初中英语语法(英语不定代词)

关于英语不定代词的用法

(1)some和any 的用法：

***some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)

They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿)

***some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：

Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)

***any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：

They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)

Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)

***any用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。

Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)

(2)no和none的用法：

***no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点)/

They had no reading books tolend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)

***none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里)

I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的)

(3)all和both的用法：

***all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。

***both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：

I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识)

--Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)

***all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of可以省略。如：

All(of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮)

(4)every和each用法：

***every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；

***each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前

***every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：

Everyone of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功)

They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干)

(5)either和neither的用法：

***either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；

***neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。

***neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：

Either of the two will do.(我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) /

--Will you go there bybus or by car?

–Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)

(6)other、the other和another的用法：

***other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。

***another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：

Some girls are singing under the bigapple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.

You have had several cakes.

Do you really want another one?

I want another four books.

***another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个)主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如：

This is one of your socks.

Where is the other one?

I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.

***others与the others的主要区别：

***others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；

***the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：

A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.

Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them. (7)many和much的用法：

(7) many 和much:

***many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；

***much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。

它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：

I don’t have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。)

Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失)

We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多)

***many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of或者lots of;

***many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如：

There are a lot of people on the playground.(操场上有许多的人)/

They haven’t got much work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做)

There are too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。)

(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：

***few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,

***a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；

***few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物,little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：

He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。)

Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。)

In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人)

You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)

(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。

复合不定代词有12个：

something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人),

anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人),

nothing(没事), nobody(没有人), no one(没有人),

everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).

***somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；

***anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：

Hey, Lily. There is someone outside the door.

Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?

He has nothing much to do today.

(10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如：Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？

I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些)

(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如：

I don’t think so.(我认为不是这样的。)

He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。)

(12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of 的区别：

五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lotof(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；

plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。

a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。

a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。如：

A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。)

I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。)

I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写)

I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)

(13)none、no one、nobody的区别：

no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；

none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的)

Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。)

None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。)

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