2017年中考英语语法知识：英语的时态

2017年中考英语语法知识：英语的时态

语法中的时态(tense)是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。是

表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式，在英语中有16种时态。以下是搜

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一、知识要点

时态的构成 (以speak为例)

一般进行完成

现在speak / speaksam/ is/ are speakinghas / have spoken

过去spokewas / were speakinghad spoken

将来shall/ will speak

is/ am/ are going to speakshould / would speak

was/ were going to speak\

1.一般现在时的用法

①表示经常发生的动作或者经常存在的状态。经常和表示时间的状语often，always，usually，sometimes，every day等连用。

My sister usually goes to school on foot. 我姐姐经常步行去上学。

We often come to school at six in the morning. 我们经常在早上六点到学校。

②表示某种习惯或者能力，也可以表示职业、特征等。

My mother often gets up very early in the morning. 我的妈妈经常在早上起床很早。

This kind of car runs very fast. 这种小汽车跑得非常快。

③表示客观事实、客观规律或者客观真理。

This kind of trees never grows in the desert. 这种树从来不在沙漠里生长。

Do you know that knowledge is power? 你知道知识就是力量吗?

④在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，表示将来的动作。

They’ll be so happy when I tell them. 我告诉他们时，他们会很高兴的。

I f you aren’t here on time tomorrow, I’ll write to your parents.

如果你明天不准时到，我就给你父母亲写信。

注意：

①一般现在时的第三人称单数：在一般现在时中，如果句子的主语是第三人称单数

形式，谓语动词用其第三人称单数形式。

My father often watches TV after dinner at home. 我的爸爸经常在晚饭后在家看电视。

②一般现在时的谓语如果是实义动词，其否定句和一般疑问句要用助动词do，第三

人称单数用does，doesn’t来构成。

My little brother doesn’t do his homework at school. 我的小弟弟不在学校做家庭作业。

2.动词一般过去时的用法：

①表示过去经常发生的动作或者过去经常存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语

yesterday，just now，a moment ago，last week/ year/ night，in 1985，in those days，when I was at middle school等连用。

They went to college last year. 他们是去年上大学。

We had a good time in the park yesterday. 我们昨天在公园玩得很高兴。

②表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。

We played football first，then went boating and fishing,and at last had a picnic there.

我们先踢足球，然后去划船、钓鱼。最后我们在那里野餐。

③在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。

She told me that she would not leave until I came back. 她告诉我我回来她才会离开。

注意：

①表示过去经常或反复的动作，而现在却不这样做了，也可以用used to +动词原形

来表示。

I used to get up very late. 我过去总是起床很晚。

②如果主句的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。

We have made a lot of friends since we came here.

自从我们来到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。

③谈论某人的出生日期经常用一般过去时。

—When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的?

—I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。

3.现在进行时的用法：

①表示说话的时候正在发生的动作，经常与时间状语now，at present，at this time/ moment等连用。

The boys are playing football over there now. 这些男孩子们正在那边踢足球。

My father is watching TV with my mother now. 我的爸爸正在和妈妈一起看电视。

②表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，但不一定在说话时正在进行。经常与now，these days等时间状语连用。

I am learning French in Beijing these days.这些天我正在北京学法语。

③一些瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示一般将来时表示“即将……”，常有表示将来的时间状语。常用的这类动词有come，leave，go，arrive，die等。

Hurry up! The bus is coming. 快点!公共汽车马上就要开了。

He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天会回来。

4.过去进行时的用法：

表示说话的过去某个时候或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外，经常和表示过去时间的状语then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等连用。

—What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你正在做什么?

—I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我妈妈一起做饭。

表示将来发生的动作或者存在的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow，next week/ year/ month，this afternoon/ evening，tonight，in a few days，when he comes等连用。一般将来时的构成：①will/shall+动词原形②be going to+动词原形。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于第二和第三人称。

I’ll come and help you tomorrow. 我明天来帮助你。

He will go to Beijing and see his father next week. 他下个星期去北京看他的爸爸。

注意：

①shall一般和第一人称的代词连用构成shall I或者shall we的一般疑问句，用来询问对方的意图和愿望，征求别人同意等。

Shall we go swimming this afternoon? 今天下午我们去游泳好吗?

②助动词shall引起的一般疑问句征求别人同意时，回答不能用Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not，应该用Yes, please do.或者No, please don’t.

—Shall I close the window? 我把窗户关上好吗?

—No, please don’t.不，别关。

③be going to+动词原形，常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事，也用于表示必然或很可能发生的事。

They are going to finish the work this evening. 他们打算今天晚上完成这项工作。

It’s going to snow. 要下雪了。

6.过去将来时的用法：

表示过去某个将来时间发生的动作或者存在的状态。第一人称用should+动词原形，其他人称用would+动词原形。也可以用was/were +going +to +动词原形。过去将来时经常用在间接引语中，主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。

Your father said he was going to visit your school next week.

你爸爸说他下个星期要到你的学校参观。

They said they would come the next day. 他们说第二天就回来。

①表示动作发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，而这种影响或者结果往往是说话人的兴趣所在。常用的状语有already, yet, not… yet, now, just, by this time等。

The bus has come here. 公共汽车已经来了。

Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。

②表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。

We have lived here for two years. 我们在这里住了两年了。

注意：

①buy，borrow，die等非延续性动词(也称为瞬间动词)的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的for短语及since短语(或从句)连用，这时要用相应的动词代替这些非延续性动词。

(×) I have bought the bike for two years. 我买这辆自行车两年了。

(√) I have had the bike for two years.

瞬间动词与延续动词的转换：

stop—be over buy—have leave—be away come back—be back borrow—keep die—be dead begin—be on arrive—be here fall asleep—be asleep

get up—be up join—be in/be a member

They borrowed the book two weeks ago.他们两个星期前借的这本书。

→ They have kept the book for two weeks.

A month has passed since he left home. 他离开家已经一个月了。

→ He has been away from home for a month.

②注意以下表示法的含义及用法：

have been (to): 去过或到过(某地)(表示某人过去的经历)

have gone (to)：去(某地)了 (现在可能已在某地)

have come (to)：来(某地)了 (现在可能已在某地)

have been in… +一段时间: 已在某地一段时间了

He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。

He has gong to Hangzhou, so he can’t help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能帮助我们。

He has come to our city. Let’s go to visit him. 他已经到我们城市来了，我们去拜访他吧。

She has been in London for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。

③现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：

现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

—Have you seen the film? —Yes, I have. (表示结果：已经看过了，因此了解了这部电影)

—When did you see it? —I saw it last Sunday. (表示事实：过去做的一件事的时间)

He has taught this class for two years. (现在仍教着，或者刚刚停止)

He taught this class for two years. (过去教过)

8.过去完成时的用法：

过去完成时和现在完成时的用法基本相似，表示某个动作在过去的某个时间之前已经完成，即“过去的过去”。现在完成时以现在为基准，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻为基准。

I had finished my homework before you came here.

在你来这里之前我已经完成我的家庭作业。

过去完成时经常和by+过去时间，when，before等引导的时间状语从句连用。

The bus had already left by the time I got there.在我到达那里之前，公共汽车已经开走了。

When we got there, the film had already started.当我们到达那里的时候，电影已经开始了。

在含有间接引语的宾语从句中，主句经常是一般过去时，从句常用过去完成时。

He told me that he had already seen the film.他告诉我他已经看过那部电影了。

二、易错点

1.助动词和实义动词混淆。

She doesn’t her homework at home.

解析：本句是一般现在时的否定句，主语she是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词构成否定句的时候用助动词doesn’t，后面要加上谓语动词的原形do。所以把doesn’t改为doesn’t do。

2.一般现在时和现在进行时混淆。

Look! All the boys play games under the tree.

解析：从句子的look可以判断后句的谓语是在看的时候正在发生的动作，所以用现在进行时，而一般现在时虽然表示经常性的动作或状态，不强调动作正在进行，所以要把play改为are playing。

3.一般过去时忘记使用谓语的过去时形式。

Where does your father go last night?

解析：本题是考查动词的一般过去时的用法，从句子的时间状语last night可以判断是表示过去的时间，所以用一般过去时，在构成疑问句的时候用助动词did，后面用动词原形。所以把does改为did。

4.一般过去时和过去完成时用法混淆。

We learned three hundred words in the last two years.

解析：本题是考查动词到现在完成时的用法，从句子的时间状语in the last two years 可以判断是现在完成时表示从过去开始到现在学习的结果，所以把learned改为have learned。

5.瞬间动词用作延续性动词。

My mother has come back for a month.

解析：本题是考查现在完成时的用法，从句子的时间状语for a month可以判断表示“已经回来一个月了”应该用现在完成时，但是come是瞬间动词，在肯定句中不能与一段时间连用，应该把has come改为has been back。

6.时态在状语从句中的误用。

We will call you when your father will come here.

解析：本题是考查在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的用法。主句用一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时代替将来。所以把will come改为comes。

7.宾语从句中的时态不对应。

He asked us what we will do tomorrow.

解析：本题是考查在宾语从句中的时态对应。主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句中一般要用相应的过去时，即从句中原来的一般将来时一般要改成过去将来时，另外还要对时间状语加以调整。所以原句应改为：

He asked what we would do the next day.

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中考复习之词汇运用 词汇运用题：考查学生对单词的拼写能力，以及词形变化、测试内容以实词为主，虚词为辅。 做好这类题，一般应遵循下面几个步骤：第一步读懂句意，判断词性；第二步确定词形；第三步核对答案。 名词：单数、复数、所有格、大写； 动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词形式；（一般现在时用三单；已经有动词用非谓语）形容词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“的”） 副词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“地”） 代词：不定代词、主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词； 数词：基数词、序数词（first, second, third, fourth, fifth） 冠词：a / an / the （首次提到用a / an；特指用the） 连词：and，but，or，because，so，when，where，before，after，if… 介词：at，by，to，in，for，of，on，from，with… 中考复习之选词填空 二、选词填空解题注意事项 1.先对备选词汇的词性作简单标记，如名词(n.)、动词(v.)、形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.)等。同时对词义做初步的理解。 2.根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意固定搭配，根据需要去备选词 汇中寻找匹配的答案。 3.填词过程中注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为 了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜： 空前空后要注意； “名词”单复数要牢记，还有“'s”不能弃； “动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意三种级； 要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”； 填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。

最新初中英语语法知识—动词时态的知识点复习(3)

一、选择题 1．— Look after yourself on your way to Gungzhou,dear. — OK, mom.I will call you________get there. A．as soon as B．so that C．because 2．— How about going for a drive, Mike? — One moment, please! I __________ cleaning our room soon. A．will finish B．have finished C．finish D．finishes 3．No noise, please. Your brother ________ his homework in the next room. A．does B．is doing C．did D．has done 4．— Look at my new watch. —Well, it’s so cool! When and where________you buy it? A．Do B．will C．did D．Are 5．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 6．Monica, you ______ the exam! Congratulation! A．pass B．have passed C．will pass D．are passing 7．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 8．Sorry, Jenny isn’t here. She________ up some lights in the garden. A．put B．puts C．is putting D．has put 9．—I'm sorry. There was too much traffic on the road. —Never mind. The meeting________for only 5 minutes. A．has begun B．has stopped C．has been on 10．—Where are you going, Bob? —To go hiking. Eric____________ for me at the school gate! A．was waiting B．waits C．waited D．is waiting 11．Alice always________her notebooks. She is not tidy. A．lose B．lost C．loses D．found 12．—How long can I _____ the English workbook? —For two weeks. A．borrow B．to borrow C．keep D．to keep 13．Nick's brother________the navy in 2011and ________the navy since then. A．joined; has joined B．joined in; has joined in C．joined in; has been in D．joined; has been in 14．— Have you ever been anywhere for a trip? — A trip? I ________ away from my hometown even once.