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人教版四年级英语下册课文及翻译

人教版四年级英语下册课文及翻译
人教版四年级英语下册课文及翻译

人教版四年级英语下册课文及翻译Unit 1 My school

Text

Look! That's the playground.

看!那是操场。

Where's the library?

图书馆在哪里?

It's next to the art room.

它在美术室旁边。

Oh, no! That's my library!

噢,不!那是我的图书馆!

Is this the teachers' office?

这是教师办公室吗?

No, it isn't. It's the computer room.不,这不是。这是计算机房。

Do you have an art room?

你们有美术教师吗?

Yes. It's on the second floor.

是的。它在二楼。

Let's talk

Excuse me.

打扰一下。

Where's the teachers' office?

教师办公室在哪里?

It's on the second floor.

它在二楼。

OK. Thanks.

好的。谢谢!

Hi. Is this the teachers' office?

你好!这是教师办公室吗?

No, it isn't.

不,它不是。

The teachers' office is next to the library.教师办公室挨着图书馆。

Hi, Miss White!

你好,怀特老师!

Here's my homework.

这是我的作业。

Thank you, Mike.

谢谢你,迈克。

Bye, Miss White.

再见,怀特老师。

Let's learn

Where's the library?

图书馆在哪里?

It's on the first floor.

它在一楼。

teachers' office

教师办公室

library

图书馆

first floor

一楼

second floor

二楼

Let's do

Go to the library. Read a book.

去图书馆。读一本书。Shhh... Be quiet!

嘘……保持安静!

Go to the teachers' office. Say hello.去教师办公室。打招呼。

Hi, Miss White.

你好,怀特老师。

Go to the playground. Play football.

去操场。踢足球。

Yeah! We win!

耶!我们赢了!

Go to the garden. Water the flowers.去花园。浇花。

Wow! Beautiful!

哇!好美丽!

Go to the library. Read a book.

去图书馆。读一本书。Shhh... Be quiet!

嘘……保持安静!

Go to the teachers' office. Say hello.去教师办公室。打招呼。

Hi, Miss White.

你好,怀特老师。

Go to the playground. Play football.去操场。踢足球。

Yeah! We win!

耶!我们赢了!

Go to the garden. Water the flowers.去花园。浇花。

Wow! Beautiful!

哇!好美丽!

Let's spell

Read, listen and chant. er

er

water

tiger

老虎

sister

姐;妹

computer

计算机

dinner

晚餐

Let's chant.

唱一唱。

Sister, sister, can you see 妹妹,妹妹,你能看到A hungry tiger on the TV?电视上有一只老虎吗?

Tiger, tiger, can you see

老虎,老虎,你能看到Dinner for you, dinner for me.你和我的晚餐吗?Sister, sister, can you see

妹妹,妹妹,你能看到

A hungry tiger on the TV?

电视上有一只老虎吗?Tiger, tiger, can you see

老虎,老虎,你能看到Dinner for you, dinner for me.你和我的晚餐吗?

L ook, listen and write.

my sister's dinner

我姐姐的晚餐

No water near the computer.计算机附近没有水。

B

Let's talk

.Welcome to our school!

欢迎来到我们学校!

This is my classroom.

这是我的教室。

It's so big!

真大呀!

How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少个学生?

Forty-five students.

45个学生。

Is that the computer room?

那是计算机房吗?

No, it isn't. It's the teachers' office.

不,它不是。它是教师办公室。

Do you have a library?

你们有图书馆吗?

Yes, we do.

是的,有。

It's on the second floor. This way, please.

它在二楼。请走这边。

This is my school.

这是我的学校。

Cool! Do you have a music room?

酷!你们有音乐教室吗?

Yes, we do.

是的,有。

It's on the first floor.

它在一楼。

computer room

计算机房

music room

音乐教室

art room

美术室

playground

操场

Read and write 1 Do you have a library?

1.你们有图书馆吗?

Yes. The library is on the second

floor.

是。图书馆在二楼。

2 Do you have an art room?

2.你们有美术教室吗?

Yes. The art room is next to the gym.

是。美术室挨着体育馆。

3 Where is the teachers' office?

3.教师办公室在哪里?

The teachers' office is next to the

library.

教师办公室在图书馆旁边。

4 Where is Classroom 1?

4.一班在哪里?

Classroom 1 is under the teachers'

office.

一班在教师办公室的下面。

L et's check

1 That's my classroom.

1.这是我的教室。

How many students are there in your class?

你们班有多少个学生?

Forty.

40个。

2 Excuse me. Where's the computer room?

2.打扰一下。计算机房在哪里?

It's on the second floor.

它在二楼。

3 Hi. Is this the teachers' office?

3.你好。这是教师办公室吗?

No, it isn't. The teachers' office is next to the art room.不,它不是。教师办公室挨着美术室。

4 Do you have a music room?

4.你们有音乐教室吗?

No, we don't.

不,我们没有。

L et's sing

our school

我们的学校

This is the way I go to school, go to school, go to school.

这就是我去上学,去上学,去上学的路。

This is the way I go to school, where I like to learn all day.

这是我去上学的路,我喜欢整天在这里上学。

This is the classroom in my school, in my school, in my school.这是我在学校的,在学校的,在学校的教室。

This is the classroom in my school, where I like to learn all day.这是我在学校的教室,我喜欢整天在这里学习。

C

S tory time

Welcome to our school.

欢迎来到我们学校。

This way, please.

这边请。

How beautiful!

真漂亮!

This is the library.

这是图书馆。

I like storybooks.

我喜欢故事书。

Oh! I'm hungry.

哦!我饿了。

Is that the music room?

那是音乐教室吗?Yes, it is.

是的,它是。

This is the gym.

这是体育馆。

Is that the lunch room?

那是餐厅吗?

Yes, it is.

是的,它是。

Is this the computer room?这是计算机房吗?

No, it's not.

不,它不是。

It's the teachers' office.

它是教师办公室。

It's time for lunch.

到了吃午饭的时间了。Where is Zoom?

佐姆在哪里?

Zoom?

佐姆?

I know!

我知道!

I'm full!

我吃饱了!

Unit 2 What time is it?

Text

London, 12 noon

伦敦,中午十二点

It's 12 o'clock. It's time for lunch.十二点了。该吃午饭了。Beijing, 8 p.m.

北京,晚上八点。

It's time to watch TV.

该看电视了。

Cairo, 2 p.m.

开罗,下午两点。

It's 2 o'clock. Let's play football.两点了,我们去踢足球吧。OK.

好的。

What time is it?

几点了?

New York, 7 a.m.

纽约,早上七点。

What time is it?

几点了?

It's 7 o'clock. It's time to get up.

七点了,该起床了。

Brasilia, 9 a.m.

巴西利亚,上午九点。

Hurry up! It's time for school!

快点!该去上学了!

Sydney, 10 p.m.

悉尼,晚上十点。

It's 10 o'clock. It's time to go to bed.十点了,该睡觉了。

A

Let's talk

Hi! School is over.

你好!放学了。

Let's go to the playground.

让我们一起去操场吧!

OK.

好的。

What time is it now?

现在几点了?

It's 5 o'clock.

五点了。

Time to go home, kids.

该回家了,孩子们。

What time is it?

几点了?

It's 6 o'clock. It's time for dinner.

六点了。该吃晚饭了。

Oh! Let's go!

噢!我们走吧!

Let's learn

What time is it?

几点了?

It's 9 o'clock. It's time for English class. Let's go!九点了。该上英语课了。我们走吧!breakfast

早餐

English class

英语课

lunch

午餐

music class

音乐课

PE class

体育课

dinner

正餐

Let's do

It's time for breakfast. Let's drink some milk.该吃早餐了。让我们喝些牛奶吧。

It's time for lunch. Let's have some chicken.该吃午餐了。让我们吃些鸡肉吧。

It's time for dinner. Let's eat some rice.

该吃晚餐了。让我们吃些米饭吧。

It's time for PE class. Let's jump and run.

到上体育课的时间了。让我们跳吧跑吧。It's time for English class. Let's read and write.到上英语课的时间了。让我们读吧写吧。

It's time for music class. Let's sing and dance.到上音乐课的时间了。让我们唱吧跳吧。It's time for breakfast. Let's drink some milk.该吃早餐了。让我们喝些牛奶吧。

It's time for lunch. Let's have some chicken.该吃午餐了。让我们吃些鸡肉吧。

It's time for dinner. Let's eat some rice.

该吃晚餐了。让我们吃些米饭吧。

It's time for PE class. Let's jump and run.

到上体育课的时间了。让我们跳吧跑吧。It's time for English class. Let's read and write.到上英语课的时间了。让我们读吧写吧。It's time for music class. Let's sing and dance.到上音乐课的时间了。让我们唱吧跳吧。Let's spell

R ead, listen and chant.

ir

ir

girl

女孩

bird

ur

ur

nurse

护士

hamburger

汉堡

Let's chant.

唱一唱

The bird is hurt.

小鸟受伤了。

Oh, no. The bird is hurt.

哦,不。小鸟受伤了。

Oh, no.

哦,不。

Little girl, little girl.

小女孩,小女孩。

Please take the bird to the nurse.请带小鸟去看护士。

The bird is hurt.

小鸟受伤了。

哦,不。

The bird is hurt.

小鸟受伤了。

Oh, no. The bird is hurt.

哦,不。小鸟受伤了。

Oh, no.

哦,不。

Little girl, little girl.

小女孩,小女孩。

Please take the bird to the nurse.请带小鸟去看护士。

The bird is hurt.

小鸟受伤了。

Oh, no.

哦,不。

Read, listen and circle.

1 bird

1.鸟

2 nurse

2.护士

3 hurt

4 hamburger

4.汉堡

Look, listen and write.

a girl and her bird

一个女孩和她的鸟

a nurse and her hamburger

一个护士和她的汉堡

B

L et's talk

Oh! It's 6:30.

噢!现在是6点30分。

It's time to get up.

该起床了。

Breakfast is ready.

早餐准备好了。

Hurry up! It's time to go to school.快点!该去上学了!

OK.

好的。

大学高级英语课文翻译

第一课救赎 ----兰斯顿.休斯 在我快13岁那年,我的灵魂得到了拯救,然而并不是真正意义上的救赎。事情是这样的。那时我的阿姨里德所在的教堂正在举行一场盛大的宗教复兴晚会。数个星期以来每个夜晚,人们在那里讲道,唱诵,祈祷。连一些罪孽深重的人都获得了耶稣的救赎,教堂的成员一下子增多了。就在复兴晚会结束之前,他们为孩子们举行了一次特殊的集会——把小羊羔带回羊圈。里德阿姨数日之前就开始和我提这件事。那天晚上,我和其他还没有得到主宽恕的小忏悔者们被送去坐在教堂前排,那是为祷告的人安排的座椅。 我的阿姨告诉我说:“当你看到耶稣的时候,你看见一道光,然后感觉心里似乎有什么发生。从此以后耶稣就进入了你的生命,他将与你同在。你能够看见、听到、感受到他和你的灵魂融为一体。”我相信里德阿姨说的,许多老人都这么说,似乎她们都应该知道。尽管教堂里面拥挤而闷热,我依然静静地坐在那里,等待耶稣的到来。 布道师祷告,富有节奏,非常精彩。呻吟、喊叫、寂寞的呼喊,还有地狱中令人恐怖的画面。然后他唱了一首赞美诗。诗中描述了99只羊都安逸的待在圈里,唯有一个被冷落在外的情形。唱完后他说道:“难道你不来吗?不来到耶稣身旁吗?小羊羔们,难道你们不来吗?”他向坐在祷告席上的小忏悔者们打开了双臂,小女孩们开始哭了,她们中有一些很快跳了起来,跑了过去。我们大多数仍然坐在那里。 许多长辈过来跪在我们的身边开始祷告。老妇人的脸像煤炭一样黑,头上扎着辫子,老爷爷的手因长年的工作而粗糙皲裂。他们吟唱着“点燃微弱的灯,让可怜的灵魂得到救赎”的诗歌。整个教堂里到处都是祈祷者的歌声。 最后其他所有小忏悔者们都去了圣坛上,得到了救赎,除了一个男孩和依然静静地坐着等侯的我。那个男孩是一个守夜人的儿子,名字叫威斯特里。在我们的周围尽是祈祷的修女执事。教堂里异常闷热,天色也越来越暗了。最后威斯特里小声对我说:“去他妈的上帝。我再也坐不住了,我们站起来吧,就可以得到救赎了。”于是他就站了起来,也因此得到了救赎。 祈祷席上只剩下我一个人孤零零的。里德阿姨走过来,开始跪在我的旁边,小声哭泣。祷告者的诵诗充满了整个教堂。所有人都在为我一个人祈祷,时而呻吟时而呼号。我依然很平静的等待耶稣,等待等待——可是他没有来。我希望可以看见他,可是什么都没有发生。我希望有些事发生,可什么都没有变化。 我听见大主教说:“为什么你不来呢?我亲爱的孩子,为什么你不来到耶稣身边?他正等着你。他需要你。为什么你不来呢?里德修女,这个孩子叫什么名字?” “休斯顿。“我的阿姨啜泣着说。”休斯顿,你为什么不过来,得到救赎呢哦上帝的小羊羔啊,你为什么不过来呢?“现在天真的黑了。我开始惭愧,是自己把他们托得这么晚。我开始想上帝会怎么认为威斯特里。他当然也没有看见主,但现在正骄傲地坐在圣坛上,晃着灯笼裤的褪,露齿嘲笑我。周围围着一群跪着祈祷的老女人。上帝并没有因为他亵渎神灵或在教堂里撒谎而惩罚他。所以我决定也许为了省去更多的麻烦,我最好也撒谎,说耶稣已经来了,然后站起来,得到救赎。 于是我站了起来。 整个屋子突然成了欢呼的海洋,当她们看见我站起来时。欢呼声一阵接着一阵。女人们跳了起来。我的阿姨拥抱了我,大主教拉起我的手,把我牵到了主席台上。 当一切渐渐平息的时候,教堂安静了下来,只听见几声愉悦的阿门。所有的小羊羔们都得到了上帝的祝福。教堂里充满了欢悦的吟唱。 但那天晚上我却哭了。那是我一生倒数第二次哭泣,因为我已经是个12岁的大男孩了。我独自一人躺在床上,哭泣不已。担心里德阿姨会听到,我把头埋在被子下面。她还是醒了,告诉我的叔叔说:“我哭是因为神圣的上帝进入了我的生命,因为我看见了耶稣。但是我哭的真正原因是我羞于告诉她我撒谎了,我骗了教堂里所有人。我没有看见耶稣,我也不再相信有一个耶稣,因为他没有来拯救我。 第二课名字游戏 约翰·史密斯正朝我走过来。虽然他只是我的一个很平常的熟人,但按照美国人的问候习惯,我得说出那么几个字来(如:“你好!”或“早上好!”之类的话。)向他表示我的好意。然而,我该怎么叫他呢?叫他约翰?或是史密斯?或者史密斯医生?像这样的问题在平常,是不用思考的事情。 对于在美国土生土长讲美语的人来说,我们长大后,学会语法规则的同时也学会了称呼别人的规则。乍一想,我们会认为仔细去考察我们称呼的方式是一件不值得做的事情,然而正是这些称呼的方式揭示了我们对同一个语言社区的人们的主观看法。 首先,我们会用讲话者的年龄关系去判断使用的称呼是否合适。如果我们招呼的是个孩子,那么我们就可以毫无顾虑地忽略那些无意之中学来的规则,而简单地直呼其名(FN)。然而,孩子却要用“头衔+姓氏”的方式来招呼大人。

四年级英语下册翻译部分

翻译部分 Unit 1My Classroom A Chen:Welcome to our school! 欢迎到我们学校来。 This is the teacher’s office. 这是教师办公室。 That is my classroom. 那是我的教室。 Visitor A:How many students are there in your class? 你们班里有多少学生? Chen:Forty-five. 四十五名。 Visitor B:Do you have a library? 你们有图书馆吗? Chen:Yes. 有。 Visitor A:Do you have lunch at school? 你们在学校吃午饭吗? Chen:Yes!The canteen is on the first floor.This way,please. 是的,食堂在一楼。请这边走。 Chen:Look!This is our playground. 瞧,这是我们的操场。 Visitors:Oh,your school is beautiful. 噢,你们学校真漂亮. B Wu:Look,this is my school.看,这是我的学校。 Mike:Great!Is this the library?真漂亮!这是图书馆吗? Wu:Yes,it is.是的。 Mike:Is that the art room?那是绘画教室吗? Wu:No,it isn’t.It’s the music room.不,不是,那是音乐教室。 The art room is on the first floor.绘画教室在一楼。 Mike:Is that the TV room?那是电视机房吗? Wu:No,it isn’t.It’s the computer room.不,不是。那是计算机教室。 Mike:Wow!Your school is cool! 哇!你们学校真酷! Wu:Thank you.谢谢。 C Principal:Welcome to our school.This way,please.欢迎到我们学校来,这边请。 Zip and Zoom:How beautiful!真漂亮呀! Principal:This is the library.There are many books here.这是图书馆。这里有许多书。Zip:I like story-books.我喜欢故事书。 Zoom:Oh!I’m hungry.噢!我饿了。 Monkey:Is that the music room?那是音乐教室吗? Principal:Yes,it is.是的。 Zip:Is this the computer room?这是计算机教室吗? Principal:No,it’s not the computer room.It’s the teacher’s office. 不,这不是计算机教室这是教师办公室。 Principal:This is the gym.这是体育馆。

网络流行语翻译大全

网络流行语翻译大全 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】

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PEP小学四年级英语下册课文及翻译

T opic One My school Look!That’s the playground.看!那是操场. Where’s the library?.图书馆在哪儿? It’s next to the art room. 它在美术室的旁边。 Oh,No!That’s my library! 哦!不!那是我的图书馆! Is this the teachers’ office?这是老师的办公室吗?. No,it isn’t.It’s the computer room. 不,它不是。它是电脑室. Do you have an art room? 你们有美术室吗? Yes.It’s on the second floor. 有的,它在二楼。 Part A Let's learn

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网络流行语英文版

2009年中国十大网络流行语英文版 这是一个充满无限可能的时代,也是一个网络推动的时代。岁末将至,盘点2009年中出现的每一句网络流行语,无一不与我们的生活息息相关;细读每一个网络流行语诙谐和无厘头的背后,无一不是对现实问题的最理性的思考。 值此之际,特别推出2009年度十大网络流行语的英文版,让我们一起来对刚刚走远的集体记忆温故知新。 1. 不差钱 Money is not a problem. 出处:2009年央视春晚,赵本山、小沈阳等演出了小品《不差钱》。几乎一夜之间,二人转演员小沈阳连同小品中的多句经典台词,红遍大江南北。 入选理由:赵本山的小品历年来都不乏经典台词,这次有了小沈阳的加盟,语录更是经典。春晚过后,老百姓去餐馆点菜,和餐馆服务员之间最常见的对白就是“这个真没有”,“这个可以有”“咱不差钱”。 2. 哥抽的不是烟,是寂寞! What brother is smoking is not a cigarette, but loneliness! 出处:7月初,在百度贴吧里突然有人发了一张一名非主流男子吃面的图片,图片配文“哥吃的不是面,是寂寞”。之后一发不可收拾,有网友相继模仿“哥×的不是×,是寂寞”的句式,“哥上的不是网,是寂寞”、“哥爱的不是你,是寂寞”…… 入选理由:今年,“寂寞体”成为很多人的MSN、QQ签名,仿佛什么事情都可以化作“寂寞”两个字,它折射出现代人需要抚慰的心灵。寂寞是一种病,我们都在寻找治愈它的药片。 3. 贾君鹏你妈妈喊你回家吃饭! Jia Junpeng, your mother wants you to go home to have some food. 出处:贾君鹏只是个网络虚拟人物,但是在2009年7月16日百度贴吧里的魔兽世界吧里,一个只有标题《贾君鹏,你妈妈喊你回家吃饭!》的空帖,短短几个小时就被390617名网友浏览,引来超过1.7万条回复,并在接下来的一天时间内吸引了710万点击和30万的回复。入选理由:相当长一段时间内,“×××,你妈妈喊你回家吃饭!”这种兼具家庭式温馨的调侃语录成了最流行的网络问候语,并影响了社会各界和媒体们对此语录的深度分析。 4. 人生就像茶几,上面摆满了杯具。 Life is like a tea table, with bitter cups placed all over it. 出处:首先是易中天因为在一期《百家讲坛》中瞪大眼睛感叹了一句“悲剧啊”,结果就被网友截了图并上传到了网上,随即成为无数网友争相引用的签名档。其实,这句流行语的句式模板来自张爱玲笔下的———“人生是一袭华美的袍,上面爬满了虱子。” “杯具”一词诞生后,网上出现了“杯具党”,网友们又创造了“餐具(惨剧)”、“洗具(喜剧)”和“茶具(差距)”。 入选理由:在网友看来,“杯具”这个词比“悲剧”能表现内心的无奈,同时又多了一分自嘲的乐观态度,比之前单纯的悲观也多了一分希望。 5. 不要迷恋哥,哥只是个传说。 Don't be obsessed with brother. He is only a legend. 出处:这句话的起源是猫扑大杂烩,由网友“不要迷恋哥”的一个帖子引起的恶搞。

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Lesson One 1.This picture brings back many pleasant memories of her Spanish holiday. 2.News and weather forecasts reports are staples of radio programmes. 3.By mere accident Tom met in a bar his long-lost brother who was thought to have been killed in action during the war. 4.Bill intuited something criminal in their plan. 5.They think that obsessive tidiness in factory is a bad sign . 6.Yesterday his mother sold several years’ worth of paper and magazines. 7.His heartening speech impelled us to (work with) greater efforts. 8.Those who enjoy pulling off a miracle often fail. 9.As language students we should have a sense of nuances of plain words and expressions. 10.The rude behavior of Mrs. Taylor’s ado pted son is driving her into a nervous breakdown. 11.I like to see films in general, and American Western and horrors in particular. 12.In some sense Mary saw in her aunt a surrogate of her mother. 13.My father never equivocated, and he always gave some brief but poignant opinions. 14.Though he disabled, he never tries of helping people. 15.In any country, those who are remiss in their duty must be severely punished. 16.Awareness of the fact that the child was in danger impelled the policeman to action. Lesson 2 1. A. The chances are that they will be held up by traffic on their way to the airport. B. the plane takes off at 6:35. It would be a pity if they couldn’t make it. 2.Another popular notion which is in fact a misconception is that expensive clothes invariably raise one’s status. 3.Can you imagine what kind of life a man has lived who aspires to excellence and abhors mediocrity? 4. A copy of our latest product catalogue will be sent free of charge if you will fill up the form on the reverse of this card and post it. 5.It will be an absurdity, if not a catastrophe. If half of the population of this city abandons their posts and goes in for business. 6.Because they want their kids to be somebodies, some well-intentioned parents exercise enormous pressures on their children and the results all too often prove the reverse. 7.The revered professor predicted that these brilliant young people would surely make their way in the scientific-technical realm in a few years. 8.Many writers have quitted writing stories because, as they say there is no market for them. Yet Lessing sticks and she would go on even if there really wasn’t any home for them but a private drawer. 9.Satire under his pen is only a means to an end, a form to expose social evils. 10.It seemed no body at the party, not even the reporters, made special note of the general’s absence which might have aroused the suspicion of his rivals.

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1 Rock music began in America in the late 1950’s . It was not only a new musical form , but a forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life . In this forum , the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights , war and peace ,the disaffection of their society , and a range of emotions between love and hate . Allin all , in this forum , the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society . The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley , singer and poet Bob Dylan , the Bealtles , the rolling Stones and so on . They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped . 2 The American young people in 1960’s were a generation of rebellion . They found that the affluent American society was filled with poverty , injustice and gypocrisy . They didn’t trust the adult world that didn’t belong to them and refused to take their beliefs and values . Many young people took active part in the struggle which protested against poverty , racial discrimination and Vietnam War . Some young people even tried to overthrow this world by armed revolution. Many other young took passive ways to show their disaffections . They took drugs , refused to take any responsibilities and lived a parasitic way of life . Or they escaped to the frontiers and lived a primitive way of life . 3 Mathilda had been ill for three days . Her mother had given her some medicine, but it did n’t do any good . So they had to ask the doctor to come . There had been a number of cases of diphtheria in Mathilda’s school and two of them had been dead . When the doctor arrived at Olson’s home , he wanted to examine Mthilda’s throat first . But no mat ter how he coaxed ,,She wouldn’t open her mouth . So the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth . But Mathilda reduced it to splinters . In order to protect Mathilda herself and other children , the doctor had to make sure

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