专八翻译成功之路(英译汉)

专八翻译成功之路

第七讲英汉翻译——如何美化译文

北京新东方国内部唐静

美化译文的可能性

z专八英译汉的翻译过程中，困难的不是要通常大家感受的“生词”，而是要用流畅而优美的汉语来表达。从词汇的认知方面来说，稍微具备4000左右的词汇，就完全够应付专业八级中的单词，至少能够认识绝大多数单词。

美化译文的可能性

z举例

z2002年试题，请同学确认，那些词是生词。

z再举例2000年试题、01年、03年、04年、05年都如此，生词并不多

英汉翻译中的问题

z可是“认识单词”并不意味着能翻译，更不意味着能够用优雅的汉语来翻译。历年专业八级英汉翻译中的英语原文，涉及时政和经济方面的论说性文章几乎没有，大多数都是优美的essay，读完令人回味无穷，这就要求译者能够用汉语的“美文”来翻译。

翻译中美文的定义

z何为美文？

z《词源》里有一句话：美好的文辞。

z英汉翻译中的美文不一定是用华丽的辞藻堆砌起来，辞不达意，或

者过犹不及。而是在准确理解了英语原文的基础上，在忠实于英语原文的基础上，译者所遣之词所造之句，读起来回味无穷，有力度之美；或者朗朗上口，有音韵之美。

美文

z举例：

z真羡慕他有缘造访欧美那些名校学府、图书馆、书店、文人作家的故居。啊，竟是一路书香。他和他儿女的点滴小事真窝心。身边旅伴，旧雨新知，风光都在人情里。又或是晃荡于历史的尘沙，细说前朝烽烟，另有一种哀矜。我喜欢文章里没有着意描绘景物的累赘笔墨，倒是即兴捡拾，任意联想。寻常门巷，街边道旁，擦身而过的小片人间，短短几行勾勒，别有韵致。

美文

z punctuation is bound to change, like the rest of language; punctuation is made for man, not man for punctuation; a good sentence should be

intelligible without the help of punctuation in most cases; and if you get in a muddle with your dots and dashes, you may need to simplify your thoughts, and shorten your sentence

z标点同语言一样在变；标点为人所役使，人不可为标点所役使；佳句十九不必借重标点而自成头绪；为文点点圈圈破破折折难取难舍之际，不妨简化思路，斩短文句 ...

结论1

z美化译文其实很简单：

z准确理解是前提，在这个前提下，一般的做法是，用及其浅白的汉语直接翻译出英语原文的意思，或者用自己的第一汉语思维表达出英语的基本意思；

然后，再找一些汉语的相同的说法，同义替换。这个“同义替换”的过程，就是不断雕琢美文的过程：可以适当引申，可以适当增删，可以适当重复，可以用四字成语，可以照顾到上下文的节奏和韵律。

如何美化译文

z1.初次翻译：准确理解英语，用第一思维想到的汉语，写下来，越贴近原文最好。

z2.美化方法一：同义替换，找一些相同的说法来替换第一译文，千万不要改变意思。

z3.美化方法二：可以适当引申，可以适当增减，可以适当重复，可

以用四字成语，可以照顾到上下文的节奏和韵律。

美化的方法学习——同义替换，适当引申

z I’ll see her home tonight

z今晚我送她回家。

z India is the home of elephants.

z印度是大象的生长地。

z New homes are for sale.

z新房出售。

z They have their smiles and tears.

z他们有自己的欢乐与悲哀。

美化的方法学习——适当增加

z Day after day he came to his work –sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.

z他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。

z This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.

z这部打字机真是价廉物美。

z They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East.

z他们试图缓解中东的紧张局势。

美化的方法学习——适当减少

z I put my hand into my pocket.

z我把手放进口袋。

z She listened to me with her rounded eyes.

z她睁大双眼，听我说话。

zＨe looked gloomy and troubled. （省略并列连接词）

z他看上去有些忧愁不安。

美化的方法学习——适当减少

z As it is late, you had better go home. （省略表示原因的连接词）

z时间不早了，你最好回家去吧。

z If sinter comes, can spring be far behind? （省略表示条件的连接词）

z冬天来了，春天还会远吗？

z If I had known it, I would not have joined in to. （省略表示条件的连接词）

z早知如此，我就不参加了。

美化的方法学习——适当重复

z We don’t retreat, we never have and never will。

z我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。

z Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

z读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。

z Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.

z上大学的，上大学了；下乡的，下乡了。（有的上大学了，有的下乡了。）

美化的方法学习——四字成语，节奏与韵律

z These statements may seem so commonplace that they may be hardly worth making.

z译文a：这些声明似乎太平常了，几乎不值得发表。

z译文b：这些说法似乎是老生常谈，不值一提。

美化的方法学习——四字成语，节奏与韵律

Money may not be the root of all evil, but if it keeps us at night, it has become too important in our lives.

z译文a：钱也许并不是所有罪恶的根源，但如果它使我们整个晚上睡不着觉，那我们就将它看得过重了。

z译文b：钱也许并不是万恶之源，但要是使我们夜不能寐，那我们就将它看得过重了。

美化的方法学习——四字成语，节奏与韵律

z The buildings rise straight into the blue sky on either side of New York streets.

z译文a. 纽约街道两旁的建筑一直上升到蓝蓝的天空。

z译文b. 纽约街道两旁的建筑高耸入云，直指蓝天。

美化译文——简单的理解翻译

z To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step.（98年试题）

z要谈论美国文学，那么，不是要断言他完全不同于欧洲文学。广而言之，美国与欧洲保持一致的步伐。

美化译文——同义替换，雕琢译文

z要谈论美国文学，那么，不是要断言他完全不同于欧洲文学。广而言之，美国与欧洲保持一致的步伐。

z那么，要谈论美国文学，并非要断言，他与欧洲文学完全迥异。广而言之，美国与欧洲同步发展，协调一致。

z那么，谈及美国文学，并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学大相径庭。广而言之，美国与欧洲一直并驾齐驱。

美化译文——02年专八试题分析

z试题选自Muriel James 和Dorothy Jongeward所写的Born To Win: Transactional Analysis With Gestalt Experiments这本书的第一章“Winners and Losers”。读者一致认为该书是“史上最受欢迎的大众心理学读物”，目前已经有全译本，并且在大陆地区由成都科技大学出版社出版，书名翻译为《论强者——强者的诞生》，译者是刘宁。2002年专八试题节选的这几段话，共154个单词，以适合专八考试的要求。英语原文用词精妙，内容丰盈，形式整齐，节奏明朗，实乃佳作。为使专八考生练就翻译美文的能力，逐句分析如下：

02年英译汉美化分析

z Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be: rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance,

maintaining pretence, and manipulating others.

z理解翻译：成功者不会把他们的一生奉献给一个概念，即：想象自己应该成为什么人。而是，他们就是他们自己。这样一来，他们不会把他们的经历用在表演上，用在保持为装上，用在

操控他人上。

02年英译汉美化分析

z理解翻译：成功者不会把他们的一生奉献给一个概念，即：想象自己应该成为什么人。而是，他们就是他们自己。这样一来，他们不会把他们的经历用在表演上，用在保持为装上，用在操控他人上。

z美化译文：成者不会毕生致力于这样一种概念：即想象自己应该成为何种人。

相反，他们即他们自己。因此，他们不会费神去装腔作势，故作姿态，摆布他人。

02年英译汉美化分析

z They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable.

Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.

z理解翻译：他们明白，有一种区别存在于爱和装爱，傻和装傻，有知识和装有知识之间。成功者不需要藏在面具之后。

02年英译汉美化分析

z理解翻译：他们明白，有一种区别存在于爱和装爱，傻和装傻，有知识和装有知识之间。成功者不需要藏在面具之后。

z美化译文：他们明白：爱与装爱，傻与装傻，博学与卖弄之间迥然有别。成者无须藏于面具之后。

02年英译汉美化分析

z Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers.

z理解翻译：成功者并不害怕自己思考，并不害怕利用自己的知识。他们能够把事实和意见区别开来，并且不假装知道答案。

z美化译文：成功者敢于独立思考，敢于运用自己的知识。他们能够区分事实与观点，而又不会假装无所不知。

02年英译汉美化分析

z They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can adore and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.

z理解翻译：他们听别人的，权衡他们（别人）所说的话，但是得出自己的结论。虽然成功者能够钦佩和尊重别人，他们不会完全被别人所定义，所破坏（推翻），所束缚，所吓倒。

02年英译汉美化分析

z理解翻译：他们听别人的，权衡他们（别人）所说的话，但是得出自己的结论。虽然成功者能够钦佩和尊重别人，他们不会完全被别人所定义，所破坏（推翻），所束缚，所吓倒。

z美化译文：他们倾听他人的意见，权衡他人的话语，但自行作出结论。虽然成者也钦佩他人，尊敬他人，但是不会完全为他人所局限、所推翻、所束缚，所吓倒（也不会对他人敬若神灵）。

02年英译汉美化分析

z Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.

z理解翻译：成功者不会假装“无助”，也不会抱怨他人。相反他们为自己的生命承担起责任。

z美化译文：成者不会假装“无助”，也不会怨天尤人；相反，他们总是为人生独担重任。

结论2

z美化译文其实很简单，只需要：

z1.准确理解了英语，用简单的理解中的汉语来表达。

z2.适当运用翻译技巧（同义替换，适当引申、增减、重复；适当用成语，适当照顾汉语的节奏）来美化译文即可。

z当然，需要译者平时多加强汉语功底。

汉语书推荐

z王力：古代汉语（四本）

z黄伯荣：现代汉语（重语法）

z多读汉语经典的杂志：《萌芽》、《随笔》、《美文》、《读书》《万象》和某些报刊的专栏作家《中华读书报》、《南方周末》等。

z谢谢

第八讲英汉翻译之长难句突破

北京新东方国内部唐静

⒈什么是翻译?

翻译的分类(一)

英译汉

汉译英

⒈什么是翻译?

翻译的分类(二)

笔译

translation

口译

interpretation

⒈什么是翻译?

Translation is the faithful representation of one language into another language on the basis of accurate understanding

⒈什么是翻译?

翻译是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。

⒈什么是翻译?

原文（英语）←→理解→

表达→译文（汉语）

⒉怎么做翻译？

2.1理解英语

2.2表达成汉语

⒉怎么做翻译？

翻译是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言

⒉怎么做翻译？

翻译的标准:准确(忠实),通顺

翻译的方法:直译为主,适当意译

⒉怎么做翻译？

2.1理解英语

2.2表达成汉语

2.1理解英语

英语的语言特点:形合

汉语的语言特点:意合

2.1理解英语

英语的语言是通过一系列代词、介词、关系词、连接词、引导词引导起来环环相扣、主次分明、条理清楚、逻辑严密的语言

结论1

理解的关键在于理解句子的结构层次，理清各成分之间的逻辑联系。所以，只要找到连词、引导词、介词、分词、to、和标点符号等，并且在这些地方断开句子，就可以把长难句变为短句了。

例1

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry

which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of

natural phenomena.

找断句点

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry

which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of

natural phenomena.

理解句子结构层次,逻辑联系

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry（主干）which seeks to study humans and their endeavors（定语从句）in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and

dispassioned manner（方式状语）that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（定语从句）

2.2 表达成汉语

表达的关键在于根据汉语习惯来做适当调整每一个部分的先后顺序。

例1

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry（主干） which seeks to study humans and their endeavors（定语从句）in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner（方式状语）that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（定语从句）

主干：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry

试译：社会科学是intellectual enquiry 的一个分支

intellectual enquiry ：知识询问？（X）

询问知识？（X）

探索知识？（√X）

主干：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry

intellectual enquiry：知识探索（√）

调整：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支

从句： Which定语从句

①简单的，前置到先行词前面翻译

②复杂的，后置，重复先行词或者用代词来重复先行词

从句： Which定语从句

①I like that little boy who is lovely.我喜欢那可爱的小孩

That professor that we met yesterday is very famous.我们昨天遇到的那位教授非常有名.

从句： Which定语从句

②Last week I wrote a letter to Vice-president, who had been a famous professor in our university.上周,我给副总统写了封信,他曾经是我们学校著名的教授

生词endeavors

which seeks to study humans and their endeavors

试译：它试图研究人类和他们的努力

翻译技巧:词义选择

解决翻译中的生词,多义词等问题,使译文准确并且通顺.

①分析词根词缀:microultrasonicprober

②分析上下文，同义替换，再根据汉语习惯搭配: delicate skin/vase/difference/diplomatic relation

生词endeavors

which seeks to study humans and their endeavors

试译：它试图研究人类和他们的?

生词endeavors

which seeks to study humans and their endeavors

调整：它试图研究人类及其行为

which定语从句和方式状语

which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the…manner …

in the…manner …

以一种…方式…

试译：它试图研究人类及其行为以一种…方式

which定语从句和方式状语

which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the…manner …

调整：它试图以一种…方式来研究人类及其行为

方式状语和that定语从句

in the …manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

以一种自然科学家用来研究自然现象那样同样的方式。

生词dispassioned

reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner

试译：理性的，有序的，系统的和？的方式

生词dispassioned

reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner

调整：理性的，有序的，系统的和冷静的方式

专八长难句突破方法

z1.断句（连词、引导词、介词、分词、to、标点）

z2.翻译每一个断句部分，形成一小句话

z3.把每一个小句子连贯成通顺的完整句

z总而言之：拆分英语、组合成汉语

第九讲英汉翻译之长难句突破

北京新东方国内部唐静

专八长难句翻译步骤

划竖线——其目的是断开句子的结构，化繁复为简单

写汉字——其目的是理清断开之后的短句句子的意思，做初步的理解翻译

连汉字——其目的是按照英语的修饰关系，连接各个意群，美化初步翻译的结果

When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree.（98年试题）

划竖线

When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., //I intend some sort of qualification /to precede the word, //for frequently the difference between

America and Europe (especially England) //will be one /of degree,

sometimes only /of a small degree.

When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., //I intend some sort of qualification /to precede the word, //for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) //will be one /of degree,

sometimes only /of a small degree.

写汉字

当我谈到美国习惯、思维等

我想要一些种类的限制/加在这个词前=我想要在这个词前，加上某种限制 因为经常美国和欧洲（尤其是英国）的区别

将会是一种成都的区别，有时候仅仅是一点小程度

写汉字

当我谈到美国习惯、思维等

我想要一些种类的限制/加在这个词前=我想要在这个词前，加上某种限制 因为经常美国和欧洲（尤其是英国）的区别

将会是一种成都的区别，有时候仅仅是一点小程度

连汉字

当我提及美国式的习惯、思想等概念时，我意欲在“美国式的”这一词汇之前加上某种限定，因为欧美（尤其是英美）之间的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，并且有时候仅仅只是微乎其微的一点程度差异而已。

2005年专八试题分析

伍尔芙作品分析：

“聽說她寫完一部小說往往心力崩潰，神志紊亂，總要休養一段日子心情才平靜下來。細心推敲她筆底的處處靈犀，我也隱約感受到她的焦慮她的躊躇，一字一句絕不馬虎。她的作品氣韻很荒寒，彷佛茫茫雪地上的幾株枯樹，遠看絕望，近看倔強，再看孤傲；養一養神翻開下一頁，冷風中她懷抱的永遠是篝火餘燼的一念之慾，不是紅塵的戀眷不是愛恨的執著，是她一次又一次的夢醒。我於是不再計較吳爾芙作品的鋪陳了：我只管閱讀她的句子，一句接一句慢慢讀，最後讀出的內心獨白竟是我的獨白不是她的獨白。”

——董桥（香港）评价伍尔芙2005年专八试题分析

该文章选自伍尔芙1926年的一篇演讲词“How Should One Read a Book”。05年考试划线部分，字数148字，没有任何超纲词。完全符合英语专业八级大纲要求。总共7个句子，其中有4个长难句，3个短句。

1Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. 2 Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. 3 If we could

banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. 4 Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. 5 Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. 6 If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. 7 But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. 根据当年对十万份试卷的抽样分析，80%左右的考生拙译、误译连连。（中国翻译06年第1期）现一句一句分析如下：

2005年专八试题分析

It is simple enough to say that since books have classes--- fiction, biography, poetry--- we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us.

划竖线：

It is simple enough to say //that since books have classes---/ fiction, biography, poetry--- //we should separate them and / take from each //what it is right that// each should give us.

2005年专八试题分析

It is simple enough to say //that since books have classes---/ fiction, biography, poetry--- //we should separate them and / take from each //what it is right that// each should give us.

写汉字：

可以足够简单的说

因为书有种类——/小说、传记、诗歌，

我们应该分开他们

并且从每一个中得到…

什么是正确的

每一本书所给与我们的

It is simple enough to say //that since books have classes---/ fiction, biography,

poetry--- //we should separate them and / take from each //what it is right that// each should give us.

写汉字：

可以足够简单的说

因为书有种类——/小说、传记、诗歌，

我们应该分开他们

并且从每一个中得到…

什么是正确的

每一本书所给与我们的

连汉字：

可以很简单的说，既然书有不同的种类——小说、传记、和诗歌，我们就应该区别对待，并且从每一本书中汲取他们各自所提供给我们的益处。

It is simple enough to say //that since books have classes---/ fiction, biography, poetry--- //we should separate them and / take from each

//what it is right that// each should give us.

可以很简单的说，既然书有不同的种类——小说、传记、和诗歌，我们就应该区别对待，并且从每一本书中汲取他们各自所提供给我们的益处

适当美化：

无庸讳言，既然书籍分门别类，有小说、传记、诗歌等。我们也应该区别对待，并且从各种的图书中获取不同的营养。。

提示1

这是试题中的第一句话，并不要求考生翻译，但是，对理解整个段

落至关重要。遗憾的是，好多考生似乎没有能够仔细阅读，匆匆一扫而过，没有把握主旨和文章的基调，便开始翻译划线句子了。所以，做专八英汉翻译，因为考试时间是充足的，所以，还是有必要稍微关注一下上下文和整个语篇。

2005年专八试题分析

Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.短句

划竖线：

Yet few people ask from books //what books can give us.

写汉字：

然而，很少有人向书本要求//书本能够给我们什么东西

连汉字：

然而，对于书籍，人们往往求非所与。

2005年专八试题分析

Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.长难句 划竖线：

Most commonly we come to books //with blurred and divided minds, //asking of fiction /that it shall be true, //of poetry /that it shall be false, //of biography/ that it shall be flattering, //of history /that it shall enforce our own prejudices. 2005年专八试题分析

Most commonly we come to books //with blurred and divided minds, //asking of fiction /that it shall be true, //of poetry /that it shall be false, //of biography/ that it shall be flattering, //of history /that it shall enforce our own prejudices. 写汉字：

通常，我们这样去看书

带着模糊而分散的思维

询问小说是否是真是的

询问诗歌是否是错误的

询问自传是否是虚夸的

询问历史是否会加大我们自己的偏见

Most commonly we come to books //with blurred and divided minds,

//asking of fiction /that it shall be true, //of poetry /that it shall be false, //of biography/ that it shall be flattering, //of history /that it shall enforce our own prejudices.

通常，我们这样去看书

带着模糊而分散的思维

询问小说是否是真是的

询问诗歌是否是错误的

询问自传是否是虚夸的

询问历史是否会加大我们自己的偏见

连汉字：

通常，我们带着模糊而分散的思维去看书，要求小说必须真实，认为诗歌就是虚幻，一看传记就以为是浮夸，一读历史就以为会加大我们的偏见。

Most commonly we come to books //with blurred and divided minds,

//asking of fiction /that it shall be true, //of poetry /that it shall be false, //of biography/ that it shall be flattering, //of history /that it shall enforce our own prejudices.

通常，我们带着模糊而分散的思维去看书，要求小说必须真实，认为诗歌就是虚幻，一看传记就以为是浮夸，一读历史就以为会加大我们的偏见。

开卷之时，我们常常思想模糊，思维割裂，苛求小说真实，认定诗歌造作，视传记为美化，期望史书认同一己之见。

2005年专八试题分析

If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. 难句

划竖线：

If we could banish all such preconceptions //when we read, //that would be an admirable beginning.

写汉字：

如果我们能够放弃所有这些成见

在阅读的时候

那将会是一个令人羡慕的开始

If we could banish all such preconceptions //when we read, //that would be an admirable beginning.

写汉字：

如果我们能够放弃所有这些成见

课文翻译综合英语

The pearl 吉纳，一位穷渔夫，刚发现了一颗非常大而且非常珍贵的珍珠，准备去最近的城镇把它卖掉。他急切需要钱给刚给蝎子螫伤的孩子看病。吉纳发现珍珠前，他---一位可以看病的医生拒绝给孩子治病，因为吉纳付不起治疗费。 一个小镇就像个集群动物，有神经系统头肩膀和肢。它与其他城镇不想连。因此没有两座城镇是相似的。城镇里还有完整的感情。要知道消息是怎样传遍整个小镇的可是个难解之谜。消息传得似乎比小男孩冲出去告诉别人的速度还快，比女人隔着篱笆大声说消息的速度还要快。? 在吉纳胡安纳和其他渔夫回到吉纳的茅草屋前，小镇的神经正随着消息--吉纳发现了世界上最大的珍珠--传播而奔腾，跳动。跑得气喘吁吁的小男孩还没说出这个消息，母亲们早已知晓了。消息席卷而过茅草屋，激起波浪泡沫，然后冲进镇里的石头灰泥瓦房里。消息传到正在花园里散步的牧师，他的眼中露出若有所思的表情，他想起教堂的有些地方该维修了，他纳闷珍珠值多少钱。他想知道是否为吉纳的婴儿施过洗礼，或是否主持过他的结婚仪式。消息传到零售商那儿的时候，他们看着卖的不太好的男式衣服。?? 消息传到医生那儿的时候，他正在给一位妇人看病，这位夫人的疾病其实就是“年龄太老的问题”，尽管他们两人都不承认这点。弄清楚谁是吉纳后，医生变得严肃认真而又明智起来。医生说，“他是我的一个病人，我在给他的孩子治疗被蝎子螫伤的伤口。”眼珠在肿眼泡的眼眶内转来转去，医生想起巴黎，想起那他住过的既宽敞又豪华的房间。越过他的老年病人，医生仿佛看见自己坐在巴黎的一家餐馆，男侍者正在打开酒瓶。 消息早早地传到了教堂前乞讨者，他们咯咯地高兴地笑着，因为他们知道没有比突然

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.

专八翻译笔记

专八翻译笔记 武汉新东方刘畅? Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go. – Joshua 1:9 第一章综述 一、何谓翻译？ ? T —— tell ? R —— reader ? A —— authentic ? N —— native ? S —— smooth ? L —— language ? A —— and ? T —— touch upon ? E —— essence ? 英语的翻译“translation”是由trans-和-late构成。翻译是指两种语言的信息转换，即甲方说的意思换成乙方的语言表达。Steiner说：“翻译就是理解。”理解的对象就是原文的意义，理解原文的意义是达到翻译标准“忠实、通顺”的前一项（忠实）的前提，“通顺”只是表达阶段的事。不论是什么翻译，意义为先，形式为次。因此，可以说，理解为先，表达为次。 ? 二、大纲要求 ? 1、教学大纲 ? 能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，速度为每小时250~300个英文单词。英文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。能担任一般外事活动的口译。 ? 2、考试大纲 ? 汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。速度为每小时250~300汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。 ? 英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。速度为每小时约250~300词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。 ? 三、试题特点 – 1、文体： ? 汉译英：记叙、介绍、散文、论说 ? 英译汉：散文、论说、评论、演讲 – 2、语域： ? 人文历史，无科技翻译 – 3、内容：无专门学术领域知识 ? 注意： ? 1、各年的翻译选段都是较正式的语体，未见不正式的讽刺性杂文，也未见不正式的小说对话。即使涉及文学，也是作家的作品或思想介绍。 ? 2、为了帮助考生更好地理解待翻译的篇段，一般都提供较多的上下文。但考生务必只翻译划线部分。

综合英语 1 课后翻译答案精编版

Unit 1 1.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题作好了准备。（confront） He has prepared answers to the questions that he may confront during the interview. 2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。（touch） His sad experience touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。(hand in hand) The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing. 4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。(well up) When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。(in common) People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。(look into) Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。(part) Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we used to. 10.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon） At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨天抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天的友好访问。（head） A government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa yesterday, starting a three-day friendly visit to the country. 2.看看这些讽刺社会弊端的漫画实在好笑。（awfully funny） It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills. 3.计算机是最有用的教学工具之一，所有的功课以及所有的问题和答案都可在屏幕上显示出来。（show on a screen） Computers are one of the most useful teaching tools, for all your lessons as well as all the questions and all the answers can be shown on a screen. 4.张利的母亲前天突然病倒，他赶紧派人请来医生。（send for） Zhang Li’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday, so he sent for a doctor immediately.

专八英译汉段落翻译完整版 中英文对照

My First Job When I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got my first fulltime job, as a grocer’s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal, for I could never stomach speaking to my “betters” with the deference my employer thought I should assume. But the limit was reached one Tuesday — my half holiday. On my way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the home of my emplo yer’s sister-in-law. As her house was on my way home I never objected to this. On this particular Tuesday, however, just as we were putting the shutters up, a load of smoked hams was delivered at the shop. “Wait a minute,” said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up. I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute but for a quite a considerable time. It was nearly half-past two when the boss finished. He then came to me with the ham, put it in the basket beside me, and instructed me to deliver it to a customer who had it on order. This meant going a long way out of my road home, so I looked up and said to the boss: “Do you know I finish at two on Tuesday?” I have never seen a man look m ore astonished than he did then. “What do you mean?” he gasped. I told him I meant that I would deliver the groceries as usual, but not the ham. He looked at me as if I were some unusual kind f insect and burst into a storm of abuse. But I stood firm. He gave me up as hopeless and tried new tactics. “Go out and get another boy,” he yelled at a shop-assistant. “Are you going to deliver them or not?” the boss turned to me and asked in a threatening tone. I repeated what I had said before. “Then, out of here,” he shouted. So I got out. This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer.

汉译英的几种翻译技巧

汉译英的几种常用技巧（一）常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译（省译）3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到

2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。

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