商务英语专有名词翻译

商务英语名词翻译 Unit 1 CICSC United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 是《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的简称。trade terms 交易条款sales contract 销售合同price list 价格单reference price 参考价name of commodity 品名；商品名称 quantity 数量 withdrawal of offer 撤回发盘 revocation of offer 撤销发盘 termination of offer 终止发盘inquiry 询盘offer 发盘；报盘；实盘offeror 发盘人 offeree 受盘人 firm offer 实盘 non-offer 虚盘indefinite offer 虚盘counter-offer 还盘accept 承诺contract 合同（契约） termination of a contract 合同的终止suspension of a contract 合同的中止 Unit 2 claim damages 损害索赔 claim clause 索赔条款 compensation 补偿 the party in the breach 违约方difference 差额interest 利息bona fide party 当事人 Unit 3 WTO World Trade Organization, 世界贸易组织the Final Act 指乌拉圭回合多边谈判的最终议案Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合 accountable 负责的，需要解释的 ground-rule 基本准则decision-making body 决策机构the General Council 总理事会 the Dispute Settlement Body 争端协调机构

the Trade Policy Review Body 贸易政策评审机构GATT the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 《关税与贸易总协定》，简称关贸总协定。 28 free trade agreements 28个自由贸易协定trade friction 贸易摩擦trade barriers 贸易壁垒Unit 4

proceedings 诉讼、诉讼程序Works of Civil Engineering Construction 民用建筑工程；土木工程建设工程 contractor 承包人 employer 业主 sub-contractor 转包人，分包人Engineer’s Representative 工程师代表 Whereas Clause 鉴于条款（说明当事人订立合同的背影、目的、意图以及当事人确认合同的签订是在互利互惠的基础上进行的） licensor 许可方 licensee 受让方Assignment Clauses 转让条款Warranty Clauses 担保条款Guaranty of Quality 品质担保Guaranty of Right 权利担保Guaranty of Performance 履行担保 L/G Letter of Guarantee 保函Default Clauses 违约条款 Compensation for Damages 赔偿损失defaulting party 违约方 damaged party 受害方 Penalty 违约金Continuing to Perform Obligations 继续履行 Remedial Measures 补救措施 substituting 修理、更换 reworking 重做 returning the goods 退货 remuneration 报酬 supplementing quantities 补充数量 Escape Clauses 免责条款 Force Majeure 不可抗力 Arbitration Clause 仲裁条款China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会Chamber of Commerce 商会 Unit 5 quality certificate 质量合格证 open-package inspection 开箱检验 China Commodity Inspection Bureau 中国商品检验局

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国质

量监督检验检疫总局 Contract for International Sale of Goods 国际货物销售合同 Contract for International Technology Transfer 国际技术转让合同 Contract for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures 中外合资经营企业合同Contract for Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Ventures 中外合作经营企业合同Contract for International Engineering Projects 国际工程承包合同Contract for Compensation Trade 补偿贸易合同Contract for Sino-foreign Cooperative Development of Natural Resources 中外合作开采自然资源合同Contract for Foreign Labor Services 涉外劳务合同Contract for International Leasing Affairs 国际租赁合同 Contract for Sino-foreign Credits and Loans 涉外信贷合同Contract for International Build-Operate-Transfer 国际BOT投资合同Contract for Introduction of complete plant and Technology 成套设备技术引进合同 Unit 6 the investment commitment of shareholders 股东投资的承诺 the feasibility study 可行性报告 infrastructure 基础设施，基础结构 Unit 7 stock issuance 发行股票（或股票发行）stock-issuer 股票发行人 bond-issuer 债券发行人 principal 本金face value 面值 secondary market （股票的）二级市场 dividend 股息 bonus 红利 primary market （股票的）一级市场 market tone （股票的）市场行情 stock value 股票值 brokery industrial worker 股票经纪人 Common Stock 普通股 Preference Stock 优先股Unit 8 security 证券Euro Bond 欧洲债券Moody’s

Investment Service Corp 穆迪投资服务公司（美国）private placement 私募 trustee 受托人 trust indenture act 信托契约法 secured bond 保证债券mortgage bond 抵押债券mortgageholder 抵押债券持有者这个单词跟书上一致 Unit 9 a line of credit 信用额度hire-purchase 分期付款rental and lessing scheme 租赁计划（方式）这个单词跟书上一致，但是我认为这里有可能是打印错误应该是leasing Unit 10 liquidity 流动性 demand loans 活期贷款 term loans 定期贷款 working capital 流动资金 call repayment 偿还贷款 Unit 11 accounting 会计，会计学，会计（行业） accountant 会计师 bookkeeping 薄记，薄记学equity 证券，公平，公道，财产价值Unit 12 premium 保险费 annuity 年金，年金保险

商务英语翻译英汉词汇大全

商务英语翻译技能等级考试英汉词汇表 （以英语字母顺序排序） 翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为5 高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4 助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3 翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3+2 A 4 权力委托 5 旷工，旷职 2 绝对配额 3 绝对值 5 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响 3 吸收游资 5 ; 摘要 2 承兑费 2 不记名承兑 3 承兑信用证 3 抽样认可 4 ; 承兑银行 4 进入市场（的机会） 5 意外事故 3 无法控制的意外事故 3 意外事故保险 4 意外损坏 4 设施；住宿；欠单 3 顺民意；合民情 5 会计帐目 4 账户结金 5 账本（账册、账簿） 3 客户经理（常指广告公司） 5 解释；说明 4 账目编号；账户号码 2 结欠清单 5 账户名称 5 会计工作；会计行业 5 会计 5 会计长 5 会计学 3 会计档案 5 往来帐目 2 账目不清

3 应付账 4 应收账 2 ; ; 应付费用 4 累计资本 3 资本积累 2 累计佣金 5 收购 5 行动计划 2 盘活基础设施存量资产 5 畅销 3 出口加工贸易 5 成交活跃的股票 3 ; 贸易顺差 5 业务类型 3 实际成本 4 实际交货 4 时价；实际价格；实价 4 实际全损 2 ( ) 从价税 3 ; 附加费用 4 额外投资 2 附加保险费 2 追加税 2 ; 防范和化解金融风险2 充分需求 4 核算 3 海损理算书 5 ; 实施，经营，行政 4 行政预算；管理预算 2 行政开支；办公费 4 行政保护 5 预付费用 2 a 预付定金 4 预计货样 5 预付工资 4 预收货款 4 规模经营优势 3 贸易逆差 5 公布；做广告 5 广告业 3 通知行 3 信用证转让通知 3 吁请团，游说团体

商务英语名词解释

Hostile takeover An acquisition of a firm despite resistance by the target firm's management and board of directors. Total quality control A philosophy and set of guiding concepts that provides a comprehensive means of improving total organization performance and quality by examining each process through which work is done in a systematic, integrated, consistent, organization-wide manner. Abbreviated TQM. Motivation theory/need hierarchy theory Psychological discipline that attempts to describe why people or animals behave as they do solely in terms of internal needs that drive behavior, rather than attributing any influence to external stimuli. theory X and theory Y assumption T h e o r y X With Theory X assumptions, management's role is to coerce and control employees. o People have an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it whenever possible. o People must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment in order to get them to achieve the organizational objectives. o People prefer to be directed, do not want responsibility, and have little or no ambition. o People seek security above all else. T h e o r y Y With Theory Y assumptions, management's role is to develop the potential in employees and help them to release that potential towards common goals. o Work is as natural as play and rest. o People will exercise self-direction if they are committed to the objectives (they are NOT lazy). o Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement. o People learn to accept and seek responsibility. o Creativity, ingenuity, and imagination are widely distributed among the population. People are capable of using these abilities to solve an organizational problem. o People have potential.

商务英语专有名词翻译

商务英语名词翻译 Unit 1 CICSC United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 是《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的简称。 trade terms 交易条款 sales contract 销售合同 price list 价格单 reference price 参考价 name of commodity 品名；商品名称 quantity 数量 withdrawal of offer 撤回发盘 revocation of offer 撤销发盘 termination of offer 终止发盘 inquiry 询盘 offer 发盘；报盘；实盘 offeror 发盘人 offeree 受盘人 firm offer 实盘 non-offer 虚盘 indefinite offer 虚盘 counter-offer 还盘 accept 承诺 contract 合同（契约） termination of a contract 合同的终止 suspension of a contract 合同的中止 Unit 2 claim damages 损害索赔 claim clause 索赔条款 compensation 补偿 the party in the breach 违约方 difference 差额 interest 利息 bona fide party 当事人 Unit 3 WTO World Trade Organization, 世界贸易组织 the Final Act 指乌拉圭回合多边谈判的最终议案 Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合 accountable 负责的，需要解释的 ground-rule 基本准则 decision-making body 决策机构 the General Council 总理事会 the Dispute Settlement Body 争端协调机构

商务英语专有名词解释

Деловой перевод. Forms of ownership: –Sole Proprietorship—a business owned and operated by a single individual. –Partnership---- партнёрство— a business owned by two or more people. –Limited Company—a company where ownership is represented by company＇s shares. 1. Board of directors---.Cовет директоров —the officials elected by shareholders who rule the company 2. Current liabilities—the money that a company during which certain goods are produced. 3. Dividends—company profits paid to shareholders. 4. Entrepreneur-- Предприниматель—person who sets up a new commercial enterprise to make a profit. 5. Indebtedness -- задолженность– amount of debts 6. Initial funds --funds used in starting a business. 7. Liabilities -- Обязательства– the amount of debt that must be paid. 8. Shareholders-- акционер–those who own shares of a company＇s stock. 9. Accounting –бухгалтерия---- the action or process of keeping financial accounts. Is a system of gathering , summarizing and communicating financial information for a business firm, government or other organizations. 10. Balance sheet –Балансовый отчёт - is a statement which describes the companies resources and indicates where these resources have come from.

一些专有名词的翻译

simulation 仿真；模拟 simulation algorithm 仿真算法 simulation algorithm libray 仿真算法库simulation block diagram 仿真（方）框图simulation centre 仿真中心 simulation clock 仿真时钟 simulation data base 仿真数据库 simulation environment 仿真环境 simulation equipment 仿真设备 simulation evaluation 仿真评价 simulation experiment 仿真实验 simulation experiment modelibrary 仿真实验模式库simulation expert system 仿真专家系统 simulation graphic library 仿真图形库 simulation information library 仿真信息库simulation job 仿真作业 simulation knowledge base 仿真知识库 simulation laboratoryt 仿真实验室 simulation language 仿真语言 simulation methodology 仿真方法学 simulation model 仿真模型 simulation model library 仿真模型库

simulation process 仿真过程 simulation process time 仿真过程时间 simulation program 仿真程序 simulation result 仿真结果 simulation run 仿真运行 simulation software 仿真软件 simulation support system 仿真支持系统 simulation system 仿真系统 simulation technique 仿真技术 simulation type 仿真类型 simulation velocity 仿真速度 simulation work station 仿真工作站 simulator 仿真器 simultancous comparison method 同时比较法simultaneous technique 同时联用技术；同时并用技术sing around method 声环法 sing-around velocimeter 环鸣声速仪 single acting positioner 单作用定位器 single arm measurement 单臂测量 single beam spectrum radiator 单光束光谱辐射计single board microcomputer 单片微（型）计算机single bounce technique 一次反射法

专有名词翻译方法

专有名词和事物名词的常用翻译方法 我们在英译汉时，常常会碰到一些专有名词和事物名词。对于这些词，有时我们可以在字典或其他工具书里找到相对应的译词，有时则需要译者自己灵活掌握。我们在翻译这些专有名词和事物名词时，经常采用表意法、谐音法、表形法、谐音加表意法、部分谐音部分表意法等五种方法，其中表意法和谐音法用得最为广泛。 一、表意法（semantic translation） 这是最常用的一种译法，即在汉语中找出同原词含义相同的词。在大多数情况下，我们是可以在字典或其他工具书里找到相应的译词的。如： computer：计算机 magnifier：放大镜 perambulator：童车 transformer：变压器 有时我们可以用表意法将英语中两个或两个以上的名词仅从字面上翻译成汉语中的一个词或名词性词组。一般情况下，译文和原文的含义是相符的。如： down coat；羽绒服 moon cake：月饼 table cloth：桌布 head worker：脑力劳动者 应当注意，这种情况下的表意法不是绝对靠得住的。因为有时当英语中两个或两个以上名词固定搭配在一起时，他们表示的可能是与字面意思完全不同的另外一个意思。此时我们就不能仅从字面上去表意，而应深入一步从含义和惯用法上去表意。如： honey cooler不能译为“甜冷饮”，而应译为“讨好女人的男子”；

night cart不能译为“夜车”，而应译为“粪车”； hand money不能译为“手中之财”，而应译为“定金、保证金”； fish story不能译为“钓鱼故事”，而应译为“牛皮、大话”； dog days不能译为“狗的日子”，而应译为“三伏天”； cat suit不能译为“猫服”，而应译为“喇叭裤”； pig head不能译为“猪头”，而应译为“顽固分子”； pig tail不能译为“猪尾巴”，而应译为“辫子”： donkey’s breakfast不能译为“驴子的早餐”，而应译为“草垫”。 二、谐音法（transliteration） 谐音法就是用汉语中同原词发音相近的字来翻译原词。这种方法多用来翻译人名、地名、药名、计量单位以及一些从外国传入中国的药品的名称。如： 1．译人名 Marx：马克思到 Shakespeare：莎士比亚 Bacon：培根 Einstein：爱因斯坦 2．译地名 Vienna：维也纳 Berlin：柏林 Cyprus：塞浦路斯 Somalia：索马里 3．译药名 aspirin：阿斯匹林 analgin：安乃静 quinine：奎宁 procaine：普鲁卡因 4．译计量单位

商务英语名词解释

Acceptance承兑P119 An acceptance credit call for drafts to be drawn at a tenor for acceptance by the issuing bank or any drawee nawed in the credit.汇票承兑信用证要求汇票按规定在一定期限内由开证行或者其他在信用证上签名的收款人来检验。 a letter of credit信用证P116 A banker’s document letter of credit is a credit instrument.A common means of payment in international trade.一种在国际贸易中常见的支付手段。Containing a writer undertaking in the part of the issuing bank to pay a certain amount to a third party against the surrender of stipulated documents. collection托收P133 entrust banks as intermediaries to collect the money for the goods 委托银行作中间人收取款项 Bill票据 a statement of money owed for goods or services; demand payment tax 税收P197 charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government; levy a tax on hedge套期保值P144 capture slight differences in price; foreign exchange markets perform four major functions:tranfer of payments;provision of credits;payment at a distance;allowing hedging against exchange risk.外汇市场主要从事四种功能：转移支付；提供信贷；异地支付；提供外汇风险防范。 arbitrage套汇P139 buy at the lower price and sells at the higher price; Is the use of discrepancies in currency exchange rates to transform one unit of a currency into more than one unit of the same currency.利用不同的外汇市场各种货币在同一时刻的汇率和汇率上的差异，同时买进和卖出有关货币的现汇和期汇，以赚取汇率或利率上的差价收益的交易。 option期权P144 the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited在外汇交易中，以契约形式规定的在某一特定日期或在未来某一日期，按规定的价格买（看涨期权）或卖（看跌期权）特定数量的基础票据权利。 future期货 A currency future,also FX future or foreign exchange future.is a futures contract to exchange one currency for another at specified date in the future at a price(exchange rate 买卖双方约定于未来某一特定日期，以约定价格买卖的约定数量的商品。 foreign exchange汇率,外汇 price by one currency for other currency; means the system utilized in financing international payments.一个用于支付国际金融付款的系统。

中国传统文化专有名词英文翻译

中国传统文化专有名词英文翻译 中国传统文化的英语单词你都了解吗？以下内容是关于中国文化的英语单词，与大家一起分享！ 1 .上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theatre 2 .龙须沟Longxu Ditch 3 .样板戏model opera 4 .地雷战The Mine Warfare 5 .贵妃醉酒Drunkened Concubine 6 .霸王别姬Farewell to My Concubine 7 .荒山泪Tears of Huangshan 8 .群英会Gathering of Heroes 9 .借东风East Wind 10 .将相和General and Premier Make Up 11 .杨门女将Women General of Yang Family 12 .凤阳花鼓Flower Drum Dance 13 .大海啊，故乡Home in the Sea 14 .我的中国心My Chinese Heart 15 .军港之夜Night at the Naval Port 16 .冬天里的一把火Winter Fire 17 .十面埋伏（古曲）Ambush from All Sides 18 .天仙配Goddess Marriage 19 .牡丹亭Peony Pavilion 20 .春江花月夜Moon and Flower in the Spring River 21 .琵琶记The Story of Pipa 22 .醒世恒言Lasting Words to Awaken the World 23 .梁祝（小提琴协奏曲）Butterfly Love 24 .警世通言Ordinary Words to Warn the World 25 .喻世明言Clear Words to Illustrate the World 26 .“三言”、“二拍” Three V olumes of Words,Two V olumes of Slapping 27 .拍案惊奇Surprise Stories to Make One Slap the Desk 28 .红楼梦A Dream of Red Mansion/Chamber 29 .水浒Water Margin 30 .西游记Journey to the West 31 .三国演义Romance of the Three Kingdoms 32 .聊斋志异Strange Tles from a Scholar's Studio 33 .长生殿Palace of Eternal Life 34 .桃花扇The Peach Blossom Fan 35 .儒林外史The Scholars 36 .五女拜寿Celebrating Mother's Birthday 37 .清明上河图Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

商务英语翻译词汇整理

Between..and…在..之间 Country of origin and manufacture生产国别和制造厂商 Time of shipment装运期限 Port of shipment）装运口岸 Port of destination 到货口岸 Be liable for 对…负责 On account of由于 Attribute to 造成 Take measures采取措施 Shipping mark唛头 Gross weight毛重 Net weight净重 Do not stack up side down此端向上 Handle with care小心轻放 Keep away from moisture切勿受潮 Terms of payment付款条件 Payment by L/C信用证付款 Payment by collection信托付款 Payment by M/T信汇付款 In case of在情况下，以某种方式 Freight to collect运费到付 Insurance policy/certificate保险单/证明 War risk兵险 Breakage and leakage破碎渗漏 In the event of在发生情况下if Upon arrival of在到达之时 Invoice of quintuplicate发票5份 Packing list in duplicate装箱单2份 Certificate of quality质量证明 Technical document技术资料 Foundation drawings基础图 Wiring instructions布线说明 Terms of shipment装运条款 Shipping agent装运代理人 In the matter of如有。。if Be free from defects不存在缺陷 For a period of 2 years from the date of purchase自购买之日起两年内Warranty 保修期 Batch number批号 Forwarder 代运人 Shipment date装运日期 Design specification设计规格 Risk assessment风险评估

商务英语名词解释

1. BUdget—预算an accoUnt Of PrObabIe future inCOme and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year USed as a guide in making finan cial arran geme nts. 2. RetUrn —回扌报the gai n from an in VeStme nt, either as in come or yield or as PrOfit on the sale of the inv estme nt. 3. Portfolio —证券投资组合the entire collection of inVeStments in the form of stocks, bon ds, or CertifiCate of deposits for PUrPOSeS other tha n con trolli ng 4. Royalty —专利税money Paid to the owner of a COPyright for PermiSSion to PUbIiSh COPyright material and to the owner of a Pate nt for PermiSSi on to USe a Pate nted desig n, usu. at a greed PerCe ntage of the selli ng PriCe of the product. 5. Patent —专利权a SPeCiaI right to an inven tor to be the on Iy PerS on to make and sell, or to authorize OtherS to make and sell a n ewly-i nven ted machi ne or process. 6. Non-tariff barrier —非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made ObStrUCtions to intern atio nal trade other tha n tariffs ,in cludi ng PrOhibiti OnSand quotas, etc. 7. FranChiSe —经销权an arran geme nt by WhiCh a mono poly PrOdUCer or owner gives ano ther PermiSSi on for the exclusive right to manu facture or sell the PrOdUCtS in a Certa in area. 8. Purchasing power—购买力of PerSons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services. 9. PPP —购买力平价PUrChaSing power Parity 10. tariff —关税tax IeVied by the CUStOmS 11. barriers to trade —贸易壁垒any action by a government to limit or PreVent the free flow of goods in and out of its coun try. 12. primary commodities —初级产品those commodities not processed, or only SIightIy processed, usually farm PrOdUCe or raw materials 13. drawback —退税duties Paid on imported goods that are refunded When re-exported 14. specific duties—从量税duties IeVied on the basis of quantity, weight, SiZe etc. of the goods 15. ad valorem duties—从价税duties IeVied on the basis of the PriCe of the goods 16. carriage —运费the PriCe or cost of tranSPOrtatiOn 17. voluntary offer —主动发盘an Ofer made On the initiative of the Oferer

中国专有名词的英语翻译

1. 素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban wor kers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects

商务英语专业词汇

商务英语专业词汇 企业标识corporate identity 企业形象corporate image 公司规划corporate planning 企业部门corporate sector 企业福利corporate welfare 公司注册许可证corporation charter 成本会计师cost accountant 注重节省成本的cost-conscious 成本效益cost-effective 质量成本cost of quality 销售成本cost of sales 成本核算costing 咨询公司consultancy 耐用消费品consumer durables 家用电子产品consumer electronics 日用消费品consumer goods 消费趋势consumer trends 雇用合同contract of employment 合同期限contract period 合同义务contract obligations 核心经营项目core activity 核心福利项目core benefits 核心产品core product 核心技术core technology 公司官僚主义corpocracy 商务区business area

公司赊账卡corporate charge card 公司文化corporate culture 公司宴请corporate entertaining 竞争优势competition advantage 优惠价格competitively price 竞争对手competitor 投诉complaint 工作周work weeks 会议设备conference facility 会议技术conferencing 跨行业公司conglomeration 商品批发商commodity trade 乘车上下班者commuter 公司法company law 公司概况company profile 公司秘书company secretary 企业内部商店company store 行政机关civil service 索赔部经理claims manager 业务会议business meeting 商业运作模式business operation 业务透支business overdraft 商业伙伴business partner 经营规划business plan 商业头脑business sense 出差go to a business trip 副产品by-product 品牌形象brand image 领导产品brand leader

商务英语阅读名词解释

1. The bank had doubled profits in the past year via a string of successful mergers, but on Apr. 21 it reported that its securities portfolio had unrealized losses of nearly $131 million. 在过去一年中 银行已经通过一系列成功的 合并双倍盈利，但在4月21 日却传出报告说证券投资组 合造成近一亿三千一百万美 元的损失。 2. We’re considering strategies that make the most sense if rates are going up much more aggressively and sooner than anticipated.如 果利率继续以超出我们想象 的强劲势头增长，我们就要考 虑最明智的决策。 3. But benchmarking employees, and then paying them different rates, can turn out to be a minefield if handled badly. 但是仅仅用 一种单一的标准来衡量员工， 然后以此对他们进行区分奖 励，一旦操作有误很可能造 成恶劣后果。 4. But the growing shortage of executive talent may make the gro wth assumptions written into many business plans over-optimistic. 但是日 渐匮乏的管理人才使得商业 计划书对未来经济增长的假 设显得过于乐观了。 5. Alternati v ely, advertisers can choose to use “spokescharacters”. O w ens-Corning has used the P ink P anther for nearl y20 years to endorse its insulation products, and Metropolitan Life has used the P eanuts gang to promote its insurance policies. Another way advertisers protect themselves is by using deceased celebrities. Through the w onders of technology, televi s ion viewers see screen legends John Wayne pitching Coors beer and Fred Astaire dancing with a Dirt Devil vacuum cleaner. 此外，作为 一项选择，广告主不一定非要 用真人来促销产品，而可以选 择一个“代言人”（不一定是 真实的人，可以是动画人物， 甚至可以是动物）。例如，奥 弗恩斯*科宁用粉红豹来促 销其粉红色的绝缘材料已有 20 多年;大都会人寿保险公 司用花生少年来促销其保险 政策。广告主保护自己的方法 之一就是减少名人的运用。例 如，通过神奇的技术，电视观 众看到了荧幕传奇任务约翰* 威尼叫卖科拉斯啤酒的镜 头，还看到了弗莱特*阿斯泰 尔与一台名叫清洁助手的吸 尘器一起跳舞的情形。 6. In China, as a result of the economic reforms and market opening measures, SME s have enjoyed remarkable development and have grown to become an important force in contributing towards sustained and rapid growth of the Chinese economic.在 中国，由于经济改革和市场开 发等措施，中小企业有了越来 越大的发展，逐渐演变为中 国得以可持续快速发展的中 坚力量。 7. Many underestimate the cost of local staff. Chinese graduates often have an inflated view of their own, complain some foreign managers. Multinationals are also competing for talent with China’s domestic companies, which need to improve the quality of their people as thei r markets open to foreign rivals.许多人低估了本土雇 员的成本。一些国外的经理抱 怨说，中国的毕业生常常过分 地夸大自身的价值。不少跨 国公司也在和中国本土的公 司竞争人才，这就意味着中国 公司同样应当提高员工的素 质，因为中国市场已经向国外 的竞争者开放了。 8. A fairly obvious cultural divide that has been much studied is the one between, on the one hand, the countries of North America and north-west E urope, where management is largely based on analysis, rationality, logic and systems, and, on the other, the Latin cultures of southern E urope and South America, where personal relations, intuition, emotion and sensitivity are of much greater importance.一 方面，北美和欧洲西北部的管 理方式大都是基于分析、理 性、逻辑和系统;而另一方面， 在南欧和南美的拉丁文化中， 人际关系、直觉、情感和敏感 性则更为重要。这两种明显 的文化划分已经被广为研究。

英语专有名词和事物名词的常用翻译方法

英语专有名词和事物名词的常用翻译方法 《英语自学》--1996年第8期(总125) 我们在英译汉时,常常会碰到一些专有名词和事物名词。对于这些词,有时我们可以在字典或其它工具书里找到相对应的译词,有时则需要译者自己灵活掌握。我们在翻译这些专有名词和事物名词时,经常采用表意法、谐音法、表形法、谐音加表意法、部分谐音部分表意法等五种方法,其中表意法和谐音法用得最为广泛。 一、表意法(semantic translation) 这是最常用的一种译法,即在汉语中找出同原词含义相同的词。在大多数情况下,我们是可以在字典或其它工具书里找到相应的译词的。如: Computer:计算机magnifier:放大镜 perambulator:童车transformer:变压器 有时我们可以用表意法将英语中两个或两个以上的名词仅从字面上翻译成汉语中的一个名词或名词性词组。一般情况下,译文和原文的含义是相符的。如: downcoat:羽绒服mooncake:月讲 tablecloth:桌布headworker:脑力劳动者 应当注意,这种情况下的表意法不是绝对靠得住的。因为有时当英语中两个或两个以上名词固定搭配在一起时,他们表示的可能是与字面意思完全不同的另外一个意思。此时我们就不能仅从字面上去表意,而应深入一步从含义和惯用法上去表意。如, Honey cooler不能译为“甜冷饮”,而应译为“讨好女人的男子” Night cart不能译为“夜车“,而应译为“粪车”; Hand money不能译为“手中之财”,而应译为“定金、保证金” Fish story不能译为“钓鱼故事”,而应译为“牛皮、大话”; Dog days不能译为“狗的日子”,而应译为“三伏天”; catsuit不能译为“猫服”,而应译为“喇叭裤”; Pig head不能译为“猪头”,而应译为“顽固分子” Pig tail不能译为“猪尾巴”,而应译为“辫子“, Donkey breakfast不能译为“驴子的早餐”,而应译为“草垫”。 二、谐音法(transliteration) 谐普法就是用汉语中同原词发音相近的字来翻译原词。这种方法多用来翻译人名、地名、药名、计量单位以及一些从外国传入中国的药品的名称。如: 1.译人名 Marx:马克思Shakespeare,:莎士比亚 Bacon:培根Einstein:爱因斯坦 2.译地名 Vienna:维也纳Berlin:柏林 Cyprus引塞浦路斯Somalia:索马里 3译药名 aspirin:阿斯匹林analgin:安乃静 quinine:奎宁procaine:普鲁卡因 4.译计量单位 ampere:安培(电流单位)watt:瓦特(电功单位) hertz二赫兹(频率单位)volt:伏特〔电压单位)