高级英语InauguralAddress课件 翻译 译文

Address

(January 20, 1961)John F. Kennedy

目的/重点

Aims

know how to make good conversation

trace the history of the King's English

learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of examples

analyse the features of spoken English

appreciate the language features

Teaching Contents

1. Exposition

2. History of Britain

3. Detailed study of the text

4. Organizational pattern

5. Language features

6. The characteristics of spoken English

Time allocation

1. Exposition and history (15 min.)

2. Detailed study of the text (105 min.)

3. Structure analysis (15 min.)

4. Language appreciation (15 min.)

5. The characteristics of spoken English (30 min)

课文内容4. Inaugural Address

(January 20, 1961)

John F. Kennedy

1 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end

as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. For I have sworn before you

and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and

three-quarters ago.

2 The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to

abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of

God.

3 We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to

a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the

slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and

to which we are committed today at home and around the world.

4 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.

5 This much we pledge--and more.

6 To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the

loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at

odds and split asunder.

7 To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word

that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom, and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.

8 To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the for

themselves, help them help to efforts best our pledge we misery, mass of bonds

whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are

poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.

9 To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free

governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join

with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every

other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.

10 To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope

in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to

strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may

run.

11 Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a

pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental

self-destruction.

12 We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.

13 But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain

balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.

14 So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but

let us never fear to negotiate.

15 Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those

problems which divide us.

16 Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations

under the absolute control of all nations.

17 Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.

Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean

depths and encourage the arts and commerce.

18 Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah to

%undo the heavy burdens...(and) let the oppressed go free.

19 And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law,

where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.

20 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in

the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.

21 In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans

who answered the call to service surround the globe.

22 Now the trumpet summons us again--not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out,

ejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation, a

struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.

23 Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in the historic effort?

24 In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility; I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.

25 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.

26 My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.

27 Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth

to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.

(from A Treasury of the World's Great Speeches, 1965)

NOTES

1. inaugural address: since 1937, Inauguration Day has been changed to Jan. 20. On this day every four years the newly elected president of the United States faces the people for the first time, takes the presidential oath of office and delivers his inaugural address.

2. solemn oath: the presidential oath, traditionally administered by the Chief Justice, is prescribed in Article II, section 1 of the Constitution of the United States. The oath runs as follows: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the

潃獮楴畴楴湯漠?桴?湕瑩摥匠慴整?尠

3. The belief that the rights of man.., hand of God: refers to a passage in the American Declaration of Independence: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are

created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that

浡湯?桴獥?牡?楌敦?楌敢瑲?湡?桴?異獲極?景?灡楰敮獳?

4. command of Isaiah: one of the greatest Hebrew prophets whose writings are extant (late

8th century B. C. ) ; venerated by rabbis as 2nd only to Moses. The Book of Isaiah, a book

in the Old Testament of the Bible of the Christian, is believed to be a work of two authors

of different periods; chapters 1--39 relate to the history of the Israelites; chapters 40--66 foretell the coming of the Messiah. The quotation in the text is taken from chapter 58, verse 6: Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke?

教学教案背景知识

课文详解文章结构修辞学习

课文录像

课文录音

词汇短语

词汇(Vocabulary)

: of an inauguration就职(典礼)的

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: be a sign or indication of；mean表明；意味

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: having unlimited power；all—powerful有无限权力的；全能的

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: an ancester 祖先，祖宗

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: set down as a rule or direction；order；ordain；direct命令；指示；规定，订立

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: the quality of being generous慷慨；宽宏大量

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: person who appears to get some trait from a predecessor or seems to carry on in his tradition 继承者；后嗣

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: enemy；opponent敌人

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: the act of bringing to ruin，disgrace，or destruction毁灭；破坏

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: in disagreement；quarreling意见不一致；有争执

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: into parts or pieces分成碎片；分散

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: a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something牺牲品；掠夺品

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: a subverting or being subverted．ruin 颠覆(活动)；破坏

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: independent of all others独立自主的

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: surpass；exceed在速度上超过；胜过

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: a violent verbal attack．strong criticism，insults, curses, etc.; vituperation 抨击；辱骂，谩骂----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

: any person or thing that guards，protects，or defends; protection保护人；防护物；保护

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: a formal legal document ordering or prohibiting some action命令；律令；文书；传票

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: a person who opposes or fights against another; opponent；enemy对手，反对者；敌手，敌方

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: again重新，再

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: release from or as from a leash(解开皮带以)释放

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: swallow up；overwhelm 吞没，淹没，压倒

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: politeness．esp. in a merely formal way 礼貌，客气

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: talk about at unnecessary length唠唠叨叨地反复讲

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: put together and express (a theory．plan ,etc.)a systematic way系统地阐述(或提出)(理论、计划等)

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: draw upon；make use of开发、发掘

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: pay close attention to；take careful notice of注意, 留神，留心

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: a position established by invading troops on an enemy shore；a position gained as a secare starting point for any action；foothold滩头堡，登陆场；立足点

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: an earnest attempt or effort努力，尽力

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: any form of evidence，indication. etc.；proof证明，证据

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使准备战斗，使严阵以待or set in line for battle，array，]prepare常用于被动语态: [

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: great misery or distress, as from oppression；deep sorrow苦难；困苦；忧伤

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: move forward steadily，as if against difficulties; form；produce(似乎迎着困难)稳步前进；形成；结成

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: a close association for a common objective as of nations，political parties，etc．联盟，联合，同盟

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短语(Expressions)

: in dispute；to be decided；at variance；in disagreement意见不一致

例：What is at issue is the extent to which exam results reflect a student's ability.意见的分歧之处在于考试对于学生能力的影响程度。

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: in disagreement；quarrelling；antagonistic意见不一致，有争执

例：IHe was at odds with his colleagues．他与同事意见不合。

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: to discard；abandon；disown丢弃，摆脱

例：A haven of tranquility where you can cast off the strains and stress of life．一个可以摆脱生活重负的宁静港湾

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: certainly毫无疑问

例：She was beyond doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school．毫无疑问，她在学校里游泳游得最棒。

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课文翻译

第四课就职演说(1961年1月20日)

约翰肯尼迪?F?

我们今天举行的不是一个政党的祝捷大会，而是一次自由的庆典。这是一个承先启后、继往开来的大事件。因为刚才我已依照我们的先辈在将近一又四分之三个世纪以前拟好的誓言在诸位和全能的上帝面前庄严宣誓。

当今的世界已与往昔大不相同了。人类手中已掌握的力量，既足以消除一切形式的人类贫困，也足以结束一切形式的人类生活。然而，我们的先辈曾为之奋斗的革命信念至今仍未能为举世所公认。这信念就是认定人权出自上帝所赐而非得自政府的恩典。

我们今天仍未敢忘记我们是第一次革命战争的接班人。此时此地我谨向我们的朋友，同时也向我们的敌人宣告：火炬已传到我们新一代美国人手中。这一代人在本世纪成长起来，经受过战火的锻炼，经历过冷峻的和平的考验，以珍视古老的传统而自豪，又决不愿坐视或容许人权逐渐遭到践踏。美国对这些人权一向负有责任，今天我们也正在本国及全世界范围内为之奋斗。

必须让每一个友邦和敌国都知道：为维护自由，使其长存不灭，我们将会不惜付出任何代价，肩负任何重担，迎战一切困难，援助一切朋友，反击一切敌人。

以上这些是我们保证要做到的——但我们保证要做到的还不止这些。

对于那些与我们有着共同的文化和精神渊源的传统盟邦，我们保证将报之以真诚不渝的友谊。

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Chinese-English Translation Course Unit One Error Analysis: Part One On the test paper I. Choose the one which is proper and idiomatic . 1. Our home, once full of laughters, now deafens us with its silence. 译文A: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却充满了令人震耳欲聋的沉寂。 译文B: 我们的家，曾经充满了欢声笑语，现在却十分安静。 2. There are few of us but admire his courage. 译文A: 我们人人都佩服他的勇气。 译文B: 我们中很少有人佩服他的勇气。 3. All cities did not look like as they do today. 译文A: 在过去，城市面貌并不都像今天这样千篇一律。 译文B: 过去，城市面貌与现在完全不同。 4. To starve oneself emotionally is a mistake. 译文A: 不满足自己感情上的需要是一种错误。 译文B: 使自己的感情挨饥受饿是一种错误。 5.The boss‘s girl Friday called me. 译文A: 老板的女儿星期五打电话给我了。 译文B: 老板的女秘书打电话给我了 6. Marriage bed is full of roses and thorns. 译文A: 婚姻总是有苦有甜。 译文B: 婚姻的花坛里既长鲜花也生荆棘。 7. I never go past that kindergarten but think of my happy childhood there. 译文A: 每当我走过那所幼儿园，我就回想起在那里度过的幸福童年。 译文B: 尽管我从未经过那所幼儿园，但是我回想起在那里度过的幸福童年 8. And soon over the whole surface of the marsh, a great cloud of birds hung screaming and circling in the air. 译文A: 很快就有一块乌云似的一大群野鸟在沼泽上空惊叫着，盘旋着。 译文B: 很快就有黑压压的一大群野鸟在沼泽上空惊叫着，盘旋着。 9. SS guards then shoved each prisoner in the direction the doctor had indicated. 译文A: 希特勒的党卫军按医生所指的方向推着被监禁者。 译文B: 希特勒的党卫军按医生所指的方向推着犯人。 10. Thus it was that our little romantic friend formed visions of the future for herself. 译文A: 我们的小朋友一脑袋幻想，憧憬着美丽的未来。 译文B: 我们浪漫的小朋友憧憬着美好的未来。 II. Improve the Chinese version. 1. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 译文：他又皱又黑，头发灰白稀疏。 2. Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place. 译文：华尔街是个狗咬狗的地方。 3. All freely falling bodies descend from the same height in equal time. 译文：一切自由降落的物体，从同样的高度，以相等的时间下降。 4. Why waste breath on them, who have turned such an unwilling ear? 译文：为什么对他们浪费口舌呢？他们又不愿意听。 5. We have plenty of company in the way of wagonloads and mule-loads of tourists — and dust. 译文：跟我们做伴的人真不少，有乘马车的，有骑骡子的——一路尘土飞扬。 6. His speech leaves no room to improvement. 译文：他的演讲没有改进的余地。 7. He thought, not very vividly, of his father and mother. 译文：他并不是很鲜明地想到了他的爸爸和妈妈。 8. Casualties were taken to several hospitals in southwestern Georgia, some of which operated on backup generators. 译文：伤亡人员被送往佐治亚州西南部的几所医院里，其中一些伤者在备用发电机的帮助下动了手术。 9. To cure his patients, he relied on a palette of remedies that included modern science, folk medicine and plain common sense. 译文：为了治疗患者，他运用了调色板方法，其中包括现代科技、民间药物和自己的直觉。

高级英语写作1-10课翻译

高级英语写作1-10课翻译

The Delicate Art of the Forest 库珀的创造天分并不怎么样；但是他似乎热衷于此并沾沾自喜。确实，他做了一些令人感到愉快的事情。在小小的道具箱内，他为笔下的森林猎人和土人准备了七八种诡计或圈套，这些人以此诱骗对方。利用这些幼稚的技巧达到了预期的效果，没有什么更让他高兴得了。其中一个就是他最喜欢的，就是让一个穿着鹿皮靴的人踩着穿着鹿皮靴敌人的脚印，借以隐藏了自己行踪。这么做使库珀磨烂不知多少桶鹿皮靴。他常用的另一个道具是断树枝。他认为断树枝效果最好，因此不遗余力地使用。在他的小说中，如果哪章中没有人踩到断树枝惊着两百码外的印第安人和白人，那么这一节则非常平静/那就谢天谢地了。每次库珀笔下的人物陷入危险，每分钟绝对安静的价格是4美元/一分静一分金，这个人肯定会踩到断树枝。尽管附近有上百种东西可以踩，但这都不足以使库珀称心。他会让这个人找一根干树枝；如果找不到，就去借一根。事实上，《皮袜子故事系列丛书》应该叫做《断树枝故事集》。 很遗憾，我没有足够的篇幅，写上几十个例子，看看奈迪·班波和其他库伯专家们是怎样运用他的森林中的高招。大概我们可以试着斗胆举它两三个例子。库伯曾经航过海—当过海军军官。但是他却一本正经/煞有介事地告诉我们，一条被风刮向海岸遇险的船，被船长驶向一个有离岸暗流的地点而得救。因为暗流顶着风，把船冲了回来。看看这森林术，这行船术，或者叫别的什么术，很高明吧？库珀在炮兵部队里待过几年，他应该注意到炮弹落到地上时，要么爆炸，要么弹起来，跳起百英尺，再弹再跳，直到跳不动了滚几下。现在某个地方他让几个女性—他总是这么称呼女的—在一个迷雾重重的夜晚，迷失在平原附近一片树林边上—目的是让班波有机会向读者展示他在森林中的本事。这些迷路的人正在寻找一个城堡。他们听到一声炮响，接着一发炮弹就滚进树林，停在他们脚下。对女性，这毫无价值。但对可敬的班波就完全不同了。我想，如果班波要是不马上冲出来，跟着弹痕，穿过浓雾，跨过平原，找到要塞，我就再也不知道什么是“和平”了。是不是非常聪明？如果库伯不是对自然规律一无所知，他就是故意隐瞒事实。比方说，他的精明的印地安专家之一，名叫芝稼哥（我想，该读作芝加哥）的，跟踪一个人，在穿过树林的时候，脚印就找不到了。很明显，脚印是再也没法找到了。无论你还是我，都猜不出，怎么会

研究生学位英语考试翻译

PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points) Section A (15 minutes, 10 points) One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts different societies and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects people to people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Some cultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which, among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world in relation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizations which have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out. 世界变平产生一些意外的后果，其一就是不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间连接的速度之快使人和社会措手不及。一些文化凭借全球亲密接触突然带来的合作机遇兴旺发达(蓬勃发展)。另一些文化却由于这种亲密接触而感到灰心丧气，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是这种亲密接触的后果之一是使人们轻易地发现彼此在世界中的位置。所有这一切有助于说明为什么现在会出现一种最具有杀伤力的力量——自杀性爆炸者和其他恐怖组织。这些组织不顾人们的死活，消灭它们最符合我们的利益。 Section B (15 minutes, 10 points) 该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施，学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。 This act is intended (aims) to introduce education reform in America's elementary and secondary schools and give all children the access to high-quality education. The ultimate goal is to ensure that no one is left behind. As a result of the implementation of this act, schools enjoy more flexibility to use resources where they are needed most. Parents can get more involved in the child's education. PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points) Section A (15 minutes, 10 points) In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation． 在本书中，我们提出一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来合理并值得认真考虑。但有经验的作者都知道，有时最好的建议也可能不适用。写书要针对不同的读者，具有不同的目的，有关不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有这一切提出种种要求，本书是无法预见到的。我们也意识到对某一作品是合适的内容而对另一作品来说可能不合适。在多数情况下，你只好不惜代价把含义表达清楚(避免含义不清)，目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字。 Section B(15 minutes，10 points) 中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。 The limited natural resources on which China's sustainable development depends are declining sharply, on the one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to (results in) increased consumption of energy / the scale of production keeps expanding, consuming more energy. On the other hand, production facilities (equipment) that can utilize energy efficiently are lacking. That (This) forces us to think about how to leave enough environmental space to future generations (our offspring) so that they can fulfill their aspirations. Section B. 电信的高速发展使手机成为中学生的宠儿。尽管手机有很多功能，但会对青少年学习成绩产生一些负面影响，如考试作弊、课堂不注意听讲。此外，经常使用手机减少了面对面交流，而长期接触手机辐射还会造成记忆力下降或增加患脑瘤的概率。 The fast development of telecommunications has made the cell (mobile) phone popular among (a favorite of) high schoolers (high school students). Despite its multiple (many) functions, the cell