2018年全国新课标高考英语模拟卷(一)

2018高考英语模拟卷1

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节(共15题：每小题2分，满分30分)

A

Nisha Pradhan is worried．The recent college graduate just turns 21 and plans to live on her own．But she's afraid she won't be able to stay safe．That's because she isn't able to smell．

Back home，her family do her smelling for her．She's moved in with them for now，but she's looking for a place of her own．"Now that I'm searching for ways or place to live as an independent person，I find that the sense of smell is important to how we live our lives，"Pradhan says．

She says when she was a child she liked to eat and ate a lot．But there came a point where she lost interest in food．"One of the first things that people notice whenever they have a smell problem is that food doesn't taste right

any-more，"says Beverly Cowart，a researcher．That's because eating and smell go hand in hand．How food tastes often relies on what we smell．"When you lose your sense of smell，your whole sense of food flavor s changed and reduced，"Cowart says，"You can still taste the basic tastes．What you're missing are the small distinctions．" "When I go out to eat I have often found that that food is very tasteless to me．I never feel full，"she says．"I think a lot of us today like to pretend to be food lovers and we all like to talk about‘Oh，I think this could use a little bit more flavor，'or‘I think this has a hint of meat，'I can't really participate in those conversations，"she says．Pradam thinks her smell loss also may have affected her memory．Pradhan may be on to something，according to biologist Paul Moore．"When smell signals come in，you feel about them first．And then you think about it and then the memory is laid down．So without the feel part，the thinking about its part doesn't come．And that means no new smell memory gets created．"

1.What problem does Pradhan meet with at present？______

A. That she has no sense of smell．

B. That she doesn't have her own house．

C. That she lacks life skills to live alone．

D. That she is too nervous to live alone．

2.What can we infer from what Beverly Cowart said？______

A. People with a smell problem have no food tastes．

B. Lack of smell sense makes eating a dull experience．

C. Different food tastes the same for people of smell loss．

D. People feel hungry easily for lack of smell sense．

3.When eating out，Pradhan ______ ．

A. has a sense of being full quickly

B. often has a good appetite

C. pretends to have good smell sense

D. feels left out sometimes

4.What does the underlined sentence mean？______

A. Pradhan may be crazy．

B. Pradhan may be foolish．

C. Pradhan may be right．

D. Pradhan may be forgettable．

B

Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods (GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms(有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic

engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a non-specific but stable change. For many people, the high-tech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical(伦理的), health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.

In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U.S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U.S. this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.

However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?

The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world’s population reached 6 billion. The U.N. states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don’t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.

How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.

5.The passage mainly talks about ________.

A. the world’s food problem

B. the development in biotech

C. the genetically modified foods

D. the way to solve food shortages

6.According to the passage, GM foods ________.

A. are far better than naturally grown foods

B. will replace naturally grown foods

C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition

D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries

7.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that

________.

A. GM foods are available everywhere

B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced

C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers

D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets

8.What’s the writer’s attitude towards GM foods?

A. Cautious.

B. Enthusiastic.

C. Disapproving.

D. Unbelievable.

C

Children today spend less time outdoors than ever before and it may be harmful not only to their physical health, but also to their cognitive development.

A year-long study, recently published in the Sciences, found that elementary school children who were exposed to more green space within or directly outside their school showed improved learning and memory. The findings reinforce that of a recent six-year study on 905 Massachusetts public elementary schools, which found that students in schools that had more “greenness” in their surroundings reported higher scores on standardized testing in English and math. “There is an expanding body of scientific evidence linking the human experience in the natural world to better physical and mental health and improved cognitive abilities,” journalist Richard Louv, co-founder of the Children & Nature Network, said in an email to The Huffington Post. “An increasing number of homeschoolers, nature preschools, independent primary and secondary schools, and forward-thinking public schools are incorporating (并入) nature experience into learning.”

The new study was conducted on more than 2,500 children in second, third and fourth grade at 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain. Researchers found that the students who attended schools with more green space showed a 5 percent improvement in the short-term memory that’s critical for reasoning, learning and comprehension. But their inattentiveness decreased slightly.

Spending time outside could have a number of benefits for children beyond improved memory and attention. Another recent study found that adventurous outdoor play such as climbing, rough and tumble (翻筋斗) play, and exploring alone improves children’s physical health while also help them develop creativity and social skills greatly.

Some schools are starting to take notice, creating more space for children to enjoy being in nature, including community gardens, outdoor playgrounds and small parks.

9.What did the study lasting a year find?

A. The cognitive abilities of children today decreased.

B. The findings of another six-year study were incorrect.

C. Being exposed to nature was beneficial to the learning of pupils.

D. Students had higher scores on testing in English and math than before.

10.According to the passage, what can we know about Richard Louv?

A. He discourages students from getting close to nature to gain experience.

B. He is one of the founders of the Children & Nature Network.

C. He conducted the study on 905 Massachusetts public elementary schools.

D. He often contributes articles to The Huffington Post.

11.Spending time in green space may have little effect on children’s __________.

A. inattentiveness

B. creativity

C. communication

D. learning

12.In which column of a newspaper can you see this article?

A. Entertainment.

B. Travel.

C. Parenting.

D. Education.

D

The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeds to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effects”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects----a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen---is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

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2p ：若复数z 满足2z ∈R ，则z ∈R ； 3p ：若复数12,z z 满足12z z ∈R ，则12z z =； 4p ：若复数z ∈R ，则z ∈R . 其中的真命题为 A ．13,p p B ．14,p p C ．23,p p D ．24,p p 4．记n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和．若4524a a +=，648S =，则{}n a 的公差为 A ．1 B ．2 C ．4 D ．8 5．函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞单调递减，且为奇函数．若(11)f =-，则满足21()1x f --≤≤的x 的取值范围是 A ．[2,2]- B ．[1,1]- C ．[0,4] D ．[1,3] 6．6 2 1(1)(1)x x + +展开式中2x 的系数为 A ．15 B ．20 C ．30 D ．35 7．某多面体的三视图如图所示，其中正视图和左视图都由正方形和等腰直角三角形组成，正方形的边长为2，俯视图为等腰直角三角形.该多面体的各个面中有若干个是梯形，这些梯形的面积之和为 A ．10 B ．12 C ．14 D ．16 8．右面程序框图是为了求出满足3n ?2n >1000的最小偶数n ，那么在和 两个空白框中， 可以分别填入 A ．A >1 000和n =n +1

2018年高考英语全国卷1【附解析】

英语试卷 第1页（共22页） 英语试卷 第2页（共22页） 绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英 语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt ？ A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C . 1. What will James do tomorrow ？ A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman ？ A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave ？ A. At 6：30. B. At 8：30. C. At 10：30. 4. How does the woman go to work ？ A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers ？ A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman regret ？ A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now ？ A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the man ？ A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver. 9. What is the man doing for the woman ？ A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place ？ A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant. 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening ？ A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours. 12. Who is Alice going to call ？ A. Mike. B. Joan. C. Catherine. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Why does the woman meet the man ？ A. To look at an apartment. B. To deliver some furniture. C. To have a meal together. ------------在 --------------------- 此--------------------- 卷--------------------- 上--------------------- 答--------------------- 题--------------------- 无-------------------- 效------------ ---- 姓名________________ 准考证号_____________