新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇

新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（高分版）：UNIT 22

TEXT ONE

Although it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fractures. Now a team of researchers has devised a light bulb that is not only much more energy-efficient—it is also expected to last longer than the devices into which it is inserted. Moreover, the lamp could be used for rear-projection televisions as well as general illumination.

The trick to a longer life, for light bulbs at least, is to ensure that the lamp has no electrodes. Although electrodes are undeniably convenient for plugging bulbs directly into the lighting system, they are also the main reason why lamps fail. The electrodes wear out. They can react chemically with the gas inside the light bulb, making it grow dimmer. They are also difficult to seal into the structure of the bulb, making the rupture of these seals another potential source of failure.

Scientists working for Ceravision, a company based in Milton Keynes, in Britain, have designed a new form of lamp that eliminates the need for electrodes. Their device uses microwaves to transform electricity into light. It consists of a relatively small lump of aluminium oxide into which a hole has been bored. When the aluminium oxide is bombarded with microwaves generated from the same sort of device that powers a microwave oven, a concentrated electric field is created inside the void.

If a cylindrical capsule containing a suitable gas is inserted into the hole, the atoms of the gas become ionised. As electrons accelerate in the electric field, they gain energy that they pass on to the atoms and molecules of the gas as they collide with them, creating a glowing plasma. The resulting light is bright, and the process is energy-efficient. Indeed, whereas traditional light bulbs emit just 5% of their energy as light, and fluorescent tubes about 15%, the Ceravision lamp has an efficiency greater than 50%.

Because the lamp has no filament, the scientists who developed it think it will last for thousands of hours of use—in other words, for decades. Moreover, the light it generates comes from what is almost a single point, which means that the bulbs can be used in projectors and televisions. Because of this, the light is much more directional and the lamp could thus prove more efficient than bulbs that scatter light in all directions. Its long life would make the new light ideal for buildings in which the architecture makes changing light bulbs complicated and expensive. The lamps' small size makes them comparable to light-emitting diodes but the new lamp generates much brighter light than those semiconductor devices do. A single microwave generator can be used to power several lamps.

Another environmental advantage of the new design is that it does not need mercury,

a highly toxic metal found in most of the bulbs used today, including energy-saving fluorescent bulbs, fluorescent tubes and the high-pressure bulbs used in projectors. And Ceravision also reckons it should be cheap to make. With lighting accounting for some 20% of electricity use worldwide, switching to a more efficient system could both save energy and reduce emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gases.

1．The function of electrodes in the traditional lamp is to _____

[A] transform electricity into light through chemical reaction with the gas inside the bulb.

[B] seal the rupture of the structure of the bulb so as to prevent potential failure.

[C] connect the glass housing with the lighting device.

[D] seal the bulbs into the lighting system to ensure that the bulb’s normal function.

2. Which one of the following statements is TURE of the design principle of the new lamp?

[A] No electricity is conducted into the lamp from outside.

[B] The energy is created by the collision of the electrons and atoms and molecules of the gas.

[C] The light is created by the ionized atoms of the gas.

[D] The electricity is created as the atoms of the gas are ionized.

3．The new type of lamp can be energy-efficient because of the following reason except_____

[A] the light it generates focuses on one direction indeed of scatter light.

[B] the light it generates is more concentrated.

[C] only microwave acts as the power supplier for the lamp.

[D] the light it generates is more bright.

4. The new light is ideal for some special buildings mentioned in the passage because_____

[A] the new light bulbs are not so complicated nor expensive.

[B] the new light bulbs are more advantageous than the semiconductor devices.

[C] the new light bulbs can last for a much longer time.

[D] the new light bulbs makes light changing easier and cheaper.

5. Which one of the following is NOT the advantage of this new lamp?

[A] It is environment friendly.

[B] It can be made at a lower cost.

[C] It is safer for people.

[D] It is multi-purpose.

篇章剖析：

这篇文章讲述了一种新发明的灯泡。第一段讲述白炽灯的缺点和新灯泡的优点；第二段讲述白炽灯泡不耐用的原因；第三段讲述一家英国公司发明的新灯泡；第四段讲述这种新灯泡的原理；第五、六段讲述新灯泡的优点。

词汇注释：

incandescent adj. 白炽的dud n. （口语）不中用的东西

filament n. 灯丝electrode n. 电极

ionise v. 电离plasma n. 等离子体

diode n. 二极管toxic adj.中毒的，有毒的

难句突破：

(1)When the aluminium oxide is bombarded with microwaves generated from the same

sort of device that powers a microwave oven, a concentrated electric field is created inside the void.

[主体句式]When the aluminium oxide is bombarded with…, a concentrated electric field is …

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句，该从句中，that 引导的是定语从句用来修饰device。

[句子译文] 当氧化铝在真空中被微波撞击时（产生该微波的装置和微波炉是一样的），就形成了一个密集电场。

(1)As electrons accelerate in the electric field, they gain energy that they pass on to the

atoms and molecules of the gas as they collide with them, creating a glowing plasma. [主体句式] As electrons accelerate …, they gain energy…as they collide…

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，as引导的是时间状语从句；主句中that引导的是定语从句用来修饰energy, as引导的时间状语从句，creating…现在分词结构做状语。

[句子译文] 随着电场中电子运动的加速，电子与气体的原子和分子结合之后，把传递到原子和分子上的能量聚集起来，制造出一片光亮的等离子体。

题目分析：

[答案]B

[难度系数] ☆☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第二段“Although electrodes are undeniably convenient for

plugging bulbs directly into the lighting system, they are also the main reason why lamps fail”，电极的作用是将灯泡和发光系统联系起来。因此答案为B选项。

[答案]A

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第四段“As electrons accelerate in the electric field, they gain energy that they pass on to the atoms and molecules of the gas as they collide with them, creating a glowing plasma”，新灯泡没有电流从外面引入，而是电子和气体原子、分子结合产生的。因此，选项A符合题意。

[答案] A

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析]细节题。根据第五段，之所以节能是因为灯光更定向，产生的光很聚合，也很明亮，但一个微波发生器就可以提供能量了。而A选项的表述只是意味着可以用于放映机和电视。因此，只有A选项是不正确的理由。

[答案]D

[难度系数] ☆☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第六段“Its long life would make the new light ideal for buildings in which the architecture makes changing light bulbs complicated and expensive”，因为一些建筑物设计很特别，所以更换灯泡复杂且昂贵，这种灯泡寿命长，不用经常更换，因此适用于这种建筑。选项中D符合题意。

[答案]Ｄ

[难度系数] ☆☆

[分析] 根据最后一段“Another environmental advantage of the new design is that it does not need mercury, a highly toxic metal found in most of the bulbs used today, including energy-saving fluorescent bulbs, fluorescent tubes and the high-pressure bulbs used in projectors”，可见因为不需要水银，所以环保而且安全；其造价很低。而D选项没有说明，因此答案为D。

参考译文：

虽然传统的白炽灯泡一直被认为是个伟大的发明，但它其实是不中用的东西。白炽灯浪费了大部分的电，将95%的能量都转化为热而不是光，其寿命也相对较短，

随着灯丝断裂，啪的一声灯泡也走到了终点。目前一群研究人员已经发明出一种灯泡，不仅节能，而且比灯泡装置的寿命更长。而且，该灯泡既可用于背投电视，也可用于全面照明。

长寿的秘诀，至少对于灯泡来说，就是保证灯泡没有电极。虽然不可否认电极可以很方便地将灯泡连接到发光系统，但是这同时也是灯泡为什么坏掉的主要原因：是因为电极用完了。电极会与灯泡里面的气体产生化学反应，这样灯泡就变暗了。将电极与灯泡的组织焊死也非常困难，而这些焊接的裂缝正是灯泡坏掉的另外一个潜在原因。

Ceravision是一家位于英国米林基那斯的公司，其科学家设计出一种新式的电灯，可以不用电极。他们的这个装置使用微波来将电转化为光。该装置包括一块较小的氧化铝，在上面有一个洞。当氧化铝在真空中被微波撞击时（产生该微波的装置和微波炉是一样的），就形成了一个密集电场。

如果把包着适当气体的圆柱形封壳塞入洞中，气体的原子就会被电离。随着电场中电子运动的加速，电子与气体的原子和分子结合之后，把传递到原子和分子上的能量聚集起来，制造出一片光亮的等离子体。其产生的光是非常明亮的，而过程也很节能。实际上，传统的电灯只将5%的能量转化为光，荧光灯泡的比率为15%，而Ceravision电灯的能耗比率要大于50%。

因为这种电灯没有灯丝，所以研制该电灯的科学家认为其使用寿命可达几万个小时，换句话说，可以用几十年。而且，这种电灯产生的灯光是从一点发出的，这就意味着灯泡可以用在放映机和电视上。同时因为这个原因，这种灯泡的灯光更为定向，比散射的灯泡要更加节能。有些建筑师设计的建筑物比较特别，更换灯泡非常复杂且昂贵，而使用这种这种寿命较长的灯泡就比较理想了。这种灯泡体积较小，可以与二极管相媲美，但其发出的光要比半导体装置的光更为明亮。单一个微波发生器就可以为几个灯泡提供能量。

这种新灯泡另外的一个环保优点就是不需要水银，而水银一种高毒性的液体，今天我们使用的大部分灯泡中都有这种液体，包括节能的荧光灯、荧光管和用在投影机上的高压灯。Ceravision承认新灯泡的造价也很低廉。全世界20%的电力消耗都用于照明，因此使用更为高效的系统不仅可以节约能源，而且可以减少导致温室效应的气体排放。

TEXT TWO

For its supporters, the idea of growing single-celled algae on exhaust gas piped from power stations is the ultimate in recycling. For its detractors, it is a mere pipe dream.

Whoever turns out to be right, though, it is an intriguing idea: instead of releasing the carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels into the atmosphere, why not recapture it by photosynthesis? The result could then be turned into biodiesel (since many species of algae store their food reserves as oil), or even simply dried and fed back into the power station. Of course, if it were really that easy, someone would have done it already. But although no one has yet commercialised the technology, several groups are trying.

One of them is GS CleanTech, which has developed a bioreactor based on a patent held by a group of scientists at the Ohio Coal Research Centre, at the University of Ohio. The GS CleanTech bioreactor uses a parabolic mirror to funnel sunlight into fibre-optic cables that carry the light to acrylic“glow plates” inside the reactor. These diffuse the light over vertical sheets of polyester that form the platform on which the algae grow. Eventually the polyester is unable to support the weight of the algae, and they fall off into a collection duct positioned underneath.

GreenFuel Technologies, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has a different approach. Its reactor is composed of a series of clear tubes, each with a second, opaque tube nested inside. This arrangement makes it possible to bubble the exhaust gas down through the outer compartment and then bubble it back up through the opaque middle. The bubbling gas causes turbulence and circulates the algae around the reactor. The constant shift between light and darkness as the algal cells circulate increases the amount of carbon that they fix, probably by promoting chemical reactions that occur naturally only at night.

A preliminary test of GreenFuel's reactor design, which was performed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's campus power plant, suggested that it can remove 75% of the carbon dioxide from a power station's exhaust. A more serious test is now being carried out by Arizona Public Service, that state's power utility, at its Redhawk plant. Another test is planned in Louisiana.

GreenFuel claims that over the course of a year, a hectare (2.5 acres) of its reactors should be able to produce 30,000 litres (8,000 American gallons) of oil, which could be used as biodiesel, and enough carbohydrates to be fermented into 9,000 litres of ethanol, which can be used as a substitute for petrol.

There is, of course, no free lunch. As Rob Carlson of the University of Washington points out, if money is to be made selling products made from exhaust gas, then that gas goes from being waste matter to being a valuable resource. Far from giving it away, power companies might even start charging for it. That would, indeed, be a reversal of fortune. 1．The word “intriguing” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____

[A] challenging.

[B] promising.

[C] complicated.

[D] alluring.

2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the bioreactor developed by GS CleanTech?

[A] No exhaust gas is used in this bioreactor.

[B] The “glow plates” are used to conduct the sunlight.

[C] Sunlight comes into the fibre-optic cables through holes in the parabolic mirror.

[D] Photosynthesis is carried out by the algae in the collection duct.

3．The collection duct positioned underneath is used to_____

[A] hold the vertical sheets of polyester that fall off.

[B] substitute the platform on which the algae grows.

[C] obtain the overweight algae.

[D] take the place of polyester after light is diffused on it.

4. The approach developed by the GreenFuel Technologies is different from that by GS CleanTech in that_____

[A] there is no photosynthesis in the reactor of GreenFuel Technologies.

[B] the light used for photosynthesis is produced by the reactor itself.

[C] the algal cells fix carbon in the process.

[D] the exhaust gas acts as the motive force.

5．The reactors of GreenFuel could produce the following fuels except_____

[A] biodiesel.

[B] ethanol.

[C] alcohol.

[D] fossil fuel.

篇章剖析：

这篇文章讲述了绿色燃料的生产情况。第一段讲述了人们希望可以利用光合作用来生成燃料；第二、三段讲述有两家公司都在生产绿色燃料，但是使用了技术不同；第四、五段讲述绿色燃料开发使用的地点和规模；第六段讲述将来电力公司可能会对绿色燃料实行收费。

词汇注释：

detractor n. 恶意批评者pipe dream 白日梦

biodiesel n. 生物燃料parabolic mirror n. 抛物柱面镜

acrylic adj. 丙烯酸的duct n. 管

carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物ferment v. 发酵

ethanol n. 乙醇; 酒精

难句突破：

(1) The constant shift between light and darkness as the algal cells circulate increases the amount of carbon that they fix, probably by promoting chemical reactions that occur naturally only at night.

[主体句式] The constant shift as the algal cells circulate increases …

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，as引导的是时间状语从句，that引导的是定语从句修饰carbon，by promoting…作方式状语。

[句子译文] 随着藻类的运动，光亮和黑暗交替出现，把碳固定住并不断增加其数量，这可能是通过促成只在晚上进行的化学反应而产生的。

(2) A preliminary test of GreenFuel's reactor design, which was performed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's campus power plant, suggested that it can remove 75% of the carbon dioxide from a power station's exhaust.

[主体句式] A preliminary test suggested that …

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，which引导的是design的定语从句；that引导的是宾语从句。

[句子译文]绿色燃料公司称该设计的最初试验是在麻省理工大学校园的发电厂里进

行的，该实验证明可以将发电厂排出废气的75%清除掉。

题目分析：

[答案] D

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 猜词题。根据上下文“Whoever turns out to be right, though, it is an intriguing idea: instead of releasing the carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels into the atmosphere, why not recapture it by photosynthesis”，尽管有支持者和反对者，但是可见这个主意还是非常吸引人的，令人向往的，因此选项中D最为符合。

[答案] B

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第二段，A选项，没有废气就不能进行光合作用；B选项，白炽盘是用来漫射光的，因此也是用来传导光的；C选项，阳光是通过柱面镜的反射进入到纤维光缆中，而不是抛物柱面镜的洞；D选项，光合作用在聚酯片上进行的。因此，答案为B选项。

[答案] C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第二段“These diffuse the light over vertical sheets of polyester that form the platform on which the algae grow. Eventually the polyester is unable to support the weight of the algae, and they fall off into a collection duct positioned underneath”，这个收容器是用来接住那些经过光合作用后掉下来的藻类的，其中“unable to support the weight of the algae”说明藻类开始变得过重，因此C选项为正确答案。

[答案] D

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第三段，绿色燃料公司是使用了废气作为让藻类活动的动力，而与清洁技术相同的是在这个过程中也有光合作用，光也来自外部，也有碳固定下

选项。

来。因此，不同之处就是D

[答案]D

[难度系数] ☆

[分析] 细节题。根据倒数第二段“GreenFuel claims that over the course of a year, a hectare (2.5 acres) of its reactors should be able to produce 30,000 litres (8,000 American gallons) of oil, which could be used as biodiesel, and enough carbohydrates to be fermented into 9,000 litres of ethanol, which can be used as a substitute for petrol”，反应器只可以制造酒精作为石油的替代品，不能制造石油。因此，D是正确答案。

参考译文：

对于支持者来说，用发电厂废气来养殖单细胞藻类是个能实现循环利用这个终极目标的办法。而那些反对者认为，这只是个白日梦而已。不管最后谁是正确的，这个主意确实很吸引人，如果燃料燃烧后产生的二氧化碳排放到空气中，那么为什么不用光合作用来将其消耗掉呢？其生成物可以转化为生物燃料（因为许多藻类都以石油的形式储存食物），或只需脱水后再送回发电厂。当然，如果真的有这么简单，早就会有人这么做了。不过，尽管还没有人将这项技术商业化，有一些公司已经开始试验了。

GS清洁技术就是这样的一家公司，它利用俄亥俄大学俄亥俄州煤炭研究中心科学家们的一项专利而研制出一种生物反应器。该反应器用一个抛物柱面镜将阳光射到纤维光缆上，光缆把将阳光传到反应器里面的丙烯酸“白炽盘”上。这就将光漫射到垂直的聚酯片上，而聚酯片是藻类生长的平台。最后聚酯不能支持藻类的重量了，就会落到安在下面的管子里。

绿色燃料技术公司的总部设在马萨诸塞的剑桥，该公司采用了另外一种技术。它的反应器由一系列干净的管子构成，每个官子里面都有另外一个不透明的管子。这种安置方法可以使沿着外层下来的废气起泡，然后再通过不透明的中间层向上起泡。起泡的气体引起紊乱，使得藻类在反应器内活动。随着藻类的运动，光亮和黑暗交替出现，把碳固定住并不断增加其数量，这可能是通过促成只在晚上进行的化学反应而产生的。

绿色燃料公司称该设计的最初试验是在麻省理工大学校园的发电厂里进行的，该实验证明可以将发电厂排出废气的75%清除掉。亚利桑那公共服务部门目前正在红鹰工厂进行一项更为重要的试验——国家公共电力。此外路易斯安那州也在计划进行一个试验。

绿色燃料公司声称在一年中，一公顷（2.5英亩）的反应堆应该可以产出三万升（八千美国加仑）的石油，可以用作生物燃料，还能产生足够的碳水化合物并通过

发酵生成九千升的乙醇，作为石油的替代品。

当然，世上没有免费的午餐。正如华盛顿大学的Rob Carlson指出的，如果废气制造的产品可以出售盈利的话，那么废气就会从一种废品变成一种宝贵的资源。电力公司不仅不会排放出去，而且可能会收费。这样实际上是财富的逆转。

TEXT THREE

It is quite a feat to be invisible while occupying substantial buildings in central London flanking the Royal Academy of Arts. But that's just what the Linnean Society, the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Geological Society of London, the Society of Antiquaries of London and the Royal Astronomical Society managed to do for nearly a century. Then, in 2004, Her Majesty's Government not only noticed but also questioned their right to remain at Burlington House, as the complex is called. To the Learned Societies this may have seemed a bitter irony. In 1857, the government of a previous queen had built Burlington House expressly to house them all. Reverence for such institutions, along with the value of real estate, was not what it had been in Victoria's day. But their terms of occupancy remained unchanged.

When they moved into Burlington House, only the Royal Academy, run by supposedly impractical artists, asked for a lease. It was given 999 years at a peppercorn rent. The Societies and their allegedly hard-headed scientist members, were leaseless and rent-free. As decades passed, keeping a low profile must have seemed a sensible idea. Indeed, by 1920, some fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London (SAL), thought it essential. When a 1919 Act of Parliament made it illegal to bar women from such societies merely because of their gender, a committee of SAL fellows pressed for immediate action: women must be invited to become fellows at once. This was not in order to right previous wrongs. It was to avoid criticism and with it the risk that people might notice that no rent was being paid. The danger averted, heads stayed below the parapet.

But danger reappeared in 2004. With the reputed aim of clarifying SAL's presence at Burlington House, the government brought a suit against it. Rumour swept through intellectual London that, in fact, the government wanted to turf the Societies out—or to get a full market rent, which would have amounted to much the same thing. Alarmed feathers from five aviaries of rare birds went flying.

Now, three years later, feathers are smooth. Indeed, cooing can be heard occasionally from Burlington House. Compromises reached with the government have given the Learned Societies security of tenure at affordable rents. In return, the Societies have begun introducing themselves to one another and to the public.

They have created a “cultural campus”in the courtyard to share scholarship and conviviality—and reflect their new appreciation that there is strength in numbers. Earlier this year, the Linnean Society announced it was producing a digital archive of its priceless collections of specimens, manuscripts and letters of the world famous Swedish naturalist, Carl Linnaeus, on this the 300th anniversary of his birth.

The SAL, also 300 this year, is celebrating with a nine-month series of lectures. On November 8th at Harvard, home to many of SAL's 100 American-based fellows, Felipe Fernández-Armesto tackles “Don Francisco's nose-piece: forming new empires in Renaissance America”. The biggest birthday event is an exhibition of 150 of SAL's treasures at the Royal Academy from September 15th to December 2nd. Among these treasures is an oil on oak portrait of Queen Mary I painted by Hans Eworth in 1554 and a glowing 12th-century enamel casket designed to hold the remains of Thomas Becket. How good that invisibility is a thing of the past.

1．Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the societies in Victoria’ day?

[A] They enjoyed the highest reverence and value of real estate in Victoria’s day.

[B] They enjoyed the best privilege when Burlington House was built up.

[C] They enjoyed special reward by the Queen of really substantial and grand houses.

[D] They enjoyed most privileges in Queen Victoria’s reign, much more than today.

2. Questioning the societies’ right to remain at Burlington House seems a bitter irony to the societies because_____

[A] they were not asked to pay any rent when they were first awarded the houses.

[B] the presence privilege was initially endowed by the royal monarch.

[C] they are not exempt from public attention given their maintenance of low profile.

[D] they have been cautious about keeping their invisibility for nearly a century.

3. “peppercorn rent” (Line 3, Paragraph 2) most probably means _____

[A] free rent.

[B] leaseless rent.

[C] token rent.

[D] rent in kind.

4. The author mentioned the feathers in Burlington House in order to _____

[A] show how great was the influence of the government.

[B] make a simile to describe the reactions of societies.

[C] make a metaphor to express the internal anxiety of the societies.

[D] add more elements of drama satire to his description.

5. “invisibility is a thing of the past” means_____

[A] people could see those treasures of the past in the societies.

[B] the societies could present themselves before public now.

[C] the societies need not avoid the public notice any more.

[D] the societies could present the treasures of the past now.

篇章剖析：

这篇文章讲述了伦敦一些学会占据大量建筑物的情况以及目前的解决方案。第一段讲述学会是如何得到这些建筑物的；第二段讲述这些学会为了避免房产被收走，一直低调行事；第三段讲述2004年的一次法律事件将学会免费拥有皇家房产的事情曝光；第四、五、六段讲述目前解决这种事端采取的方法。

词汇注释：

flank v. 在…的侧面peppercorn rent n. 空有其名的租金parapet n. 低墙turf v. 驱逐

aviary n 大型鸟舍conviviality n. 欢乐

enamel n. 瓷釉

难句突破：

(1)When a 1919 Act of Parliament made it illegal to bar women from such societies

merely because of their gender, a committee of SAL fellows pressed for immediate action: women must be invited to become fellows at once.

[主体句式] When a 1919 Act of Parliament made it…, a committee of SAL fellows…

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，when引导的是句子的时间状语。

[句子译文] 1919年议会法案规定如果仅仅因为性别原因而将女性排除在这些学会之外就构成违法，伦敦古文物学会的一个委员会马上就采取了行动，邀请女性加入学会。

(1)Rumour swept through intellectual London that, in fact, the government wanted to

turf the Societies out—or to get a full market rent, which would have amounted to much the same thing.

[主体句式] Rumour swept through…that …

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，that…引导的是主语的同位语从句，which引导的是定语从句用来修饰前面的两个不定式结构。

[句子译文] 伦敦学术界谣言四传，说政府实际上是想要将学会驱逐出去，或者是索要市场租金，这其实都是一回事。

题目分析：

[答案] C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第一段“In 1857, the government of a previous queen had built Burlington House expressly to house them all”，可见只有C选项是正确的。A和B选项的“highest reverence”和“the best privilege”都不确切。而D选项也是错误的，因为文章没有进行比较。

[答案] B

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析] 推理题。根据第二段，因为最开始是维多利亚女王前任女王赋予他们进驻的权利，而现在又是另一个女王怀疑他们的权利，这看起来是个讽刺。因此，B选项为正确答案，其中“royal monarch”指的正是女王。

[答案]C

[难度系数] ☆

[分析] 细节题。根据第三段“It was given 999 years at a peppercorn rent. The Societies and their allegedly hard-headed scientist members, were leaseless and rent-free”，说明当时的出租并不是实质性的出租，只是一种象征性的租约而已。答案中C是正确答案。

[答案] B

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 推理题。文章第四段提到“Now, three years later, feathers are smooth. Indeed, cooing can be heard occasionally from Burlington House”，根据第四段和第五段，从“五个稀有品种鸟舍”来看，其实比喻的就是五个学会，因此，答案为B选项。

[答案] B

[难度系数] ☆☆

[分析] 推理题。根据第七段，主要描述了这些学会开展了一系列的活动，不用再在公众面前遮遮掩掩了。因此，答案为B选项。

参考译文：

位于伦敦中心的皇家艺术学院旁边有大量的建筑物，但却又不那么引人注意，这可是个技巧。但是Linnean学会、皇家化学学会、伦敦地理学会、伦敦古文物学会和皇家天文学学会在过去一个世纪里成功地做到了这一点。直到2004年，女王内阁注意到了它们的存在，而且随着情况的复杂化，人们开始质疑这些学会是否有权利驻扎在伯灵顿宫。对于这些学术学会来说，这看起来像是个极大的讽刺。1837年，前任女王政府为这些协会专门建造了伯灵顿宫。给与这些学会以如此的尊敬，并赠予如此有价值的地产，这在维多利亚时期是少见的。而这些房产的占有权一直没有更改过。

当学会们搬进伯灵顿宫的时候，只有由不切实际的艺术家们建立的皇家学院要求签立租约。当时签订了999年的象征性租期。而其他学会那些无情的科学家们既没有签订租约，也没有缴纳租金。几十年过去之后，保持低调是比较理智的主意。实际上，1920年之前，伦敦古文物学会的一些成员就认为必须这样做。1919年议会法案规定如果仅仅因为性别原因而将女性排除在这些学会之外就构成违法，伦敦古文物学会的一个委员会马上就采取了行动，邀请女性加入学会。这并不是要纠正以往的错误，而是为了避免引起批评，从而引发公众注意到他们没有为房产付租金。危险得以转移，而领导们可以继续在矮墙下度日了。

但是2004年又出现了危险，为了澄清伦敦古文物学会在伯灵顿宫驻扎的问题，政府提起了诉讼。伦敦学术界谣言四传，说政府实际上是想要将学会驱逐出去，或者是索要市场租金，这其实都是一回事。五个稀有品种鸟舍那些鸟类的羽毛纷纷飘了起来。

现在三年过去了，羽毛平静了下来。实际上，伯灵顿宫经常能听到它们咕咕的叫声。学会们与政府达成了协议，只需要付一定的租金就能拥有使用期限保证。作为报答，学会们要互相交流，并将自己介绍给公众。

学会们在院子里建立了“文化园”，用于分享知识和欢乐，也表达了它们对于成员增加感到高兴。今年早些时候，Linnean学会宣布在世界著名的瑞典自然学家Carl Linnaeus诞辰300周年之际，将保存的珍贵标本、手稿和信件做成电子档案。

而古文物学会今年也是300周年的诞辰，学会举办了9个月的系列讲座来进行庆祝。哈佛大学是伦敦古文物学会100多个美国成员的总部，在1 1月8日Felipe Fernández-Armesto进行了“Don Francisco的换镜旋座：成立新的复兴美国帝国”。规模最大的周年庆祝是从9月15日到11月2日在皇家艺术学会展出了150件伦敦古文物学会的珍品。在这些珍品当中有Hans Eworth1554年创作的玛丽一世橡木肖像的油画，还有装Thomas Becket的遗体的12世纪瓷釉棺材。遮遮掩掩已经成为过去，这是多好的一件事情啊。

5大学英语阅读精读与泛读的关系_周慧慧

１３２中国科教创新导刊 中国科教创新导刊 Ｃｈｉｎａ　Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ　Ｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎ　Ｈｅｒａｌｄ ２００９ ＮＯ．２８ Ｃｈｉｎａ　Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ　Ｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎ　Ｈｅｒａｌｄ 科　教　论　坛 为了迎接２１世纪的挑战，学生阅读能力必须是多方面的，不是单一的。在这个知识爆炸的时代，获取信息的一个主要途径还是阅读。为了适应各种不同的阅读要求，学生必须经过各种不同的训练。这就是外语教学中读和泛读通过“精、泛”两者结合的训练，使学生掌握不同的阅读速度，学会不同的阅读方法。能够阅读各种不同的资料。阅读要求的多样性决定了阅读训练的多样性。一个学生是否具备良好的阅读能力，取决于他是否能运用不同的速度和不同的方法去实现不同的阅读要求。 １精读和泛读的关系 １．１精读与泛读的关系 在大学英语教学中，精读与泛读的关系是相辅相成的。二者相结合进行教学对于目标实现是十分重要的。精读讲究细致严谨，教材内容选编要求十分仔细认真，每学期由教师讲授大约１０篇文章。泛读的文章内容相对广泛些，大部分由学生自主学习。精读的教育课充分发挥教师的教导职能，学生接受基本的语言知识训练与熏陶。泛读的自修可充分发挥学生的主动性与积极性。当两者相结合的时候，教师与学生释放出他们最大的潜力，达到事半功倍的效果。这就要求教师在教学中必须提供适当的教法，学生积极的配合，从而取得令人满意的成绩。多年教育实践得出：英语精读与泛读相结合进行教学是提高学生综合英语水平的一种行之有效的教学方法。１．２精读与泛读相结合的好处 在大学中，学生可通过英语精读与泛读来达到多重目的。第一，可以在阅读中不知不觉却又稳定有效地提高英语词汇量，解决词汇难关，进而提高综合阅读能力及整体英文水平。第二，可以接触和了解异国文化风俗，跨越文化障碍，丰富自己的见闻。第三，可以把所了解的异国文化与本国文化相比较，修正自身缺点，促进自身发展与完善。最后，可以开阔眼界，触类旁通，有助于提高自身的专业素质。精读与泛读都是重要的教学手段，各有利弊，只有把两者合理地结合起来，才可能事半功倍的达到教学目标，学生才可能在较短的时间内把英文水平提到一个令人满意的高度。教学是两方面的活动，教师的教，学生的学。因此，必须充分调动双方的主动性，使双方合作无间，才可发挥出百分百的潜力，取得理想的成果。 １．３正确认识精读和泛读 泛读与精读是大学英语中的两门重要课程，两者之间的关系是相辅相成的。精读 要求学生掌握词汇，分析语法难点，弄清句子的语法结构，力求全面准确地理解文章的内容，学生可以学到从单词、短语、句子到篇章结构的一系列由简至繁的综合知识技能。它保证了学生阅读的“质”，但无法保证学生阅读的“量”。而泛读课的主要任务是向学生提供大量的、足够的语言输入，所输入的语言素材在语言指标方面有足够的覆盖面，在词汇和题材等方面有一定的深度。泛读保证了学生阅读的“量”，通过“量”的熏陶，能促进“质”的提高。 ２精泛并举，循序渐进——大学英语 阅读课精读和泛读的结合路径 ２．１精读和泛读结合的教学策略 ２．１．１根据各自的内涵确定不同的授课重点 同样是文章的词、句、文分析，泛读与精读强调的重点是不同的。其一，在精读课上，词汇学习主要依赖词汇的语义关系，从词汇的上义词、下义词、同义词、反义词、同源词的角度深刻理解词汇。而泛读课更强调词汇的语境关系，致力于从上下文形成的情景词汇串中把握词汇，使学生学会运用。其二，对于句型，精读更注重对句型结构本身的掌握，需反复操练。而泛读则更强调句型所反映的功能，同时注重收集表达功能相同的不同句型。其三，两种课型对文章的分析各有重心。精读课主要分析个体文章的结构特点，以深入理解课文内容。而泛读课则要从多个个体文章的结构推演一类文章的结构规律，以指导学生课下大量阅读个体文章。 ２．１．２完善泛读教材，明确泛读教学的目标和原则 泛读课堂常常出现这样的情形：一部分教师对课文逐字逐句地精讲细解，面面俱到，使泛读精读化，失去了泛读所应起的作用；有的教师则认为泛读课不宜讲解语言知识，于是脱离课文任意发挥，“泛”得没边没缘，上课就是天南海北地神侃，并美其名曰：拓宽学生知识面；还有的则认为泛读没有什么可讲的，学生只要理解，便完成了教学任务，有问题可以问，没问题就自学，因此，课堂松松垮垮，毫无生气，教学效果可想而知。上述三种做法都没能正确处理好精泛关系，背离了泛读课的教学目标和原则。出现这一失误除了教师的专业理论知识薄弱外，还有一个常被忽视的客观原因，就是泛读课的教材一般是国外书籍报刊文章的选编，既不成套，也不系统，练习过分单一，千篇一律，目标和要求都不明确；而且泛读教材没有配套的教参，因而教 师讲课的随意性很大，怎么讲，讲什么，基本上由教师个人的兴趣和经验决定，所以对泛读教材的完善是不容忽视的。２．２精读和泛读结合的学习策略 由于精读文章量少，学生接触的语言现象有限，重现率低，不容易在对比、概括和总结上下功夫，因而对语言掌握就不易牢靠，易忘却，这个问题可以通过泛读来解决。泛读量大，语言重现率高，学生一再接触相同的语言现象，便能自然地加以吸收。对于精读时学到的一些知识点可达到巩固和熟练的目的，学生在泛读的广阔天地里，把精读时所学到的东西，加以反复检验，反复印证，以期充实巩固。泛读的材料多，情景复杂，所提供的语言现象极为丰富，最利于培养学生的语感，正因为学生有了大量的语言感性知识，他才能在精读中进行对比、概括，从而认识一定的语言规律。这样，泛读实际上已为精读铺平了道路，成为进行精读的有力手段。看来学习英语精读与泛读相互促进，缺一不可。当然，因学习者基础不同，精泛的安排可各异，前者负责攻坚，但需后者支援，泛中求精，以精促泛，精泛并举，这样才能提高英语的阅读能力。对于具有较扎实的基础的同志，应该把泛读放在首位。 ３结语 将精读和泛读合二为一，重视语篇教学，采用适当的语篇教学方法，有利于学生获取完整准确的信息，掌握科学的学习方法，提高应用语言的能力。上述意见，实践起来很富有挑战性，需要教师和学生解放思想，打破传统的教学观念。在“以学生为中心”的课堂上，学生要明确自己角色改变的重要性，不再是语言知识的被动接收者，而应该是学习的主动参与者，要有很高的学习热情和主动性；教师的角色不仅是知识的传授者，而且是学生学习的指导者、语言信息的提供者、课堂活动的设计者和参与者，同时也是学生反馈信息的收集者。教师要大量地投入时间和精力，不但要提高语言水平，而且要扩大知识面，尤其要紧跟时代的发展，及时更新自己的知识结构，才能迎接时代的挑战，并且在“教学相长”中，培养出符合社会需求的英语专业复合型人才。 参考文献 ［１］徐华琴．试论大学英语泛读教学［Ｊ］．福 建行政学院福建经济管理干部学院党报，２００５：２０～２１． ［２］徐艳．英语阅读课的精读、泛读结合［Ｊ］． 辽宁师专学报，２００６（１）：１１９～１２０． ①作者简介：周慧慧：女，１９７８年１０月生，本科，籍贯：辽宁大连，职称：讲师，工作单位：大连艺术职业学院。 大学英语阅读精读与泛读的关系① 周慧慧 （大连艺术职业学院 辽宁大连 １１６６００） 摘　要：笔者结合当前大学英语阅读教学的现状，分析了精读和泛读在大学英语阅读教学中的地位和作用，探讨了在教学实践如何将精读和泛读结合起来，培养复合型人才的策略。关键词：精读 泛读中图分类号：Ｇ６４文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：１６７３－９７９５（２００９）１０（ａ）－０１３２－０１

2019中考英语阅读理解100篇(一)：中考英语阅读理解真题与答案(1-20).docx

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考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by

英文阅读之如何精读和泛读

英文阅读之如何精读和泛读 在阅读英语材料时或是在考试过程中有很多人感到自己的阅读速度实在是跟不上需要，有些朋友就认为是自己的英语基础不行，然后就拼命的背单词，其实如果能够用正确的方法进行快速阅读训练的话，即使在原有的基础上也可以在阅读速度方面取得显著的提高，更何况很多情况下根本就不是英语基础的问题，而是阅读方法的问题。 1.快速泛读（fast extensive reading） 所谓泛读就是要读得广泛, 读得多; 量一多, 语言现象重现率就高,精读学过的东西肯定能在不同场合反复出现, 达到巩固和娴熟的程度。泛读还可以扩大精读课上所学的内容。比如: 词汇的多种意思; 语法规则的基本用法和各类句子的变化以及长、难句的掌握。在泛读时, 我们要追求的是速度与数量, 不需要经常查字典, 可以按照英国专家柯鲁克的意见, 根据上下文来猜出一些生词的意思。起初你可能猜不对, 但随着这些生词在不同上下文中的反复出现, 他们的意思也就变得越来越清楚了。如果一些生词不是常出现, 他们可能就不重要, 你就不必急着知道他们了。 平时要养成快速泛读的习惯。这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的书籍，要求读得快，理解和掌握书中的主要内容就可以了。要确定一个明确的读书定额，定额要结合自己的实际，切实可行，可多可少。例如每天读20页，一个学期以18周计算，就可以读21本中等厚度的书(每本书约120页)。

2.仔细地精读 精读在初学阶段是很重要的, 是基础。它的内容涉及语音、词汇、语法、句型、朗读等。学生的口头、笔头语言能力的提高、词汇的学习和积累、语音、语法知识的掌握都有赖于精读, 精读还为学习者以后的发展打下了牢固的语言基础, 培养了良好的学习习惯和独立分析问题、解决问题的能力。因此, 精读课在英语学习中是任何别的课程都不能取代的。 精读课千万不能上成语法课和查字典课, 否则对学生将有害无益。精读毕竟还是要读, 只不过是读得精一些, 细一些。有些人把精读课文看成是学好英语的唯一方法, 把大部分(甚至全部)英语学习的时间都用在课文上, 认为学好了课文就学好了英语。有些教师一节课将大量时间花在讲词汇、语法上, 一个单词举七八个例句, 分析每个句子的成分, 这样一节课下来, 恐怕只能讲一、两个自然段,而且这样一来, 你可能理解了这一段的每个词了,但没有从整体上抓住这个段落的主旨大意, 如果精读进行到如此缓慢的地步。那就正如英国专家柯鲁克所说的那样“精读是只见树木, 不见森林”了。相反, 如果读得快一些, 就能使你强迫自己集中精力, 抓住要点, 这样就会对阅读的材料理解得更好一些。 精读跟泛读组成一个综合的学习体系，无论是精读还是泛读都应该有技巧地、循序渐进地进行学习。

英语阅读理解100篇

阅读理解100篇 O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank, when some money went missing from the bank O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the reader’s surprise. 1. In which order did O. Henry do the following things? a. Lived in New York. b. Worked in a bank. c. Travelled to Texas. d. Was put in prison. e. Had a newspaper Job. f. Learned to write stories. A. e. c. f. b. d. a B. c. e. b. d. f. a C. e. b. d. c. a. f. D. c. b. e. d. a f. 2. People enjoyed reading O. Henry’s stories because A. they had surprise endings B. they were easy to understand C. they showed his love for the poor D. they were about New York City 3. O. Henry went to prison because . A. people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper B. he broke the law by not using his own name

2009考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(2)

TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.

英语专升本精读、泛读试题

英语专升本精读、泛读试题 Part I V ocabulary and Structure ( 每小题1分，共15分) 1. When I saw her again, she was weak and sick and grey ________ age. A. at B. over C. by D. with 2. You seem to have something_________ your mind, why do n’t you tell me? A. with B. in C. about D. on 3. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ______ or better than an actual performance. A. as good as B. as good C. good D. good as 4. This is _________ to answer. A. rather a difficult question B. the rather difficult question C. rather difficult question D. a question rather difficult 5. I intended ________ the subject with you, but I was too busy then. A. having discussed B. to discuss C. to have discussed D. discussing 6. The president made a ________ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly. A. vigorous B. tedious C. flat D. harsh 7. The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were ________ and many houses collapsed. A. spoiled B. torn C. wrecked D. injured 8. The energy _________ by the chain reaction is transformed into heat. A. transferred B. released C. delivered D. conveyed 9. Many people like white color as it is a _______ of purity. A. sign B. symbol C. signal D. symptom 10. Tom was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to ________ storming into the boss’s office. A. prohibit B. turn C. prevent D. avoid 11. I’ll go to play football as soon as I _________ the composition. A. finished B. will finish C. have finished D. are finishing 12. The factory_________ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. A. is promised B. is promising C. promised D. has been promising 13. You________ your books about. A. constantly leave B. are constantly leaving - 1 -