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英汉翻译技巧视角转换(Shift

英汉翻译技巧视角转换(Shift
英汉翻译技巧视角转换(Shift

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英汉翻译技巧:视角转换(Shift of Perspective)

The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.

旧金山大学座落在金门公园附近。(语态的转换)

(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)

Her parents are both in their seventies.

她父母都已年过古稀。(表达方式的转换)

(陈刚)

If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.

孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好,恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中,而不单单是读几本教科书而已。(条件状语转换成结果状语)

(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社)

You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figure s. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.

你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字,但不可能大批生产知识,因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验,经过去伪存真后创造出来的。(定语从句转换成原因状语从句)(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)

“C oming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.

“来啦!”她转身蹦跳着跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。(介词转换成动词)

(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)

Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.

华盛顿州大部分地区的公路交通和空中航线都已陷入停顿。(名词转换成动词)

(《新实用英译汉教程》)

I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.

我同样认为,欧洲应该日益团结起来,并且用一个共同的声音说话,这是符合全世界的利益的。(词序调整)

(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)

Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.

当时我确实不大懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。(词序调整)

(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)

It is a good workman that never blunders.

智者千虑,必有一失。(反说正译)

(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)

Keep off the lawn!

请勿践踏草地!(正说反译)

(华先发:《新实用英译汉教程》,湖北教育出版社)

论英汉翻译中的视角转换

论英汉翻译中的视角转换 1.引言 语言是文化的载体,体现人类的思维活动。不同的文化对语言风格和表达方式产生了极大的影响,使得语言中的视角存在一定的差异,因此在翻译时,译者要挣脱原语文化的传统思维模式,使原语所传达的信息,所体现的风格一并能被读者完全体会。这就要求译者在了解语言文化背景及视角差异的基础上,在翻译过程中进行视角转换。 2.文献回顾 在研究翻译的视角转换这个领域已有不少学者涉及,研究成果也颇丰富。如刘保华在“英汉翻译技巧:视角转换”中介绍了主要的视角转换法;邵卫平在他的“英汉视角对比及翻译中的视角转换”也对如何进行视角转换进行了相关阐述;张小珊在“中英文翻译视角转换浅议”中提出了自己的观点。当然还有很多专家学者对这一论题进行了探讨,在这暂不一一列举。本文准备从英汉翻译视角转换的重要性和视角转换的方法入手,就这个论题谈谈我的观点。 3.英汉翻译中的视角转换 翻译在很大程度上不仅是语言的交流,更是文化之间的交流。由于英、汉语在产生的背景、经历的历史上有很大的不同,许多文化的观察视角也就有了很大区别。请看如下一例: What we lose in hake we shall have in herring. (失之东隅,收之桑榆。) 在此例中原句用了hake(鳕鱼)和herring(鲱鱼)两种鱼来表示,因为历史上西方人以航海捕鱼闻名,各种鱼类对他们而言是非常必需的,从中就可以看出西方人的生活习惯。但如果直译成“我们从鳕鱼中失去的将会从鲱鱼中得到”,中国读者就不明其意了。如果换成中国人熟悉的“东隅”“桑榆”两个词,就能达到意义上的对等,中国读者便能很清楚地了解这句话所传达的意思。 3.1翻译中视角转换的必要性 译者在翻译过程中自始至终都在考虑如何将原语传递到译语中,而在信息传递的过程中,转换是必不可少的。刘宓庆先生说:“转换是翻译中用得最广泛的变通手段。在一般情况下,转换是获得灵活对应的不可少的应变对策,而失去形式则常常是转换带来的必然结果。”但不同文化间的差异会导致人们按照自身文化思维习惯去解读另一种文化,因而在翻译中因为被传统思维方式所束缚,对原语逐词翻译而无法找到合适的译文。比如,许多人将英语习语“a heart as hard as flint”理解为“心如坚石”来表示意志坚定,而实际上此习语是“铁石心肠”的意思,形容冷酷无情,两者含义相差甚远。有不少人会把“望子成龙”译成“to expect one’s son to be a dragon”,这是不可取的,因为龙在西方文化中象征着凶残、暴力。正确的译文是“to expect one’s son to be somebody”。 由上可见若囿于原语的视角就难以找到合适的切入点,难以找到地道的表达方式。相反,若将视角适当转换,问题便迎刃而解。由此可见视角转换的必要性。 3.2英汉翻译中视角转换的方法 3.2.1词序的调整 英语表达式中一些修饰成分和词语有其一定的顺序,且不同于汉语表达式中的顺序。因此在翻译时要注意成分顺序的调整,以符合译入语的语序习惯。如: (1).an outstanding contemporary American writer (一位美国现代优秀作家) (2).Mary’s pretty new black leather bag (玛丽漂亮的黑色新皮包)

英汉翻译技巧大全

英汉翻译技巧大全 定语从句: 定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成,用来修饰名词中心词。 Person has pieced togethter the workd of hundereds of researcher around theworld to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place. 皮而森汇集了...生产出独特的千年历,这种千年历(它)能够... 定语的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化,即:如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面,这和汉语的词序是一样的;如果定语太长,定语就要放在中心词的后面,这时就要注意断句,重复先行词,例如: 1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English 在学英语的问题上,我和你有同样的问题。 2.She has a perfect figure. 她身材不错。 3.This is indeed a most pressing problem. 这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。 4.The only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother. 别的知道这个秘密的人就是他的父母。 5.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities

翻译技巧笔记:转换法

翻译技巧笔记:转换法 泛瑞翻译 于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式等方面存在着许多差异,因此英译汉时常常有必要改变表达方式,使译文通顺流畅、地道可读。这种变通技巧就是转换法(shift of perspective)。转换的形式多种多样,大体可分为7种:①词类转换,②句子成分转换,③表达方式转换,④自然语序与倒装语序转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换,⑥主动式与被动式转换,⑦分句转换。 一、词类转换 词类转换是指英语中的某一词类译成汉语时转换成另一词类。 (一) 英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为汉语动词 (1) The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. 因此,对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲,培养一种爱好和新的情趣方式,乃是至关重要的对策。 (2) The Red Army Men marched on bravely against the piercing wind. 红军冒着刺骨的寒 风英勇前进。 (3) All were unconscious that this experience was a test of character; and, when the first excitement was over, felt that they had done well, and deserved praise. 大家都没有认识到这番 经验却是一次个性的考验,最初的兴奋过去以后,又觉得自己已经干得不错了,理应受到赞扬。 (4) He appeared at her side, breathing audibly, a moment after she reached the stop. She gazed ahead, rigid. 她到车站不一会儿,他便出现在她的身旁,听见他喘息的声音。她凝视着前方,表情严峻。 (5) Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. 然而,对所有这两种类型的人来说,变换一下看法、改变一下环境和转换一下注意力都是最基本的需要。 (6) …and it was on the first stage of this journey, in Kenya, that she received the news of her father's death and her own accession to the throne. ……就在此行的第一站肯尼亚,她接到了父 亲去世并由她本人继承王位的消息。 (二) 英语动词、副词转换为汉语名词、形容词 (1) The inflammation is characterized by red, swelling, fever, and pain. 炎症的特点是红、肿、热、痛。 (2) The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday. 上星期天,来

论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用

题目:论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用 On Application of Conversion in English-Chinese Translation by Liu Xiao Under the Supervision of Li Wentao Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts

School of Foreign Studies Shandong University of Finance and Economics May 2012

Acknowledgements Upon the completion of the thesis, first of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Li Wentao, for his enlightening guidance, incessant encouragement and careful modification throughout the process of writing this thesis. Without his patience and prudence, I could not have brought my thesis to its present form. Besides, I am also greatly indebted to other beloved teachers in the School of Foreign Studies of Shandong University of Finance and Economics, for their valuable and informative courses which have benefited me a lot during my college years. Last but not the least, I am also much obliged to all my friends who have helped me with my thesis. L. X. (名字的第一个字母)

英汉翻译技巧视角转换(Shift

E-C 英汉翻译技巧:视角转换(Shift of Perspective) The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park. 旧金山大学座落在金门公园附近。(语态的转换) (王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社) Her parents are both in their seventies. 她父母都已年过古稀。(表达方式的转换) (陈刚) If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. 孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好,恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中,而不单单是读几本教科书而已。(条件状语转换成结果状语) (丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社) You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figure s. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant. 你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字,但不可能大批生产知识,因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验,经过去伪存真后创造出来的。(定语从句转换成原因状语从句)(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社) “C oming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch. “来啦!”她转身蹦跳着跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。(介词转换成动词) (许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社) Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington. 华盛顿州大部分地区的公路交通和空中航线都已陷入停顿。(名词转换成动词) (《新实用英译汉教程》) I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice. 我同样认为,欧洲应该日益团结起来,并且用一个共同的声音说话,这是符合全世界的利益的。(词序调整) (许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社) Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality. 当时我确实不大懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。(词序调整) (许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧 要真正掌握英文翻译的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难,下面就和大家分享英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐,来欣赏一下吧。 英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐 首先是英文理解难,这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉,由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同,所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章,而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续,极为别扭。 二是中文表达难,英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇,往往被弄得头昏眼花,好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙,却没有。 另外,英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高,因为我们所翻译的*,其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域,而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情,如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。 正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难,所以,我们必须通过翻译实践,对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结,

以找出一般的表达规律来,避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误,而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手: 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜 欢物理。(动词) Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词) 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外,翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践,使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1.词义的选择 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此,在平日的翻译练习和测试中,我们在弄清原文句子结构后,务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义,以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择: 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如:Cen sorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it con tributes to the com mon good. [译文]:审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 [注释]:本句中like作介词,意为”像……一样”。但like作动词用,则意为”喜欢;想要”。例如:He likes films with happy endings.(他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如:Would you like to leave a message?(你要不要留个话儿?)此外,like 还可以作形容词用,意为 "相同的",如:Like charges repel; uni ike charges attract, 电荷同性相斥,异性相吸。)2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例 1 Accord ing to the new school of scie ntists, tech no logy is an overlooked force in expa nding the horiz ons of scie ntific kno wledge. [译文]:新学派的科学家们认为,技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 [注释]:school 一词常被误译为”学校”,其实,school还有一个词义"学派”。可见,正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响,而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要

汉英翻译视角转换

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