7省略法的翻译(教师版)
英汉翻译常用技巧----省略法
Oct. 17th–21st 省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不翻译出来。原因是译文中虽无其词但已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。但省略并非把原文的意义删去。
一、从语法结构考虑的省略
1. 代词的省略
A.省略作主语的代词。汉语习惯中，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复。英语中则通常每句都有主语，人称代词往往多次出现。英译汉中该类人称代词常常可以省略。eg1. He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.
他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一幅可怜相。
eg2. Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.
像他的朋友一样，他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。
eg3. My elder brother did not come yesterday, he went to his friend’s home.
我的弟弟昨天没来，到朋友家去了。
B. 泛指的代词常常不译。
eg4.When will he arrive? – You can never tell.
他什么时候到？很难说。
eg5. One is never too old to learn.
活到老，学到老。
eg6. All those years in the military, where there were certain standards and rules; where young men treated their superiors with respect; where you gave an order and it was obeyed; where a uniform meant you were all on the same side.
多年来的军队生涯，那里总是有一定的标准和规则；年轻人尊敬上级；发出命令，人人遵守；同样的制服就意味着站在同一边。
eg7. He who cannot forgive others destroys the bridge over which he himself must pass.
人不宽容他人，就会断了自己的后路。
eg8. If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader.
打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。
C. 省略作宾语的代词。
eg9. In fact, Hitler’s ―blitz‖ carried him so far in Russia, to the very gate of Leningrad by September, a city he was never to seize.
事实上，希特勒所进行的“闪电战”曾深入苏境，九月份已直逼列宁格勒--一座他始终未能攻陷的城市。
eg10. I’ve received your letter and read it with delight.
我收到你的来信，很愉快地读了。
eg11. In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say
openly that he accepted them.
事实上，他相当清楚地表明哥白尼的学说是正确的，只是他没有公开宣布接受而已。
eg12. He who knows and knows he knows, he is wise—follow him!
知之且知其所知者，乃大智之人---应从之！
eg13. I haven’t seen you for ages! How are you doing with your work?
好久没见了！工作进展如何？
D. 省略物主代词
eg14. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一声不吭。
eg15. In my childhood I heard a great deal about the great leader.
在孩童时代，我就听到很多关于这位伟大领袖的事情。
eg16. In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.
为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。
2. 省略非人称或无意义的的代词it
A.非人称的it
eg17. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。
eg18. Everybody knows that it is easier said than done!
做比说难，人皆知之！
eg19. It was just growing dark, as she walked out of the classroom.
她步出教室时，已是暮色苍茫了。
B.无意义或强调句中的it
eg20. Peter has always enjoyed claiming that it was he and not George, who was the first to reach the summit of the mountain.
彼得一直津津乐道的是，第一个到达山顶的不是乔治，而是他自己。
eg21. Reading furnishes the mind only with the materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.
读书只能供给心灵以知识的材料，思想才能把我们所读的变成自己的东西。
eg22. It is such a piece of cake for him to drink a whole bottle of wine.
把整瓶酒喝下去对他而言是小菜一碟。
3. 省略连词
A.省略并列连词and和or
eg23. He considered the National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much.
他认为国家安全委员会机构太庞大，人多嘴杂，容易泄密。
eg24. Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.
男女老少都参加了战斗。
eg25. All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women are merely players. They have their exits and their entrances.
世界是一个大舞台，所有人都只是其中的演员。有出场，也有退场。
B.省略表示原因、条件和时间的从属连词
省略表示原因的连词
eg26. We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.
我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快到了。
eg27. He declined to amplify on the President’s statement, since he had not read the text.
他没有看到总统讲话的文本，不愿加以发挥。
省略表示条件的连词
eg28. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
eg29. ―You’ve got to be careful of these eastern lawyers. If you are not careful, they’ll take you and turn you inside out.‖
“对这些东部的律师可得提防。一不小心，他们就会抓着你，把你弄个够呛！”
省略表示时间的连词
eg30. Sunday is the day when I am least busy.
星期天我最闲。
eg31. He stood there, handsome, reserved – somehow those fours stars seemed visible even when he was in civvies.
他站在那里，英俊而矜持，他穿着便服，然而他那上将的四颗星似乎隐约可见。
4. 省略介词。表示时间和地点的英语前置介词，译成汉语如出现在句首，大都可以省略，出现在句尾就一般不省略。
eg32. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。
比较：中华人民共和国于一九四九年成立。（介词于放在句末不能省略。）
eg33. Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes.
各种流言蜚语早就传遍了大街小巷。
eg34. Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country.
该国各地目前怨声载道。
eg35. He would die before he submits.
他宁死不屈。
5. 省略谓语。英语中谓语必须是动词，汉语中的谓语形式较多样化，如可以表现为形容词等其它词性。英汉翻译可适当省略谓语。
eg36. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.
这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。
eg37. When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.
压力低，沸点就低。
eg38. You are hungry?
你饿吗？
二、从修辞角度考虑的省略
1. 省略汉语中不言而喻或可有可无的字眼。
eg39. As scheduled, American and Chinese diplomats met on January 20, at the Chinese embassy. It was their first get-together in more than two years.
美中两国外交官按照预定计划于一月二十日在中国大使馆会晤。这是两年多来的第一次。eg40. Could you help me in any way?
你能帮帮我吗？
2. 英语句子中有些短语重复出现，英汉翻译时可适当作省略处理。
eg41. Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me.
那时打我并使我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆，而是老老少少各式各样的人。
eg42. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
报考大学的人，有工作经验者优先录取。
3. 同义词、近义词或意义重复的词翻译时可适当省略。
eg43. He was safe and sound.
他安然无恙。
eg44. Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing.
能引起疾病的细菌称为致病菌。
Practice: a short paragraph for translation
It’s No Laughing Matter
Everything humans do has a function, and laughing is no exception. Its function is surely communication. We need to build social structures in order to live well in our society and evolution has selected laughter as a useful device for promoting social communication. In other words, it must have a survival advantage for the species.
笑，岂只是笑而已
人类行使，必有所用。笑，亦不例外。笑的功能无疑是传递信息。为了社会生活和谐，我们需要建立各种社会结构。而在人类的进化过程中笑被选择为促进社会交流的有用手段。换言之，它必然具备有助于物种生存的优势。
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如何在翻译中运用省略法
首先请试译下列句子： 1. It is snowing. 2. Dr John resumed his experiment as soon as he came into the laboratory. 3. We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of the merchandise. 1. It is snowing. 译文一：它正在下雪。（×） 译文二：下雪了/在下雪。 分析：译文一字字对应译出，貌似“忠实”，但完全不合汉语表达习惯，实是错误译法。 2. Dr John resumed his experiment as soon as he came into the laboratory. 译文一：约翰博士一到实验室，他就继续做实验。（×） 译文二：约翰博士一到实验室就继续做实验。 分析：译文一将主从句的主语都译出，貌似“忠实”，但产生歧义，可能让人以为“他”和”约翰博士”是两个人。 3. We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of the merchandise. 译文一：我们借此机会告知你们现在我们可以立即装运那批货物。 译文二：兹奉告，该商品可即期装运。（简洁明确，公文惯例） 分析：译文二省却了“take this opportunity”和“in a position”等词语，还省译了三个人称代词，使译文更加符合汉语涉外文书的行文习惯。 省略法（omission)，也叫减省译法，是指在翻译中，原文中有些词在译文中可以省略，不必翻译出来。因为译文中虽然没有这个词，但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思，或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的。省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅，更符合译文习惯。
最新英汉翻译练习之省略法
Put the following sentences into Chinese, using the technique of omission. 1.If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 2.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 3.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful. 4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it. 5. 6.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others. 7. 8.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness. 9. 10.N ever trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you. 11.T he true joy of joys is joy that joys in the joy of others. 12.F or generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport man from place to place.
英语翻译之词义省略法
英语翻译之词义省略法 一、从语法角度来看 （一）省代词 1．省略作主语的人称代词 （1）省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。 （2）英语中，泛指人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。联展在线：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4a16122054.html,/xkyfd/ 考研学习：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4a16122054.html,/kcnet1450/ We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 When will he arrive?—You can never tell. 他什么时候到？——说不准。
The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 2．省略作宾语的代词 The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them. 他越是想要掩盖他的错误，就越是容易暴露。 Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。 3．省略物主代词 I put my hand into my pocket. 我把手放进口袋。 She listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睁大双眼，听我说话。 （二）代词it的省略 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
商务文本翻译的方法和技巧
外教一对一https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4a16122054.html, 商务文本翻译的方法和技巧 在实践中，商务文本的翻译有一定的处理方法和技巧，分别可以概括为转换、颠倒、增补和省略等。 (一)转换 根据语言类型学，汉语属分析型语言，英语属分析综合参半型语言。在语序上汉语和英语均属“主谓宾”语言，但也存在殊异性。转换是指在商务文本的翻译中对语言的词性和表现方法做出改变。由于英语和汉语的表达习惯、句子结构和词汇的搭配关系均有差异，在翻译中往往难以做到词性和表现方法的一致。为了适应译的搭配关系均有差异，在翻译中往往难以做到词性和表现方法的一致。为了适应译文语言的表达习惯和语法规则，在商务文本翻译中必须运用词类和表现方法的转换技巧。 1. 词性的转换 1)动词和名词转换 (1)We regret to inform you that the result of examination was the emergence of disagreement between the shipment and the bill of lading.(遗憾地通知你方，检查的结果是出现了装运的货物与提单不一致的情况。) (2)美国与德国汽车制造商在欧洲市场竞争得异常激烈，迫使我们不得不改变投资计划。(Extremely keen competition between American and German vehicle manufacturers in the European market has compelled us to change our investment plan.) (3)The “Events of Default”, as used in this Contract, shall mean the occurrence, from time to time, of any of the following circumstances.(合同中使用的“违约事项”是指发生以下情形。) 分析：本句的“occurrence”本为名词，但在译成汉语时转换成动词更通达。 (4)The establishment of a joint venture in China is subject to examination and approval by the Ministry of Commerce of PRC.(在中国境内设立合营企业，必须经中华人民共和国商务部审批。) (5)Until the publication or public announcement of a patent application, staff members of the Patent Office and persons involved shall have the duty to keep the contents of the patent application confidential.(在专利申请公布或公告之前，专利局的工作人员及有关人员对其内容负有保密义务。) (6)绝对不允许合同任何一方有违反合同支付条款的行为。(No violation by either party hereto of any payment clause or clauses can be tolerated.) (7)卖方声明并保证，卖方将向买方交付完整、准确、有效的系统。该系统能够达到在产品说明与规格中规定的技术指标，并通过成功完成系统验收检测予以证明。(The Seller represents and warrants that it will deliver to the Buyer a complete, correct and valid system, capable of accomplishing the technical targets specified in Product Description and Specification, and proved by successful completion of the Acceptance Test of the System.) (8)招揽订单时，代理商应将卖方成交条件、合同的一般条款充分通知顾客，也应该告知顾客，任何合同的订立都要由卖方确认。代理商应将其收到的订单立即转交给卖方，供卖方选择是否接受订单。(When soliciting orders, the Agent shall adequately advise customers of the general terms and conditions of the Seller’s sales note or contractual note and that any contract is subject to the
7省略法的翻译(教师版)
英汉翻译常用技巧----省略法 Oct. 17th–21st 省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不翻译出来。原因是译文中虽无其词但已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。但省略并非把原文的意义删去。 一、从语法结构考虑的省略 1. 代词的省略 A.省略作主语的代词。汉语习惯中，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复。英语中则通常每句都有主语，人称代词往往多次出现。英译汉中该类人称代词常常可以省略。eg1. He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一幅可怜相。 eg2. Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice. 像他的朋友一样，他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。 eg3. My elder brother did not come yesterday, he went to his friend’s home. 我的弟弟昨天没来，到朋友家去了。 B. 泛指的代词常常不译。 eg4.When will he arrive? – You can never tell. 他什么时候到？很难说。 eg5. One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 eg6. All those years in the military, where there were certain standards and rules; where young men treated their superiors with respect; where you gave an order and it was obeyed; where a uniform meant you were all on the same side. 多年来的军队生涯，那里总是有一定的标准和规则；年轻人尊敬上级；发出命令，人人遵守；同样的制服就意味着站在同一边。 eg7. He who cannot forgive others destroys the bridge over which he himself must pass. 人不宽容他人，就会断了自己的后路。 eg8. If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader. 打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。 C. 省略作宾语的代词。 eg9. In fact, Hitler’s ―blitz‖ carried him so far in Russia, to the very gate of Leningrad by September, a city he was never to seize. 事实上，希特勒所进行的“闪电战”曾深入苏境，九月份已直逼列宁格勒--一座他始终未能攻陷的城市。 eg10. I’ve received your letter and read it with delight. 我收到你的来信，很愉快地读了。 eg11. In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say
xx考研英语翻译(省略法)
xx考研英语翻译(省略法) 考研英语翻译需掌握一些技巧翻译起来才能如鱼得水！考研网 为大家提供xx考研英语翻译(省略法)，更多考研资讯请关注的更新! 省略法是英语翻译中很重要的方法，本文中将为考生详细讲解 省略法的基本用法，希望对考生的复习有所帮助。 省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 The significance of life is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获得的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 省略作作宾语的代词 Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 取下来扔掉 省略物主代词 I put my hand in my pocket. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 It was 08:00. It took me a long time to reach the destination. It is the people who are really powerful.
人民才是最强大的。 He looked gloomy and troubled. 忧虑不安 As it is late, you had better go home. 时间不早了 If winter es, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了 If I had known it, I would not have joined into. 早知如此 John rose gloomy as the train stopped. 火车停了 The horse is a useful animal. 马是有益的动物。 It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past 有些情况，冠词不能省略： He left without saying a word. 一句话 This is the book you wanted. 那本书 省略表示时间的介词 The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People’s Republic of China. Smoking is prohibited in public places. In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South. 特例： He stood by the desk. 他站在桌旁。 He stayed in his own house. 他住在自己家里。
2016考研英语翻译技巧之：省略法
省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为其在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 (1)冠词的省略 经典例题: Because the body’s defense system is damaged，the patient has little ability to fight off many other diseases. 参考译文: 由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏，病人几乎没有什么能力来抵抗许许多多其他疾病的侵袭。 经典例题: Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid，or a gas. 参考译文 任何物质，无论它是固体、液体或气体，都是由原子构成的。 (2)代词的省略 经典例题: The desert animals can hide themselves from the heat during the daytime. 参考译文: 沙漠中的兽类能躲避白天的炎热天气。 经典例题: We all took it for granted that he would attend the meeting，but in the end he never turned up. 参考译文: 我们都想当然地以为他会来开会，但直到最后他也没有露面。 经典例题: We live and learn. 参考译文: 活到老，学到老。 (3)连词的省略 经典例题: Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract. 参考译文 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。 经典例题: He looked gloomy and troubled. 参考译文: 他看上去有些忧愁不安。 经典例题: If winter comes，can spring be far behind? 参考译文: 冬天来了，春天还会远吗? (4)介词的省略 经典例题: The density of air varies directly as pressure，with temperature being constant. 参考译文温度不变，空气的密度和压力成正比。 经典例题: Smoking is prohibited in public places. 参考译文: 公共场所不许吸烟。 经典例题: A body in motion remains in motion unless acted on by an external force. 参考译文 如果没有外力的作用，运动的物体仍然保持运动状态。 (5)同位语前置名词的省略 经典例题: Behaviorists，in contrast，say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. 分析:在同位句中，the fact就是指that所引导的blacks are often deprived of?that whites enjoy.在翻译成汉语时，就可以省略the fact，以免显得累赘。 参考译文: 相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。(1990年真题) (6)同义词或近义词的省略 经典例题: Technology is the application of scientific method and knowledge to industry to satisfy our material needs and wants. 分析: 例句原文中的needs and wants是近义词，在英语中常一起出现，但从中文的角度来看，表达的是同一个意思。所以译文可以简洁一些。 参考译文: 技术就是在工业上应用科学方法和科学知识以满足我们物质上的需求。 经典例题: Insulators in reality conduct electricity but，nevertheless，their resistance is very high.分析: but，nevertheless是近义词，在文中都表示“但是”。
“改错翻译”省略法讲解
“改错翻译”省略法讲解 泛瑞翻译 英语基础知识的积累对大家英语学习能力的提高非常重要，同学们一定要多加练习。精品小编为大家整理了初中英语改错翻译省略法讲解，欢迎大家阅读。 初中英语改错翻译省略法讲解2014： 省略法是指在翻译中，原文中有些词在译文中可以省略，不必翻译出来。因为译文中虽然没有这个词，但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思，或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的。省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅，更符合译文习惯。但需要注意的是，省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去，省略不能改变原文的意义。现从语法角度和修辞角度分别举例探讨省略法： 一、从语法角度来看 (一)省代词 1.省略作主语的人称代词 (1)省略作主语的人称代词 根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复出现。英语中通常每句都有主语，因此人称代词作主语往往多次出现，这种人称代词汉译时常常可以省略。 I hadmany wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。 He wasthin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。 (2)英语中，泛指人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。 We liveand learn. 活到老，学到老。 Whenwill he arrive?—You can never tell. 他什么时候到?——说不准。 Thesignificance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs toattain. 人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 2.省略作宾语的代词
翻译技巧汇总
. 第一节省略法 所谓“省略”并不是把原文的意义删去，而是省略一些可有可无的，或者有了反而显得累赘甚至违背译文语言习惯的词。 一、结构考虑的省略 1．代词的省略 A．省略作主语的代词 在英文句子中，作主语的代词较多。为了使译文前后句子的意思紧凑，避免重复用词，或者为了使译文前后句子的主语能清楚地表示出来，有时可以将作主语的代词省去。但省去的人称代词在意思上仍明显地包含在译文里。例如： 1). That is the way I am, and try as I might, I haven't been able to change it. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 2）Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice. 像他的朋友一样，他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。 B. 在英语句子中，泛指的人称代词常常不译出来。例如： 1）One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 2）They say it's so. 据说是这样。 C. 作宾语的代词往往也可省略。 在英语句子中，有时作宾语的代词，无论在前面是否提到过，翻译成汉语的时候往往可以不译出来。例如： 1）The following letter will explain itself and needs no apology. 下面的话一看就明白，用不着道歉。 2）If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 如果你读过这些故事，就用自己的话讲出来。 3）The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed them. 他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤，就越是会暴露。 D. 省略物主代词 在英语句子里的物主代词，出现的频率很高。一个句子中往往会出现好几个物主代词，如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下，在翻译的时候物主代词大多省略。例如： 1）For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its room,its electric wiring, its path and its garden. 两个星期以来，他一直注意房子的情况，查看各个房间、留心电路的走向以及通道和花园的布局。 2) In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature. 为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。 1)She felt the flowers were in her finger, on her lips, growing in her breast.
翻译技巧：加词法和减词法
翻译技巧（二）：加词法和减词法 加（增）词法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方法不尽相同，有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象；还有些词虽然在原文中意义明确而完整，但译成汉语后文字却不甚通顺流畅。在这种情况下，就需要使用增词译法。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要，在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致，使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来，更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 S y n t a c t i c a l A m p l i f i c a t i o n（从句法结构上考虑的增词） This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. (1) 增加量词（classifier） 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用，不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 It was a nova! 这是一颗新星！ The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇到江里去了。 (2) 增加表达复数的词(convey the concept of plurality) 汉语中的名词没有复数概念，也没有词形上的变化，很多情况下不必表达出来；而英语中的名词有词形的变化，但没有量词，所以在翻译成汉语的时候，可根据情况增加重叠词、数词或其他一些词来表达复数的概念，以达到修辞效果。 All roads lead to Rome 条条大路通罗马 The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。 The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色的长影。 I saw bubbles rising from under the water. 我看见一个个水泡从水下升起。 (3) 增加概括词(Amplification by supplying words of generalization)
2017考研英语：词法翻译法——省略法
2017考研英语：词法翻译法——省略法 1. 省略代词 ?省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 The significance of life is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获得的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 ?省略作作宾语的代词 Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 取下来扔掉 ?省略物主代词 I put my hand in my pocket. 2. 代词it的省略 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 It was 08:00. It took me a long time to reach the destination. It is the people who are really powerful. 人民才是最强大的。 3. 省略连接词 He looked gloomy and troubled. 忧虑不安 As it is late, you had better go home. 时间不早了 If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了 If I had known it, I would not have joined into. 早知如此 John rose gloomy as the train stopped. 火车停了 4. 省略冠词 The horse is a useful animal. 马是有益的动物。 It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past 有些情况，冠词不能省略： He left without saying a word. 一句话 This is the book you wanted. 那本书 5. 省略介词 省略表示时间的介词 The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People’s Republic of China. ?省略表示地点的介词 Smoking is prohibited in public places. In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South. 特例： He stood by the desk. 他站在桌旁。 He stayed in his own house. 他住在自己家里。 6.省略动词