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初中英语常用基本句式和句型结构及被动语态(精华版)

【要点归纳】

▲英语句式绝大多数以S+V(主语+谓语)结构为核心架构。英语是SV型语言。即以S+V(主语+谓语)结构为主干，以谓语动词为核心。

▲一般来说，一个英语句子若没有谓语动词（实义动词或系动词），这个句子一定是错误的。

▲英语句子的谓语只能由动词来充当，动词在英语句子中如果不充当谓语就必须用非谓语形式（动名词、不定式或分词）。但汉语句子的谓语既可以是动词，也可以是形容词、名词等。

如：The prices are stable and the market is flourishing.

To study English is not easy.

Study English not easy. (×)

▲汉语句法的显著特点是“动词连用”，动词不需要形态变化，便可以按时间和动作发生先后顺序和情节发展连续使用几个动词。一个英语句子，除并列谓语的情形外，只能出现一个谓语，否则须用其他手段处理：★变为非谓语形式

★连词连接﹛并列连词（并列谓语；并列句）

★从属连词→引出从句

★用名词或介词来表示

▲汉语“动词连用”有两类，一类是由一个主语发出的连续几个动作，叫连动式；一类是由谓语的两个动作，前一个动词的宾语是后一个动词的主语，即两个动词不是由一个主语发出的，称作兼语式。请看：

一）连动式

英语中没有汉语这种连动式，表达先后关系的几个动词，可用and连接或用分词结构。如：

我打开门走进来。

I opened the door and came in. (Opening the door, I came in.)

二）兼语式

如：“他请我到他家来做客。”“我”是“请”的宾语，又是“到他家来做客”的主语。也就是说“我”身兼两职。英语句式表达汉语兼语式有以下几种方式：

1) 将兼语式的第二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语，常用不定式，有时用不带to的不定式，或分词，副词，形容词，名词，介词结构等。对于第一个动词，汉语中常用的动词有“使”、“叫”、“请求”、“让”、“迫使”、“导致”、“要求”、“命令”、“促进”、“鼓励”等，在英语中均有对应的动词（make, ask, beg, have, force, cause, demand, order, help, encourage 等）。如：

He invited me to dinner in his house.

▲在SV总句式基础上，根据谓语动词的类型不同，可总结出下五大句型：[S1]

⑴主语+系动词+表语She seems kind.

a. The soup is delicious. (形容词作表语)

b. Helen became an electrical engineer. (名词作表语)

c. He is in good health. (介词短语作表语)

d. The story is interesting. (现在分词作表语)

e. His wish is to become a doctor. (动词不定式作表语)

⑵主语+不及物动词He changed a lot.

a. The moon shines brightly. (一般现在时)

b. The car won’t go. (一般将来时)

c. The child behaved badly at the party. (主语+不及物动词+程度状语+地点状语)

d. Production declined 6% last month. (一般过去式)

e. They will fly to London. (主语+不及物动词+地点状语)

⑶主语+及物动词+宾语We love our country.

a. We visited our friends. (名词作宾语)

b. I am considering going abroad. (动名词作宾语)

c. He can not afford to take a taxi. (动词不定式作宾语)

d. He caught her by the arm. (动词+宾语+介词短语作方式状语)

⑷主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）

或主语+及物动词+直接宾语（物）+to +间接宾语（人）

+for+间接宾语（人）

He gave me a present. (He gave a present to me.)

a. He often tells the children interesting stories.

b. He assigned Jack the toughest job.

c. I paid the repairman 50 dollars.

d. He sent some flowers to his girlfriend.

e. My mother made a new dress for my sister.

f. I'll tell you what I've been thinkin

g. (宾语从句)

g. I assure you that this medicine will help you. (宾语从句)

h. You've got to promise me that you won't do that again.(主及宾结构+不定连接+主及宾宾)

⑸[/url]主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语I found the book interesting.[S2]

a. His writing has made him a well-known public figure. (名词作宾补)

b. They found the book easy. (形容词作宾补)

c. I can see two ships in the harbor. (介词短语作宾补)

d. He kept me waiting too long. (现在分词作宾补)

e. I have my hair cut every month. (过去分词作宾补)

f. They wanted him to study abroad. (动词不定式作宾补)

g. Will you tell me how to do it?

h. We advised her which course to take.

[S1]

五种基本句型歌英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，

后接什么是关键；系词后面接表语；vi独身无牵连；vt又可分三类，

单宾双宾最常见，还有宾语补足语；

[S2]

1. Jim finds his job a challenge.［宾补为n.］

2. I found the movie interesting.［宾补为adj.］

3. Why did you leave the light on?［宾补为adv.］

4. We found her in tears.［宾补为介词短语］

5. They encouraged her to try again.［宾补为不定式］

6. My mother told me not to worry.［宾补为不定式］

7. We heard someone knocking on the door.［宾补为V-ing］

8. Do you smell something burning?［宾补为V-ing］

9. I had my computer fixed last week.［宾补为V-ed］

10. You should make yourself understood.［宾补为V-ed］

一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：

英语动词的语态有两种：⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者

⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)

（主动语态）

English is spoken by them. （被动语态）

主谓介词短语

注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。

例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class.

主宾

→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class.

主

⑵Ｗe laughed at him .

→He was laughed at by us.

二、被动语态的结构与用法：

㈠结构：be +done (过去分词)

被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。

注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。

㈡用法：

例：①History is made by the people. (一般现在时)

②Ｔhe cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时)

③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)

④Ｔhe room must be kept clean.（含有情态动词的被动语态）

⑤The door is being opened.（现在进行时）

⑥The film has been seen by me.（现在完成时）

三、

四、

五、

⑴

跟不带

可以带

⑵

Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us).

②He took away the box..

→The box was taken away by him.

（宾补放在原来位置不变）

例：①We call him Xiao Ma.

主谓宾宾补

→Ｈe is called Xiao Ma by us.

②He found the book very interesting.

→The book was found very interesting by him.

六、没有被动语态的动词：

1.没有被动语态的词，表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) 等不及物动词或短语以及诸如result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态

２不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear,die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ...

３.大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。

例：①Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。

②Many changes have happened in our hometown.

③The film lasted for 3 hours.

初中英语常用短语句型大全

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初中英语重要句型及例句

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初中英语常见句型(1)

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初中英语五种基本句型结构

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九年级英语重点句型、句式归纳总结

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