情况：

（一）简单句中的省略

1、省略：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主

语多限于少数现成的说法。

e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语，

下同）

(I) see you tomorrow . (It) Doesn’t matter.

2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

e.g. (There is) No smoking. ( ) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to him?

3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。

e.g. ---- Are you going there? ---- I’d like to ( ).

He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to ( ).

注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之

后加上或。

e.g. ---- Are you an engineer? ---- No, but I want to be.

---- He hasn’t finished th e task yet. ---- Well, he ought to have .

4、省略表语。

e.g. ---- Are you thirsty? ---- Yes, I am ( ).

5、同时省略几个成分。

e.g. Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.

---- Have you finished your work? ---- ( ) Not (finished my work) yet.

（二）并列句中的省略

两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同

的部分。

e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother ( ) a nurse.

I study at college and my sister ( ) at high school.

（三）主从复合句中的省略

1、主句中有一些成分被省略。

e.g. ( ) Sorry to h ear that you are ill.

( ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.

2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用或（切不可用it或that）代替。

e.g. ---- Is he coming back tonight? ---- I think so .

---- Is he feeling better today? ---- I’m a fraid not.

这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。（但I don’t think so比I think not更常用）。

（四）其它省略

1、连词that的省略：

①、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。

②、在定语从句中，在从句中作宾语时可省略。

③、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。

2、不定式符号to的省略

①、并列的不定式可省去后面的。

e.g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.

②、某些使役动词（如let, make, have）及感官动词（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等）后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去，但在被动语态中须把to复原。

e.g. ---- I saw the boy fall from the tree. ---- The boy was seen to fall from the tree.

③、介词but前若有动词do，后面的不定式不带。

e.g. The boy did nothing but play.

3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可

省去“”部分。（参看“状语从句”有关部分）

4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变

化（参见“倒装句”有关部分）

5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。

e.g. The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).

6.冠词的省略

①为了避免重复

The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。（thunder前省略了定冠词）

②在副词的最高级前面的常可以省略。

She sings(the) best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。

③在某些独立主格结构中。

Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in,

with a book in his hand.)

我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。

④在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前

时，冠词要省略。

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得

很多。

四、插入语

英语句子中（尤其在口语中）常插入一些单词、短语或

者句子，用来补充某些含义。语法上称他们为“”。（一）插入语的类型：

1、单词（多是副词），如：besides, , otherwise, therefore, though

e.g. She is looking fit, thou gh. 他看起来倒是健康。

I can, however, discuss this when I see you.

2、短语

e.g. China and India, for example, are neighbours.

By the way, where are you from?

3、句子

e.g. He is an honest man, I believe.

Jack, as far as I know, isn’t clever.

（二）插入语的位置

通常插入语位于，并用逗号隔开。但有时，也可

位于句首或句末（见上面例句）。也有时，并不用逗号隔开。

e.g. You know that I think you are wrong. 我认为，你明白你错了。

What on earth do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思？

（三）插入语在句中的作用

一般来说，插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语

抽去，句子的不大受影响。但是，有的插入语却是句子

不可缺少的一部分。

e.g. He got the news from nobody knows where. 他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。

（四）插入语的特殊用法

下面这种复杂的特殊疑问句，也可认为包含有“插入

语”。这种疑问句（有的语法书也称为“混合疑问句”或“连

锁疑问句”）常用来征询对方对某一疑问点的看法、判断、

认识、猜度或请求对方重复一遍说过的话。口语中出现频率

极高。常用动词有, , guess, believe, consider, think, imagine 等。

e.g. How long did you say she would stay here?

When do you suppose they’ll be back?

How old did you think she was

（五）大纲中要求掌握的常用作插入语的词语

顺便说，顺便问一下；so far ；and so on ；相反；no wonder ；as a matter of fact ；come along 快点，；换句话说；如同以往；as a result ，结果。

练2、练习二、省略和插入语

1. ---- Won’t you have another try?---- ____.

A. Yes, I will

B. Yes, I won’t

C. Yes, I will have

D. Yes, I won’t have

2. ---- I won’t do it any more. ---- ____?

A. Why don’t

B. Why don’t do it any more

C. Why not

D. Why not do

3. ---- Do you think it will snow tomorrow? ---- ____.

A. No, I don’t think

B. I don’t think

C. No, I don’t so

D. I don’t think so

4. ---- Will he fail in the exam? ---- ____.

A. Don’t hope to

B. Let’s hope not

C. Not hope so

D. Let’s hope not to

5. ____ usual, I have forgotten something.

A. As

B. As it is

C. It’ｓ

D. That is

6. ____ she a man, she might be elected president.

A. If

B. Unless

C. Was

D. Were

7. ____ I had time, I would have played it again.

A. If

B. Unless

C. Had

D. When

8. ____ it rain tomorrow, I’d stay at home.

A. Should

B. Would

C. When

D. If

9. I like sports and ____ my brother.

A. so

B. so does

C. so is

D. so likes

10. Francis, ____ born in Kentucky, lived and practised law

in Missouri.

A. was

B. He was

C. who is

D. although

11. ---- Aren’t you the manager?---- No, and I ____.

A. don’t want

B. don’t want to

C. don’t w ant to be

D. don’ｔ

12. ---- Have you fed the dog? ---- No, but ____.

A. I am

B. I’m just going to

C. I’ｍ

D. I’m just going

13. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard（标准）—____, you failed.

A. in the end

B. after all

C. in other words

D. at the same time

14. How long ____ she would stay here?

A. did she say

B. she said

C. did

D. /

15. ____ could do such thing?

A. Whom do you think

B. Who do you think

C. Do you think whom

D. Did you think who

五.倒装句

“倒装句”主要指的是谓语语序的倒装,当然也有宾语和表语

语序的倒装。将谓语的一部分提到主语之前叫倒装;将谓语的全部提到主语之前叫倒装。

(一)部分倒装

部分倒装是把动词、动词、动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does /did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成形放在主语之后。部分倒装主要有以下几种情况:

1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。

这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly,scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no等,

Not a word I say to him.

Never have I found him so happy.

Little does he care about what I said.

I can’t swim. Neither he.

No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.

Hardly/Scarcely had he gone to bed he fell asleep.

单项选择题：

①Hardly ________ the airport when the plane took off.

A. I had arrived at

B. had I arrived

C. had I reached

D. I had got to

②—Have you ever seen anything like that before?

—No, ________ anything like that before.

A. I never have seen

B. never I have seen

C. never have I seen

D. I have seen

③She is not fond of cooking, ________ I.

A. so am

B. nor am

C. neither

D. nor do (key:CCB)

2.only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。

Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) Only then did I realize the importance of math. ( 词) Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. ( 从句)

注意:如果only后面不是状语,则不用。例如:Only Wang Ling knows this.

单项选择题：

①Only in this way ________ make progress in your English.

A. you

B. can you

C. you be able to

D. will you able to

②Only when the meeting was over________ go back to meet

his friend.

A. he could

B. he was able to

C. was he able to

D. was able to he

(key:BC)

3.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。

I saw the film, so she.

So loudly did he speak even people in the next room could hear him.

单项选择题：

①I like sports and ________ my brother.

A. so does

B. so is

C. so can

D. so likes

②The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and ________.

A. so did Charlie

B. Charlie did so

C.Charlie does so

D. did Charlie so

③So loudly ________ that ________ hear her clearly.

A. did she speak; could everyone

B. did she speak; everyone could

C. she spoke; could everyone

D. she spoke; everyone could

④If you don’t go to his birthday party next Friday,__________.

A. so do I

B. so will I

C. nor do I

D. nor will I

(key:ABBD)

4.“Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部

分倒装。

Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking

it.

但not only...but also...连接语时,不倒装。Not only the mother but also the children are sick.

单项选择题：

________ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.

A. Not was only he

B. Not only he

C. Not only was he

D. Not only was

(key:C)

5.Not until放在句首, 句不倒装, 句倒装。

Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句)

Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句)

单项选择题：

①Not until the early years of the 19th century ________ know what heat is.

A. man did

B. man

C. didn’t man

D. did man

②Not until I began to work ________ realize how much time

I had wasted.

A. didn’t I

B. did I

C. I didn’ｔ

D. I

(key:DB)

6.as引导的让步状语从句

Proud as these nobles are, he’s afraid to see me.

Tired as he was, he kept on running.

单项选择题：

________, he’s honest.

A. As he is poor

B. Poor is he

C. Poor as he is

D. Poor as is he

(key:C)

7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again

等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用倒装结构

Many a time has John given me good advice.

Often have we made that test.

单项选择题：

Many a time ________ swimming alone.

A. the boy went

B. went the boy

C. did the boy go

D. did go the boy

(key:C)

8.在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should 这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。

Had I time (= ), I would go and help you.

Were I you (= ), I would go abroad.

Should he come (= ), tell him to ring me up.

9.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。

May you succeed!

(二)全部倒装

全部倒装有以下几种情况:

1.There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear,live, rise, stand等。There stood a dog before him.

There exist different opinions on this question.

单项选择题：

________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill.

A.There stand; at

B.There stands; under

C.Stands there; under

D.There stands; at

(key:D)

2.“+ come (或be等) + 主语”　结构说明:本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而前一句型

中的there是引导词,本身没意义。如:

Here comes the old lady!

Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

There comes the bus.

Now comes your turn.

除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的均用一般时,表示一种生动的描述。其次,如果主语是代词,就不用倒装。

Here you are.

There she comes.

单项选择题：

There ________. And here ________.

A.goes the phone; she comes

B.is the phone going; is she

C.does the phone go; does she come

D.the phone goes; come she

(key:A)

3.表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。但主语是代词时部分倒装。

In came Mr White.

Up went the arrow into the air.

Away went the boy.

单项选择题：

①Out ________, with a stick in his hand.

A. did he rush

B. rushed he

C. he rushed

D. he did rush

②________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.

A.Jumped down the robber

B.Jumped the robber down

C.Down jumped the robber

D.Down the robber jumped (key:CC)

4.表示地点的介词短语(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house,in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要倒装。

On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.

In front of the classroom is a playground.

They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.

单项选择题：

Near the church ________ cottage.

A.was such an old

B.had a so old

C.was such old a

D.is so an old

(key:A)

5.其它形式的完全倒装

Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.

（词短语）

Such was the story he told me.（词）

East of the city lies a new railway. ( 词短语)

First to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building.

( 式短语)

Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.

( 分词)

Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. ( 分词短语)

6.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。

译

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

综合训练

1. John was ill. Have you heard about ____?

A. this

B. he

C. it

D. the one

2. Hurry up! ____ getting darker and darker.

A. The sky is

B. It’s

C. Weather is

D. Time is

time ____ I have been here.

3. It’s the third

A. that

B. when

C. after

D. who

4. It was simply for that reason ____ I wouldn’t tell him the truth.

A. why

B. which

C. so

D. that

5. Was it in the place ____ the last emperor died?

A. where

B. that

C. which

D. in which

6. ____ is no difference between A and B.

A. It

B. Where

C. There

D. What

7. It ____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.

A. was

B. were

C. are

D. had been

way to go 8. He said, “ ____ a long way to school. ____ a long

yet before we arrive.”

A. It is, It is

B. There is, There is

C. There is, It is

D. It is, There is

9. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.

A. the way

B. the way in that

C. the way which

D. the way of which

10. If you go to Xi’an, you’ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ____.

A. supposing

B. suppose

C. to suppose

D. supposed

11. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. It

12. It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

A. that

B. until

C. before

D. when

13. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.

A. while

B. which

C. that

D. since

14.---- Do you mind my taking this seat? ---- ____.

A.Yes, sit down please

B. No, of course not

C. Yes, take it please

D. No, you can’t take it

15. ---- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? --- Not at all. ____.

A. I’ve no time

B. I’d rather not

C. I’d like it

D. I’d be happy to

【高考预测】

1.At no time,as we know,______forget that solving Taiwan Issue is entirely internal Chinese affair.

A.we can

B.we could

C.can we

D.could we

2.So hard________that he can go to an ideal university.

A.studied Tom

B.did Tom study

C.does Tom study

D.studies Tom

3.—How is the man injured in the earthquake?

—The doctor said if______in a proper way,he was likely to be saved.

A.treated

B.treating

C.is treated

D.to be treated

4.It was not what he said but______he ________said it that

hurt my feelings.

A.that

B.what

C.how

D.whether

5.it’s

in the city_______you are going to pay a visit to_______this kind of beer is produced.

A./;where

B.where;that

C./;that

D.that;wh ich

6.Peter is not working this week.You can ring him at home_________.

A.if necessary

B.if so

C.if true

D.if any

7.—Don’t go there alone in such late hours.

—Don’t worry.I__________.

A.don’ｔ

B.won’ｔ

C.haven’ｔ

D.didn’ｔ

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高考英语特殊句式 2012,11，28 一．强调句型：“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋原句其他部分”。被强调的部分为“人”时用who/that，否则都用that。注意：被强调部分不能是谓语动词。 It was on Monday night that all this happened. It’s me who he blamed. It was what you did that made me satisfied. It is I who/that am in charge of the factory. 【考点一】考查not ... until 结构的强调句，其结构为It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。 ①It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ______ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’ t until; that 【考点二】考查复合句中的强调句型 ②Was it _____ he was seriously ill that he didn’t come to school yesterday? ③______ he came back home that we knew what had happened. A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was 【考点三】考查强调句的特殊疑问句

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