英国文学笔记

? A Brief Outline of British Literature History

1、Medieval Literature (5 A、D、-1485) (中世纪文学)

Geoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400 )

2、The English Renaissance (1500-1625) (文艺复兴时期文学)

Thomas More (1478—1535)

Edmund Spenser(1552—1599)

Christopher Marlowe(1564—1593)

Francis Bacon (1561—1626)

William Shakespeare (1564—1616)

3、The Seventeenth century (17th century)( 17 世纪文学)

John Milton (1608—1674)

John Donne (1572—1631)

John Bunyan (1628—1688)

4、English Enlightenment and neo-Classicism (17th century -18th century ) (英国启蒙运动与新古典主义文学)

Alexander Pope (1688—1744)

Jonathan Swift (1667—1745)

Daniel Defoe (1660—1731)

Henry Fielding (1707—1754)

5、Romanticism in England (1798-1832) (浪漫主义时期文学)

Robert Burns (1759—1796)

William Blake (1757—1827)

William Wordsworth (1770—1850)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772—1834)

George Gordon Byron(1788—1824)

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792—1822)

John Keats (1795-1821)

6、English Realism (1830s-1918) (现实主义时期文学) /Victorian Age (1832—1901) Robert Browning (1821—1889)

Alfred Tennyson ( 1809—1892)

Jane Austen (1775—1817)

The Bronte Sisters

Charles Dickens (1812—1870)

William Makepeace Thackeray (1811—1863)

Thomas Hardy (1840—1928)

Joseph Conrad ( 1857—1924)

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)

George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)

7、Modernism (1918-1945) (现代主义文学)

T、S、Eliot (1888—1965)

William Butler Yeats (1865—1939)

James Joyce (1882—1941)

Virginia Woolf (1882—1941)

D、H、Lawrence (1885—1930)

1、Medieval Literature (5 A、D、-1485) (中世纪文学)

Beowulf《贝奥武夫》: the national epic of the English people、

romance (浪漫传奇):the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England

Theme: loyalty to king and lord

King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table《亚瑟王与她的圆桌骑士》

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》

★Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-- 1400)

Literary Position: The father of English poetry

Masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》(Old English)

Literary Achievements: Heroic couplet (英雄双韵体)

2、The English Renaissance (1500-1625) (文艺复兴时期文学)

The word “Renaissance” means revival(复活)、The term originally indicates a revival of classical

(Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism(蒙昧主义)、Humanism: the essence of Renaissance

Edmund Spenser (1552-- 1599): "the poets' poet"

Masterpiece :The Faerie Oueene《仙后》

Thomas More (1478-1535)

Masterpiece: Utopia(乌托邦)

Christopher Marlowe (1564--1593): most gifted of the "University Wits"(大学才子派)、Masterpiece: The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus、《浮士德博士的悲剧》

★Francis Bacon (1561-1626 )

Literary Position:

—the founder of modern science in England;

—one of the earliest essayist(散文家) in English language

Masterpiece : Essays《论说文集》

Of Studies (论读书)

★William Shakespeare(1564—1616)

Literary Position:

·“not of an age, but for all time”,

·the greatest giant of English language and poetic form,

·one of the founders of realism in world literature,

·o ne of the greatest writers in the world’s literature、

Literary Achievements:

38 plays (comedies(喜剧), histories(历史剧), tragedies(悲剧), tragicomedies/romances(悲

喜剧)

2 narrative poems

154 sonnets (Sonnets 1-126 addressed to a young man, Sonnets 127-152 addressed to “Dark Lady”, Sonnets 153-154 addressed to Cupid, the God of love in Greek

mythology )

Plays(4 periods)

1、First period (1592-1594): His apprenticeship in plays、

Historical plays: King Henry VI《亨利六世》, Richard Ⅲ《查理三世》

Comedies: Love’s Labour’s Lost 《爱的徒劳》

2、Second period (1595-1600): Mature period, a marked increase in the knowledge of humanism

Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

(4大喜剧):A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》

The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》

As You Like It《皆大欢喜》

Twelfth Night《第十二夜》

3、Third period (1601-1608): Flourishing period, a period of gloomy and depression

(4大悲剧):Hamlet《汉姆雷特》

Othello《奥赛罗》

King Lear《李尔王》

Macbeth《麦克白》

4、Fourth period (1608-1612): The period of romantic drama in the form of tragicomedies

Reconciliation plays: The Winter’s Tale《冬天的童话》, The Tempest《暴风雨》

3、The Seventeenth century (17th century)( 17 世纪文学) Historical background

1、The English revolution(英国革命) and the Restoration(王朝复辟)、

·Causes: the conflict between the monarch and Parliament; the persecution of the Puritans

2、The bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restoration

·Glorious Revolution—a bloodless revolution

·The constitutional monarchy、

★John Milton (1608—1674)

Literary Position

·A master of the Blank verse

·The greatest English revolutionary poet of the 17th century

·One of the greatest poets of the English language

Literary Achievements

Poems

·Paradise Lost《失乐园》(1667): his masterpiece——The greatest epic in English literature、·Paradise Regained (1671) 《复乐园》

·Samson Agonistes (1671) 《力士参孙》

Paradise Lost《失乐园》

—John Milton 1、Introduction

·Long epic in 12 books

·Written in blank verse

大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)

英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初） 相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（The New Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（Erewhon）一直延续到20世纪

中世纪英国文学概述

中世纪英国文学概述 中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。

英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)

.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have

英国文学笔记

Middle English Middle English is the stage in the history of the English language during the High and Late Middle Ages, or roughly during the four centuries between the late 11th and the late 15th century.For three centuries after Norman conquest , two languages were were used side by side in England , Latin and French were the languages of the upper classes, used in official and formal conditions.however the inflectional system of old English was weakened and a large number of French words had been absorbed.and many inflectional forms of the words were dropped and formal grammar simplified. Romance Romance is a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages.Romance , in the original sense of the word , means the native language,as opposed to Latin,and later it means a tale in verse, embodying the life and adventures of knights. John wycliff He was one of the first man who demand to reform the church in order to do away with the corruption and rottenness, he was the one who translate the bible into standard english. His translation for bible is a great contribution to english literature ,as well as english lanuage. For he fixed a national standard for englsih prose to replace various dialects. His work owned him the title of father of english prose. William langland He is the author of Piers Plowman 《农夫皮尔斯》or the vision of piers plowman.The story takes the form of an allegory, but it gives a realsitic picture of 14th century England, (an allegory is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning,and serve to spread moral teaching)in his work , within the scope of allegorical characters, the lives of the religious people and the laymen are vividly portrayed.the corruption and the rottenness of the church people are truthfully exposed. Chaucer （The Canterbury Tales） Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, father of English literature.was born, about 1340, in London. Chaucer's contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced the "heroic couplet"into English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. Though drawing influences from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language. His production of so much excellent poetry was an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country. The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English speech.

英国文学概述-王守仁

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